,, ნიკო აღმაშენებელი”
ase uwoda didma iliam Tavis erTgul megobarsa da Tanamoazres _ niko cxvedaZes niSnad didi Rvawlisa da damsaxurebisa saqarTvelosa da qarTveli xalxis winaSe.
niko cxvedaZe iyo XIX saukunis meore naxevrisa da XX saukunis aTiani wlebis cnobili pedagogi da sazogado moRvawe. igi daibada 1845 wlis 27 ianvars samaCablos sofel soWinSi, soflis mRvdlis ojaxSi. pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo. Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis Semdeg moskovis sasuliero akademia daamTavra, aqve daicva disertacia da 1870 wels RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxiT muSaoba daiwyo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac adre TviTon swavlobda.
n. cxvedaZe didi gulmodginebiT Seudga pedagogiur moRvaweobas. al. miqaberiZis gadmocemiT, man `saswavlebelSi fexis SedgmisTanave daimsaxura WeSmariti siyvaruli da pativiscema moswavle axalgazrdobisa~. mwerali sofrom mgalobliSvili niko cxvedaZesa da giorgi ioselians `madlian qarTvelebs~ uwodebs da aRniSnavs: `amaTi mosvlidan sruliad axali xana daiwyo seminariaSi, sagnebs aswavlidnen kargad, Segirdebs adamianurad epyrobodnen, gvaZlevdnen sakiTxav wignebs, gvayvarebdnen samSoblo enasa da literaturas~.
sicocxlis ukanaskneli 15 weli niko cxvedaZem saSviliSvilo saqmes moaxmara. 1897 wlidan man Tavze aiRo Tbilisis qarTuli gimnaziisaTvis axali Senobis agebis urTulesi saqme, romelic imTaviTve qarTuli universitetisaTvis hqonda Cafiqrebuli. man soxumSi gamwesebuli axalgazrda arqiteqtori svimon kldiaSvili miiwvia Senobis dasaproeqteblad, romelmac es sapasuxismgeblo SeTavazeba miiRo da umal Seudga dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesrulebas. 1899 wlis SuaxanebisaTvis mas proeqti ukve mzad hqonda. adgilze ganxilvis Semdeg proeqti moskovSi gaigzavna dasamtkiceblad, romelic maleve daamtkices da niko maSinve Seudga Tavisi Canafiqris ganxorcielebas.
`Rarib moswavleTa Semwe Tbilisis guberniis Tavad-aznaurTa sazogadoebis~ TanxiT iyida vakeSi (veraze) miwis nakveTi da saqmes Seudga, magram sazogadoebis sakmaod didi nawili undoblobiT Sexvedria mis wamowyebas: dascinodnen, Wkuaze Seryeuls, giJs, gadareuls uwodebdnen, adgils uwunebdnen da a.S., magram niko yovelive amas iTmenda da mtkiced miiwevda dasaxuli miznisken.
daviT kldiaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi wers: `niko cxvedaZem rom axlandeli saxelmwifo universitetis Senoba daiwyo, mravali mkilavi gamouCnda: _ giJiao, ambobdnen nikoloz zebedes Zeze. xifaTs gadagvkidebs, fuls tyuilad miaxarjavs da viRacas tyuilubralod Cauvardeba xelSi amodena Senobao. `fantaziori~, saqmis fanatikosi ki gajiutebiT gaiZaxoda: movaTavebT, movaTavebT da universitetsac movaTavsebT Sig!.. aki gamarTlda fantazia~.
profesori gr. naTaZec igonebs: `niko cxvedaZe maswavleblebs gvesaubreboda am Senobis momavalze da xSirad ityoda xolme: `ymawvilebo, aq qarTuli universiteti iqneba, qarTuli universiteti~. Cven amaze arafers veubnebodiT zrdilobis gamo, magram es sityvebi moxuci kacis axirebad migvaCnda. universitets vin gvaRirsebs? veubnebodiT Semdeg erTmaneTs da vicinodiT~.
