ფიჭვნარის უპრეცედენტო მასშტაბური გათხრების სენსაციური შედეგები
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 94
fiWvnaris naqalaqari, romelic
qobuleTis municipalitetSi
mdinare Coloqis samxreTiT, zRvis sanapiroze aRmoaCines, imTaviTve ipyrobda adgilobrivebis
yuradRebas Zveleburi keramikis naSTebiT, romelic xSirad
amohyveboda miwas
seriozulad am adgiliT maSin dainteresdnen, rodesac didi raodenobis ganZi ipoves. amiran kaxiZe, baTumis arqeologiuri muzeumis direqtori, mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, fiWvnaris savele-samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneli ase yveba am ambavs: `jer kidev 1948 wels aRmoCnda kolxuri TeTrisa da sinopuri monetebis didi ganZi. TviTmxilvelTa TqmiT, 7-8 kilogrami iqneboda, Tumca zusti raodenoba CvenTvis dRemde ucnobia. ukve 1952 wels ki swored am teritoriaze daiwyes Cais plantaciebis gaSeneba. niadagis Rrmad moxvnisas erT-erT kvalze brinjaos WurWeli amovarda, romelSic Calagebuli iyo 291 cali kolxuri TeTri (uZvelesi qarTuli fuli Zv.w. VI-IV saukuneebi), SesaniSnavi oqros sayure da kizikis 16-gramiani oqros moneta, romelic im droisaTvis saerTaSoriso mimoqcevaSi iyo~.
– batono amiran, sad moiWreboda maSindeli valuta?
– qalaq kizikSi, marmarilos zRvis piras mdebare berZnul qalaqSi, axlandel TurqeTis teritoriaze. iq Wridnen kizikinebs, maSindel dolars (eRimeba).
– ki magram… bevri gvqonda maSindel qarTvel/kolxebs kizikinebi?
– eg aravin icis, radgan saqarTveloSi ki ara, amierkavkasiaSi sul sami kizikinia napovni da yvela Cvens fiWvnarSi. erTze nikea gamosaxuli, meoreze – nimfa-klite, xolo mesameze – zRvis RvTaeba tritoni. yvelaferi es, am Zeglis (fiWvnaris) udides mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs.
– wels meramdene eqspedicia Catarda?
– piradad me fiWvnaris Zeglis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis rigiT 56-e sezoni Cavatare. aqve minda xazi gavusva im faqts, rom fiWvnari iqca ara marto pontospireTis, aramed msoflio masStabis fenomenad. 1961 wlidan var CarTuli am brwyinvale Zeglis kvlevaSi. 13 weliwadi mimdinareobda saerTaSoriso eqspedicia am adgilze, romelSic sxvebTan erTad oqsfordis universitetis aSmolis muzeumis profesori maikl vikensi monawileobda. albaT, gaxsovT gaxmaurebuli istoria, rodesac maikli qarTvel qalze daqorwinda da Cveni oficialuri siZe gaxda… marTlac didebuli eqspedicia moewyo maSin, ingliselebTan erTad. didi saqme gakeTda, bevri saintereso naSromi daiwera da wignebi gamoica.
– wels Tu aRmoCnda raime sayuradRebo?
– rogor ara! iq uzarmazari, saidumloebiT moculi uZvelesi naqalaqari mdebareobs, romelsac saukunovani mtveri adevs. Cveni mizania am saidumloebis erTxel da samudamod amoxsna, rasac calkeuli fragmentebis meSveobiT vaxerxebT. wels fiWvnaris tradiciuli gaTxrebi sam ubanze ganvaxorcieleT – namWeduris gora-samosaxloze da berZnul-kolxur samarovanze. monapovarTa Soris yuradRebas ipyrobs rTva-qsovasTan, meTevzeobasTan, metalurgiasTan dakavSirebuli artefaqtebi. rac Seexeba berZnul samarovans, igi elinTa dasakrZalavi moedani aRmoCnda. mogexsenebaT, araerTi cnoba gvaqvs kolxebTan dakavSirebiT. gaixseneT Tundac argonavtebis miTi, magram elinur eTnosTan dakavSirebuli Zeglebi aqamde ar gvqonia, axla ki mTeli nekropoli (mkvdari qalaqi) gavTxareT da muSavdeba iq mopovebuli artefaqtebi, didebuli wignebic gamoveciT. saintereso iyo kolxebis samarovanic, Tumca umjobesia, am sakiTxebze Cveni mecnier-TanamSromlebi gagesaubron, romlebic uSualod xelmZRvanelobdnen konkretul ubnebs.
