ინტელიგენციის და სასულიერო პირების რეპრესიები
akaki WavWaniZis `kontrrevolucioneroba~ imaSi gamoixata, rom
patimrobidan gaTavisuflebul Zmas 1935 wlis 1 ianvars dedis ojaxSi Sexvda da sadRegrZelo dalia gadasaxlebidan dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT
akaki WavWaniZes, rogorc komkavSirels, amis safuZvelze akritikebda komkavSiris aWaris saolqo komitetis pirveli mdivani vaxtang fofxaZe. misi gancxadebiT, akaki WavWaniZe materialurad exmareboda ZmisSvilebs, rodesac Zma patimroba-gadasaxlebaSi imyofeboda. am xelovnurad SeTiTxnili braldebiT akaki WavWaniZe komkavSiridan garicxes, Sinsaxkomma ki daapatimra, rogorc kontrrevolucioner-trockisti da 1937 wels baTumSi daxvrites.
saqarTvelos komkavSiris baTumis saqalaqo komitetma 1937 wlis 2 oqtombers ganixila sakiTxi baTumis Teatris Sesaxeb. dadgenilebaSi naTqvamia: baTumis TeatrSi aris antisabWoTa jgufi, maT Soris msaxiobebi m. xinikaZe,
i. kaikaciSvili, n. fxakaZe, x. mgelaZe da sxvebi. zogierTi maTgani SemTxveviT gadaurCa represiebs. represiebis msxverplni aRmoCndnen msaxiobebi esed civaZe da iskender kaikaciSvili. am ukanasknels bralad wauyenes mamis patimrobaSi yofna. imave braldebiT 1937 wlis agvistoSi Sinsaxkomma iskender kaikaciSvilic daapatimra.
iuristebi muSaobdnen rogorc saxelmwifo aparatSi, ise rigiT samuSaoze. inteligenciis sxva jgufebTan SedarebiT, aWaraSi iuristebi cota iyo. represirebis organizaciebma Tavisuflad moazrovne iuristebi gaanadgures. maT Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs rejeb niJaraZis, xasan lorTqifaniZis, memed kaikaciSvilis, grigol laRiZis da sxvebis tragikuli bedi.
rejeb dedes Ze niJaraZe 1873 wels daibada qobuleTis raionis sofel alambarSi. sofelSi miiRo dawyebiTi ganaTleba. baTumis gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg swavlobda odesis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, romlis dasrulebis Semdeg advokatad muSaobda. amasTan, aqtiurad monawileobda regionis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi. amas isic mowmobs, rom arCeuli iyo baTumis olqis mejlisis wevrad, rogorc friad ganaTlebuli da didi avtoritetis mqone, 1921 wlis martSi, memed abaSiZesTan erTad, Seiyvanes saolqo revkomis SemadgenlobaSi. magram imave wlis maisSi orive gamoiyvanes revkomis Tavmjdomare gubelsa da sxva wevrebTan poziciebis SeuTavseblobis gamo.
wiTeli mejlisis 1921 wlis 18 noembris dadgenilebiT, r. niJaraZe daniSnes aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis iusticiis saxalxo komisrad, sadac 1922 wlis pirvel Tebervlamde muSaobda. momdevno wlebSi iyo aWaris saxalxo komisarTa sabWosa da miwaTmoqmedebis saxalxo komisariatis iurist-konsultanti. sabWoTa xelisuflebis specsamsaxurebi rejeb niJaraZisa da misi ojaxis mimarT ganuwyvetliv meTvalyureobas axorcielebdnen, radgan politikurad arasaimedo pirovnebad Tvlidnen. 1937 wlis oqtomberSi daapatimres, baTumis satusaRoSi Casves, awames da Seadgines sabraldebo daskvna.
rejeb niJaraZes, falsificirebuli masalebis mixedviT, bralad edeboda SeiaraRebuli ajanyebebis mowyobis mcdeloba da yovelgvari organizebuli qmedeba, mimarTuli danaSaulis momzadebisa da CatarebisaTvis. am braldebas iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 58-2 da 58-11 muxlebi, romelTa safuZvelze saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatTan arsebuli `sameulis~ 1937 wlis 22 noembris dadgenilebiT, miesaja sasjelis umaRlesi zoma – daxvreta. rejeb niJaraZe daxvrites 1937 wlis 7 dekembers baTumis Semogarenis sofel salibaurSi. am faqtis Sesaxeb mkvlevar ramaz surmaniZes moyvanili aqvs baTumSi momuSave eqimis i. lisovis cnoba, romelic r. niJaraZis sicocxlis tragikulad dasrulebis TviTmxilveli yofila. i. lisovis gadmocemiT, r. niJaraZis nawamebi gvami `iatakze iwva pirqve Camxobili… xelebiT vicani, im didi xelebiT, romlebiTac bevrjer moucia CemTvis gaWirvebis Jams fuli~.
jalaTebma r. niJaraZis qonebis konfiskacia moaxdines. alambarSi CamoarTves sacxovrebeli saxli, miwis nakveTi 250 Ziri citrusis nargaviT, baTumSi -samoTaxiani bina. r. niJaraZes didi ojaxi hyavda. pirveli colidan, romelic odesaSi studentobis dros SeirTo, SeeZina qal-vaJi. isini dedasTan erTad safrangeTSi cxovrobdnen, iqve miiRes umaRlesi ganaTleba. qaliSvili sofio parizSi uecrad gardaicvala, xolo vaJiSvili raSidi 1926 wels aWaraSi Camovida, magram 1937 wels daapatimres da rusTavis koloniaSi gaatara mZime wlebi. r. niJaraZes meore colidan (aiSe beJaniZe) SeeZina vaJi da ori qali. maT represia ar ganucdiaT. albaT SemTxveviT gadaurCnen dapatimreba-wamebas.
r. niJaraZis reabilitireba moxda misi sicocxlis tragikulad dasrulebidan TiTqmis 20 wlis Semdeg. aWaris umaRlesi sasamarTlos 1956 wlis 16 ivlisis ganCinebiT, r. niJaraZis saqme warmoebiT Sewyda mis qmedebaSi braldebis daumtkiceblobis gamo. amJamad rejeb dedes Ze niJaraZe reabilitirebulia.
1937 wels baTumSi daxvrites TvalsaCino iuristi memed gulos Ze kaikaciSvili, romelsac damTavrebuli hqonda odesis (ukraina) universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. igi daibada 1898 wels qobuleTSi, saxelovani mamuliSvilis gulo kaikaciSvilis ojaxSi. memed kaikaciSvili wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTlo sistemaSi. 1934-1937 wlebSi iyo aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio kolegiis wevri, bolos prezidiumis wevric. mokle xniT avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaredac muSaobda.
memed kaikaciSvilis dapatimreba-daxvretis erT-erTi mizezi isic gaxda, rom igi iyo gulo kaikaciSvilis vaJiSvili. xelisuflebam gulo kaikaciSvilis ojaxi, rogorc kulaki, mtrad Seracxa da fizikurad da moralur-politikurad gaanadgura.
aWaris damcvelTa kolegiis wevri, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT iuristi grigol ermiles Ze laRiZe daibada 1887 wels quTaisis raionis sofel godeganSi. igi adre Caeba saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi, iyo socialist-federaciuli partiis wevri. amis gamo 1922-1924 wlebSi sapatimroSi imyofeboda, rogorc komunisturi reJimisaTvis politikurad arasaimedo pirovneba. 1937 wlis ivlisSi xelmeored daapatimres braldebiT, TiTqos 1935 wels daaarsa da dapatimrebamde xelmZRvanelobda `erovnuli ganTavisuflebis komitets~, romelSic memed abaSiZec Sedioda. g. laRiZes, iZulebiT `aRiarebiTi Cvenebis~ mixedviT, Sexvedra hqonda mixeil javaxiSvilTan da miiRo davaleba. `erovnul partiaSi~ Caaba memed abaSiZesTan erTad eqimi
i. WeliZe, agronomi nikolaiSvili, vinme bokeria da sxvebi.
g. laRiZes bralad edeboda SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis gziT sabWoTa xelisuflebis damxoba. aArarsebuli `erovnuli ganTavisuflebis komiteti~ sadamsjelo organoebis mier daxasiaTebulia, rogorc faSisturi, kontrrevoluciur-trockistuli. cxadia, am gamogonili organizaciis `wevrebis~ tragikuli bedi winaswar iyo dagegmili.
g. laRiZe TiTqos 1936 wlis dasawyisSi gaerTianda `aWaris kontrrevoluciur saajanyebo, jaSuSur-teroristuli, diversiul-mavnebluri organizaciis~ SemadgenlobaSi. mas abralebdnen kavSirs menSevikebTan, trockistebTan da erTiani ZaliT sabWoTa xelisuflebis damxobas. am braldebiT g. laRiZe Seiyvanes TerTmetkacian braldebulTa siaSi da sajarod gaasamarTles baTumSi 1937 wlis seqtemberSi. sabraldebo daskvnaSi, romelsac xels awerda aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis prokurori i. kapanaZe, g. laRiZis mimarT falsificirebuli braldeba SefuTuli iyo saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxlebiT: 58-1-`a~ – samSoblos Ralati; 58-2 – SeiaraRebuli ajanyeba; 58-8 – terori; 58-9 – afeTqeba da xanZari. aWaris uzenaesi sasamarTlos 1937 wlis 28 seqtembris ganCinebiT, grigol laRiZes, danarCen 7 braldebulTan erTad, sasjelis umaRlesi zoma – daxvreta miusajes. igi daxvrites baTumSi imave dRes. amJamad g. laRiZe reabilitirebulia danaSaulis ararsebobis gamo.
represiebi Seexo Jurnalistebsac. marTalia, saqarTveloSi, kerZod, aWaraSi Tavisufali presa aRar arsebobda – sainformacio saSualebebis monopoliuri mesakuTre mmarTveli kompartia da sabWoTa saxelmwifo iyo, magram Jurnalistebs, gazeTebis redaqtorebis nawils, romlebic araoficialurad gamoTqvamdnen sakuTar azrs qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebze, kontrrevolucioner-trockistobas abralebdnen. Sinsaxkomis wardgenis Sedegad xsnidnen Tanamdebobebidan, ricxavdnen partiidan da komkavSiridan, Semdgom apatimrebdnen, awamebdnen, Soreul cimbirSi asaxlebdnen, nawils xvretdnen. saqarTvelos kompartiis baTumis saqalaqo komitetis biurom 1937 wlis agvistoSi partiidan garicxa gazeT `sabWoTa aWaris~ Ramis redaqtori nestor malazonia. igi iyo mwerali, publicisti, Jurnalisti. 1934 wels muSaobda xulos raionuli gazeTis `koleqtiuri Sromis~ redaqtorad.
n. malazonias bralad dasdes, rom 1937 wlis 18 agvistos redaqciaSi eweoda `kontrrevoluciur-trockistul laybobas~. am braldebiT igi gazeTebis `sabWoTa aWarisa~ da `batumski raboCis~ redaqciebis partiulma organizaciam kompartiis rigebidan garicxa. imave wlis 29 agvistos pirveladi partiuli organizaciis dadgenileba saqarTvelos kompartiis baTumis saqalaqo komitetis biurom daamtkica. rogorc Cans, misi dasja amiT Semoifargla. gazeT `batumski raboCis~ mrewvelobis ganyofilebis gamge viner tixonis Ze meSCeriakovi damnaSaved cnes `kontrrevoluciur-trockistul~ aralegalur saqmianobaSi monawileobisaTvis. kontrrevoluciur-trockistuli saqmianobis falsificirebuli braldebiT saqarTvelos kompartiis baTumis saqalaqo komitetis biurom 1937 wlis 14 noembers komunisturi partiidan garicxa gazeT `zaria vostokas~ baTumis ganyofilebis muSaki, erovnebiT rusi vladimer stefanes Ze demidovi.
kontrrevolucioner-trockistobas abralebdnen `qobuleTis kolmeurnis~ redaqtors geronti arseses Ze petriaSvils. am motiviT saqarTvelos kompartiis qobuleTis raikomis biurom gaaTavisufla redaqtoris Tanamdebobidan – gadaiyvanes buknaris sabWoTa meurneobis direqtorad. redaqtorobidan gaTavisuflebis mizezi is iyo, rom mis sidedrs 1933 wlidan mimowera hqonda sazRvargareT myof menSevik qristefore imnaiSvilTan. g. petriaSvilis braleuloba imaSi gamoixata, rom es ambavi damala, ar miiRo zomebi mis aRsakveTad. `qobuleTis kolmeurnis~ axlad daniSnul redaqtors n. pataraias daavales gaewminda gazeTis redaqcia mtruli elementebisagan. aseTebad iTvlebodnen v. cecxlaZe da a. xabazi.
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