SenobisaTvis sazeimo viTarebaSi saZirkveli CauyriaT 1899 wlis 14 oqtombers. amasTan dakavSirebiT g. lasxiSvili wers: `kargad maxsovs is dRe, roca cxvedaZem qarTveli sazogadoeba miiwvia saZirkvlis Cayraze da kurTxevaze. sxvaTa Soris, viyaviT redaqciis warmomadgenelnic… niko cxvedaZe namdvili axalgazrduli enTuziazmiT iyo gatacebuli, magram bevri damswre skeptikurad aqnevda Tavs da Cumad dascinoda kidec iniciators… ceremoniis gaTavebis Semdeg niko mogvibrunda axalgazrdebs da gviTxra: _ ymawvilebo, girCevT, SeiZinoT aq samosaxlo adgilebi, exla axlo-maxlo miwa aq Rirs saJeni ramdensame kapeikad, ramdenime wlis Semdeg ki aT Tumnadac aravin mogcemTo. vake maSin warmoadgenda oRro-CoRro udabnos da Cvenc zurgs ukan davcineT moxuc enTuziasts: ras ambobs es adamiani, vis gaugonia aq dasaxleba~.
Tavdapirvelad nikos gadawyvetili hqonia orsarTuliani Senobis ageba, magram, rogorc ityvian, mada WamaSi modiso da Semdeg oTxsarTulianze SeCerebula. megobrebis gadmocemiT, roca fuli Semoeleoda, igi, uwinares yovlisa, daviT sarajiSvils miadgeboda, magram marto amiT ar kmayofildeboda da `Zarcvavda~ yvelas _ Tavadaznaurobas, ilias banks, mdidar vaWrebs, visTanac fuli eguleboda. amis gamo mas xSirad bandits uwodebdnen. iakob mansvetaSvilis gadmocemiT, `marTalia, mas ar hqonda Tan revolveri da jer ver SeCveoda gamoTqmas _ `xelebi zeviT~, magram danarCens sxvas yvelafers, rac xmarebaSi hqondaT namdvil banditebs, nikoloz zebedes-Ze maTze naklebad ar iyenebda. man Seqmna `banditizmis~ iseTi kategoria, romelic Cvens qveyanaSi sTesavda mxolod bednierebasa da sixaruls~.
niko cxvedaZis msxverpli, daviT sarajiSvilTan erTad, konstantine ivanes Ze muxranski da zubalaSvili yofilan. mas saocari niWi hqonia saxsrebis gamonaxvisa. `…visac ki raime qonebas SeamCnevda, _ wers i. mansvetaSvili, _ SeuCndeboda da manam fuls ar gamoaRebinebda, ar moeSveboda. arc erTi SeZlebuli qarTveli ar gadaurCeboda cxvedaZis xarks. CvenSi iqneboda, ruseTSi Tu ucxoeTSi, yvelgan xels miawvdenda, yvelas gamoametebinebda rasme. xerxi icoda, visTan rogor misuliyo, visTvis saidam moevlo~. igi xelcarieli aravisgan brundeboda, magram, miuxedavad amisa, misi es moxerxebuloba sruliadac ar iyo sakmarisi imodena Senobis asagebad. ZiriTadad misi mSenebloba mainc saTavadaznauro bankiT `ikvebeboda~, amitom bankis muSakebi, rogorc mansvetaSvili gadmogvcems, xSirad ujanydebodnen ilia WavWavaZes, Cvens fuls tyuilubralod fantavs da saqmes Tavs ver moabamso. `swored giJia eg viRac cxvedaZea, gadareula, lamis mTeli bankis Semosavali sul im SenobaSi Cagvayrevinoso~, _ gaiZaxodnen isini da ilias sayvedurobdnen, Cven yvelaferze uars gveubnebi, Cveni Svilebi fexSiSvelebi dadian da n. cxvedaZes ki yvelafris uflebas aZlevo. iliac urekavda n. cxvedaZes, modi bankSi krebaze da Tavad gaeci pasuxi am xalxso. nikoc ar daayovnebda, maSinve gamocxaddeboda bankSi da iwyebda `buntovSikebis~ darwmunebas, rom male universitets gagvixsnian da Senoba mzad unda gvqondes, Semdeg naxavT, rogori madlieri damirCebiTo (misi sikvdilis Semdeg, gardaicvala 1911 wels, es marTlac ase moxda). miuxedavad amisa, sazogadoebas 1905 wels jer kidev daumTavrebeli Senobis gayidvac ki ganuzraxavs, magram niko cxvedaZes cocxali TaviT ar daunebebia es saqme. z. WiWinaZisa da al. miqaberiZis gadmocemiT, mas uTqvams: mTel saqarTveloSi yulabebiT Sevagroveb fuls, valebsac gadavixdi da Senobasac davamTavreb, gayidvaze ki xma ar gamagonoTo. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom am SenobaSi momavali universiteti gaimarTebao. amiT zogierTebi mcire xniT mSviddebodnen, magram male igive meordeboda.