mecnierebTan Sesaxvedrad muzeumis siRrmeSi gavemarTe. uzarmazari magidebi da karadebis Ria Taroebi savse iyo qaRaldebSi SefuTuli, warwerebiani artefaqtebiT. imdenad bevri iyo masala, Tavbru damexva. aq ukve kargad Canda, ramodena samuSaoebs atarebdnen arqeologebi ara mxolod savele gaTxrebis, aramed mopovebuli masalebis klasifikaciis, maTi Seswavlis dros. muzeumis mecnier-TanamSromelma nargiz surmaniZem, romelic borcvis gaTxrebs xelmZRvanelobda, gamacno uZvelesi masalebi da Seecada popularul enaze aexsna, ra gamostaces saukuneebis dro-Jams:
– mesame welia, fiWvnaris naqalaqaris teritoriaze, kerZod, namWdeuris samosaxloze ganaxlda samuSaoebi. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom borcvis aRmosavleT ferdobze unda iyos antikuri xanis uZravi antikuri fenebi, rac gasuli saukunis meore naxevarSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros ar dafiqsirebula. 30-e da 29-e kvadratebis gaTxrebisas gamoikveTa wiTeli baTqaSebiT moculi adgilebi, ramac zemoT aRniSnuli mosazreba gaamyara kidec. wels nawilobriv SeviswavleT kordovani fenisa (10 sm) da mokirwyluli moednidan momdinare qvebis qvemoT gavrcelebuli kulturuli naSTebis Semcveli moyviTalo feris mozvinuli Tixnari. erTgan kompaqturad iyo warmodgenili antikuri xanis keramika, Warbobda elinisturi nawarmi, iqve, alag-alag gvxvdeboda baTqaSis namtvrevebic. gavakeTeT sadrenaJo arxic, ramac adre Seswavlil TxrilSi dagubebuli wylis done daadabla. pirvel rigSi, gavasufTaveT namWdeuris borcvis Wrili da zedapiri balaxebisagan. axla ar movyvebi, ra didi samuSaoebis Catareba dagvWirda am teritoriaze, vityvi mxolod, rom Sromatevadi aRmoCnda fesvebisgan misi gaTavisufleba… mokled rom vTqvaT, me-19 da me-20 kvadratebis dasavleT gadakveTaze gamoCnda sami brtyeli filisgan Seqmnili iataki. baTqaSovani iatakis aRmoCena pirveli SemTxvevaa fiWvnaris sinamdvileSi. 1964 wlis gaTxrebis mixedviT viciT, rom fiWvnaris xis konstruqciis kedlebi oTxkuTxa lartyebze baTqaSiT ifareboda, rac praqtikulia fiWvnaris garemosaTvis. iatakis gamoCena ki morigi siaxlea ara marto Cveni ZeglisTvis, aramed, saerTod, kolxeTis arqeologiisaTvis. kidev erTi aRmoCenaa is, rom iatakis dasavleTiT Cndeba kedlis naSTebi… am fenas mosdevs Tixnari, romelic Seicavs sxvadasxva saxis artefaqtebs. me-20 kvadratSi aRmoCnda erTi cali rkinis lursmani, qvevris kedlis natexebi, amforis fragmentebi. gvaqvs saqSeni milic. ar SegawyenT Tavs arqeologiuri terminebiT, getyviT mxolod, rom aRmoCenebis mixedviT saxezea mniSvnelovani siaxle antikur xanaSi kolxur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi momxdar cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT. yuradRebas iqcevs isic, rom riyis qvebTan erTad zomierad Cndeba Tixis WurWlis namtvrevebic, maT Soris, importuli amforebic. zemoxsenebul kvadratebSi aRmoCnda herakliuri amforis Zirebi. mcire masStabebis miuxedavad, namWdeuris gaTxrebi metad saintereso da perspeqtiuli Cans. vfiqrobT, samarovnebis msgavsad, naqalaqaris gaTxrebsac bevri epoqaluri siaxliT aRvniSnavT.
miranda TurmaniZe, muzeumis mecnier-TanamSromelic daeTanxma kolegas da gagvacno Zveli welTaRricxvis meoTxe saukunis kolxuri samarovnis gaTxrebis mimdinareoba:
– aq dRemde aRmoCenilia 48 samarxi da ori saaRapo moedani. wels gadavwyviteT Tavad samarovnis gamokvleva, radgan mis mimarT interesi Zalian didia. kerZod, fiWvnaris samarovnebTan SedarebiT, romlebic Cvens welTaRricxvamde meeqvse-mexuTe saukuneebiT TariRdebian, meoTxe saukunis gansasvenebeli mcirediTaa Seswavlili, radgan sabWoTa epoqaSi teritoria mTlianad Cais plantaciebiT iyo dafaruli, sadac raime tipis samuSaoebis Catareba sastikad ikrZaleboda. samarovnis topografia eWvs ar iwvevs. Cans, rom CrdiloeTidan igi warmoadgenda fiWvnaris Zv.w. mexuTe saukunis kolxuri samarovnis qronologiur da teritoriul gagrZelebas, dasavleTiT – Zv.w. meoTxe saukunis berZnuli nekropolis mimarTulebiT, aseve, aRmosavleTiT – md. Coloqis mimarTulebiT. bunebrivia, interesTa sferoSi eqceva am epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli axali artefaqtebis moZieba-gamravleba… pirvel rigSi, teritoria gaiwminda jagnarisa da ekal-bardebisagan. foto da grafikuli fiqsaciis Semdgom, mTels moedanze miwis qanSi CaWrili samarxebis konturebi gamoCnda. zedapiridan 40-45 sm-is siRrmeze aqa-iq Cndeba adgilobrivi da nacrisferkeciani WurWlis pir-yelis fragmentebi. sainteresoa, aseve, sakulto ritualisTvis damaxasiaTebeli rqisebri sadgris natexi. fiWvnaris samarovnis am monakveTis dazianeba aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi ar SeimCneva. kargad Cans teritoriis samarovnad aTvisebis faqti. 49-e samarxSi, micvalebulis TavTan aRmoCenilia Tavdayira Cadgmuli doqi, xolo Tavad neSts pirSi kolxuri TeTri hqonda Cadebuli. 52-e samarxSi aRmoCnda herakliuri amforis qveda naxevari, xolo micvalebulis piris areSi – ori vercxlis moneta, xelze – rkinis beWedi da samajuri. aqve iyo ramdenime lursmani da Tixis doqi. Tqvens yuradRebas SevaCereb 55-e samarxze, sadac aRmoCnda vercxlis wyvili sayure, ori moneta, ori cali rkinis beWedi. rogorc Cans, micvalebuls xelebi saxis win hqonda dakrefili. iqve gaiwminda brinjaos zaraki da adamianis gamosaxulebiani minis sakidi Tvalad mZivTan erTad. marcxena xelis areSi aRmoCnda taxis gamosaxulebiani terakota. msgavsi ram pirvelad vnaxeT kolxebis dasakrZalav ritualSi. 59-e samarxSi vipoveT oqros fuye mZivebisagan Sedgenili yelsabami, Savlakiani da ioniuri WurWlis namtvrevebi. aRar CamovTvli sxva samarxebis zomebsa da maTSi aRmoCenil nivTebs, ubralod aRvniSnav, rom marTlac farTo masStabis samuSaoebi Catarda. preparirebuli iqna ori saaRapo moedani da 13 samarxi. rogorc wina monacemebidan viciT, aqauri kolxebi, elinebis msgavsad, iwyeben saqelexo ritualis Sesrulebas. TvaldaTval izrdeba elizebul kolxTa raodenobac, romlebic TavianT micvalebulebs krZalavdnen TaviT aRmosavleTiT. inventaris Cayolebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, adre klasikuri xanis dakrZalvis wesebic SemorCenilia.
mexuTe saukunis berZnul akropolisze muzeumis mecnier-TanamSromeli nino ZnelaZe gvesaubra:
– wels berZnuli nekropolisis Txrili gafarTovda aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. gamkvrivebul silnarSi gamovlinda samarxebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli saaRapo moednebi. 344-e samarxSi micvalebulis TavTan aRmoCnda qiosuri amfora da ioniuri sanelsacxeble/lekiTosi. 345-e samarxSi – ioniuri amfora TavTan, xolo xelebTan – wiTelfiguruli martivornamentiani lekiTosi, fexebTan – Savlakiani jamis Ziri, mkerdis areSi – wvril vercxlis mavTulze acmuli minis wylisferi da iodisferi sada mZivebi. aqve aRmoCnda Tvaladi mZivi cisfer fonze TeTri da lurji ZafebiT Semofargluli sami reliefuri TvaliT. marcxena xelTan ki vipoveT brinjaos samajuri…. samarxebSi danaxSirebul natexebTan erTad sameTuneo nawarmia SemorCenili, uSualod samarxebis Tavze ki upiratesad vxvdebodiT qiosuri amforis natexebs da sxva WurWleulis fragmentebs. 351-e samarxSi aRmoCnda `yurmiliani doqi da Tixis adgilobrivi qoTani. TvalSisacemia. agreTve, dakrZalvis ritualTan dakavSirebuli atikuri Savlakiani keramikis siWarbe… zogierTi samarxi dakonservebulia, yvelas Seswavla ar aris dasrulebuli, radgan gaTxrebi bolomde araa miyvanili. berZnuli akropolisis sazRvrebi gauTxrel farTobSic unda vrceldebodes. damtvreul masalaSi didi nawili wyvilRerian ioniur doqs ekuTvnis. am periodis kompleqsebisTvis iSviaTobas warmoadgens am saaRapo moedanze aRmoCenili patara zomis cilindruli Savlakiani lekiTosi, jami da sxva nakeTobani.
imedi maqvs, Tavi ar SegawyineT arqeologiuri terminologiebiT, Tumca, vfiqrob, bevrisTvis gasagebi gaxda, ra masStabis gaTxrebTan gvaqvs saqme. swored amitom, marTlac misasalmebelia is faqti, rom fiWvnarma Tavi daimkvidra, rogorc msoflio arqeologiis mniSvnelovanma Zeglma. tradiciuli gaTxrebi momaval welsac gagrZeldeba da darwmunebuli var, kidev ufro met aRmoCenebs gaakeTeben Cveni mecnierebi.