aseTi TavganwirviTa da dasaxuli miznisaken Seupovari ltolviT niko cxvedaZem aaSena dRevandeli ivane javaxiSvilis universitetis pirveli korpusi. amitomac uwoda didma iliam mas `niko aRmaSenebeli~. i. mansvetaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi wers: `Tu dRes Cven gvaqvs is saucxoo, diadi Senoba, romelic vakedgan amayad qalaqs dahyurebs da amSvenebs, mters Tvalebs uyenebs da moyvares guls uxarebs, is Senoba, sadac dRes qarTuli universiteti imyofeba _ es unda davumadloT n. cxvedaZes, imis mxneobas, imis erTgulebas, imis Tavis ganwirvas~.
yovelive zemoTqmuli SesaniSnavad gadmogvca poetma valerian gafrindaSvilma leqsSi `niko cxvedaZe~. mkiTxvels vTavazobT am leqsidan sam strofs:
gwamda maradis Cveni qveynis
aRorZineba,
Tumca gvaxrCobda TviTmpyrobelis
xeli sazari.
ver SegaSina usastikes mtrebis ginebam
da gadaswyvite, rom agego codnis
taZari.
Sen TviTeul qvas Sehyurebdi mamis
alersiT,
Sen TviTon gsurda am Senobas qvad
dasdebodi,
kedlebTan erTad _ frTaSesxmuli da
ualesi
zurmuxtovani iveriis zecas
swvdebodi.
ilias hgavdi niadagiT, ZalRoniT savse,
Sen Cveni qveynis bed-iRbali marTla
gjeroda,
neta xedavde, mze viT brwyinavs
samSoblos Tavze,
rogor amodis xe sibrZnisa dargul
Rerodan.
niko cxvedaZe Tavisi qveynisa da xalxis udidesi patrioti iyo. mas Rrmad swamda qarTveli xalxis niWi da misi momavali. amitomac Tavis Zalasa da energias ar zogavda Cveni xalxis sakeTildReod. mas dawyebuli saqme yovelTvis bolomde mihyavda. sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba misi stiqia iyo. aman igi naadrevad imsxverpla.
niko cxvedaZe gardaicvala 1911 wlis 30 oqtombers (12 noembers). dasaflavebulia didubis qarTvel moRvaweTa panTeonSi.
marTalia, universitetis gaxsnas niko ver moeswro, magram Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis mTavar korpuss amSvenebs memorialuri dafa warweriT: `universitetis Senobis aSenebis iniciatori da sulisCamdgmeli ilia WavWavaZe, mSeneblobis komitetis Tavmjdomare niko cxvedaZe, xuroTmoZRvari _ mSenebeli svimon kldiaSvili~.
nodar basilaZe,
pedagogikis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori