ქალაქი, სადაც უსასრულოდ შეიძლება სეირნობა
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 94
baTumis arqiteqtura mudam iwvevda specialistTa Tu rigiTi moqalaqeebis aRfrTovanebas. misi xibli ki mxatvrul stilTa mravalferovnebasa da sinTezSi mdgomareobs. `baTumis arqiteqturis mxatvrul stilTa mravalferovneba, sinTezi da ekleqturoba Senobebis fasadebze gamoxatulebas hpovebs xan msubuqad xan ki sakmaod mkafiod gamovlenili barokuli, renesansuli Tu goTuri motivebi, rasac mogvianebiT enacvleba romantizmiT, adreuli da gviani moderniTa da kon-struqtivizmiT STagonebuli arqiteqturuli nimuSebi. sanapiros mimdebare, Zveli ubnis SedarebiT mokrZalebuli zomis, sisadaviT gamorCeuli nagebobebi xelsayrel fons qmnidnen baTumis centris ufro msxvilmasStabiani nagebobebis `pompezurobis~ warmosaCenad~, – wers Zvel baTumze xelovnebaTmcodne maia WiWileiSvili. misive azriT, garkveuli cvlilebebis miuxedavad, baTumi dRemde inarCunebs zemoqmedebis Zalas: `nagebobaTa ganTavsebis ritmi gansazRvravs adamianis moZraobis SedarebiT mSvid, zomier dinamikas Zveli qalaqis ubnebSi. es Tavisebureba ki imis gancdas ganapirobebs, rom baTumis quCebSi usasrulod SeiZleba seirnoba~…
Tu ras fiqrobs qalaqis amJamindel ier-saxeze, ra miaCnia qalaqis mTavar Rirsebad an naklad da raSi xedavs misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs, am da sxva Temaze saubrobs aWaris kulturis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, aWaris dizainerTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare, damsaxurebuli mxatvari, moqandake, arqiteqtori jimi (jimson) gurgeniZe. gTavazobT masTan intervius:
– daviwyoT baTumis arqiteqturis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebiT. rogoria Cveni qalaqis arqiteqtura dRes?
– baTumis arqiteqtura Zalian sainteresoa imiT, rom moicavs TiTqmis yvela stils, metwilad ki moderns – art-nuvos, romelic xasiaTdeba ovaluri, elastikuri xazebis SetaniT arqiteqturaSi, rac ganumeorebel, STambeWdav plastikas aniWebs fasadebs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ufro Tavisufali arqiteqtura Semovida, romelic SemoqmedebiTi gaqanebis saSualebas aZlevs avtorebs, magram baTumis ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba iyo da aris ekleqtizmi, stilTa narevi, rac Tavisebur xibls sZens Cvens mSobliur qalaqs. gadaxedeT Senobebs, TiTqmis arc erTi maTgani ar aris iseTi (arc Zvel, arc axal ubnebSi), sadac ar naxavT stilTa sinTezs, rac sakmaod harmoniulad erwymis garemos da ar iwvevs araviTar diskomforts. garkveuli cvlilebebis miuxedavad, me-19 me-20 saukuneebis mijnaze Camoyalibebuli arqiteqturuli saxiT urbanuli ganaSenianebis uwyveti dinamika, dabalansebuli sivrciTi daniSnulebis arqiteqturuli ritmi, masStabebis zomiereba da stilisturi mravalferovneba dRemde ganapirobebs baTumis gamomsaxvelobas.
– romeli ubnidan daiwyo qalaqis ganviTareba?
– istoriuli qalaqi gogebaSvilis quCidan k. gamsaxurdias da m. abaSiZis quCidan WavWavaZis quCamde iyo. me-18 saukunidan modis samsarTuliani Senobebi, romlebic mdidrebma aaSenes Zvel ubanSi. Semdeg aiTvises zRvispireTic da Sevidnen qalaqis siRrmeSi. Zmebma zubalaSvilebma kaTolikuri eklesia rom aaSenes, im adgilas xalxi ixvebze dadioda sanadirod. eklesiis mSenebloba kaTolikuri mrevlis iniciativiT, 1897 wels daiwyo. taZris agebaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis im droisTvis saqarTvelos erT-erT yvelaze mdidar komersants stefane zubalaSvils, romelic ar SeuSinda qalaqis meriis gadawyvetilebas da daWaobebul teritoriaze aago eklesia. mogexsenebaT, mTeli venecia kedris ximinjebzea agebuli, romelic cimbiridan CamohqondaT. kedari wyalSi kidev ufro magrdeba da saukuneebs uZlebs, es xerxi gamoiyenes zubalaSvilebmac, kedris saZirkvelze aages taZari da amoaSres mimdebare teritoria. cxadia, qalaqic TandaTan miuaxlovda taZars da warmoiqmna axali ubani. es monakveTi (Zveli baTumi) nakrZalad unda gamocxaddes da TvalisCiniviT gavufrTxildeT, radgan swored am oTx quCas Soris moqceuli teritoriidan daedo saTave amJamindel qalaqs. dameTanxmeT, istoria kvebavs awmyos, xolo maT gareSe momavalic ar iarsebebs. kidev kargi, qalaqma miiRo SezRudvebi – iq aRar aSendeba maRlivi korpusebi da amiT SenarCundeba misi ier-saxe. cxadia, paralelurad unda aRdges Zveli nagebobebis ara mxolod fasadi, aramed SigTavsic.
– arasamTavroboebi xSirad gamodian saxelmwifo struqturebis winaaRmdeg Zveli ubnis rig nagebobaTa Tu ZeglTa dazianebis braldebiT, bevrs ar moswons axali korpusebic…
– diax, yvelaze metad aqtiuroben `baTomis~ warmomadgenlebi. vkamaTob maTTan, zog SemTxvevaSi veTanxmebi, zogSi – ara.
– mainc ra ar mogwonT?
– rac dasangrevia, iSleba da ar warmoadgens arqiteqturul Rirebulebas, 100-wlianic rom iyos, Tu davangrevT, movicilebT Tavidan, amiT gavalamazebT ubans. nu hgoniaT, rom baTumis yvelaze didi patriotebi arian. verc Tqvenze da verc Cemze meti ver iqnebian, iseve, rogorc arc Cven varT maTze meti baTumelebi… rac Seexeba axal ubnebs, simarTle giTxraT, Zalian mixaria mSeneblobis aseTi bumi. gaixseneT studentobis wlebi – qalaqSi dabrunebisas ras xedavdiT maxinjauridan – veliviT gasworebul sivrces da orad-or vertikals: yofil kaTolikur eklesias da james minareTs. axla ki vamayob imiT, rom baTumis naxevarkunZuli urbanul qalaqs, lamis manhetens daemsgavsa. developerebi erTmaneTs ejibrebian, vin ufro maRal nagebobas aagebs.
– ramdenad daSvebulia maRalsarTuliani saxlebiT zRvis sanapiros Caketva? Seiqmna realuri ekologiuri safrTxe, CaixuTa qalaqi.
– ar iketeba qalaqi am korpusebiT. regulirebuli dagegmarebis xasiaTTan erTad, qalaqis arqiteqturul mTlianobas ganapirobebs urbanuli qsovilis uwyveti ganviTareba da ritmi. kvartaluri xasiaTi baTumis arqtiteqturuli sivrcis mTavari niSan-Tvisebaa. anu ise originalurad da Wkvianuradaa qalaqi dagegmili, naxevarkunZulze mdebare yvela quCa zRvasTan gadis. aqedan gamomdinare, aeracia da insolacia ar izRudeba. axal dasaxlebaSi 32-sarTuliani Senobebi aSenda, axla 50-ianic Sendeba delfinariumis win, Zalian lamazi arqiteqturiT. misasalmebelia, rom istoruli ubnis moSorebiT, aeroportisken viTardeba qalaqi. ramdeni korpusi aSenda Dda xom ar vnebs arafers? Zvel ubans movuaroT, xolo axali ukve iseTi ritmiT ivseba da mSvenierdeba, rom aRfrTovanebis meti ra ganwyoba unda gamovxatoT?
– Zvirad Rirebuli mravalsarTuliani saxlebis korpusebis ezoebSi mzis Suqic ver aRwevs. vin amtkicebda msgavs proeqtebs da ratom aZlevdnen aSenebis uflebas?
– aseTi ganukiTxaoba saakaSvilis mmarTvelobis dros iyo. maSin araviTari regulaciebi ar moqmedebda miSas sityvebis garda. mTavari iyo investors fuli Caedo da rac SeiZleba maRali korpusi aeSenebina, sxvas arafers dagidevdnen. miSas mxolod fasadebi ainteresebda. gaixseneT, anbanis koSki – veraviTari datvirTva ver mouZebnes da Zlivs gayides, radgan Zviri ujdeboda qalaqs misi Senaxva. aseTive bedi ewia e.w. biznes-centrs misi SpiliT.
– iqneb kanonmdeblobis Secvlaa saWiro, rom momavalSi kidev ar davrCeT erTi kacis ocnebaTa msxverpli?
– araviTari safrTxe aRar gvemuqreba. ukve arsebobs da mkacrad moqmedebs regulaciebi, romelic akontrolebs, romel zonaSi, zRvispira romel zolSi ra simaRlis Senobis aSenebaa nebadarTuli.
– garaJebi daangries, ramac gamoiwvia transportiT quCebis gadatvirTva…
– sxvaTa Soris, parkingis problema dRemde yvelaze mwvavea, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom qalaqis mmarTvelobis gadawyvetilebiT, parkingis gareSe ar damtkicdeba saxlis proeqti. Aamieridan, keTili inebon da Tavisive nakveTze moawyon Ria an miwisqveSa parkingebi. es ukve win gadadgmuli nabijia.
– ra migaCniaT baTumis arqiteqturis aqilevsis quslad?
– qaosuri, ugemovno mSeneblobis Sedegad, ganukiTxaobis periodSi, marTlac SerCa qalaqs ramdenime nageboba, romelic dasangrevad Zviria, arada, sruliad amaxinjebs baTumis ier-saxes. yofili fostis fasadis ukan im uzarmazari Senobis uadgilod wamoWimva namdvilad mavnebloba iyo. Yyofili cxakaiasa da telmanis quCebze, erTmaneTis mopirdapired aSenebuli maRlivi korpusebic miuRebelia, maT veRar daangreven. cxadia, Teatris win im 5 TormetsarTuliani da erTi 5-sarTuliani saxlis aReba ocnebad SerCeba baTums.
– im xuTsarTuliani saxlis fasadi xom Secvales?
– ki, viTom raRac gakeTes, magram, es igivea, mkvdars gaukeTo makiaJi…
– Zveli baTumis `fasaduri politika~ damRupveli aRmoCnda misi mosaxleobisaTvis. xalxs `komunalkebi~ Tavze engreva, magram patroni ar Cans. Tu ase gagrZelda, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom msxverpli mohyves…
– qalaqis merma laSa komaxiZem Riad ganacxada, rom Caideba investiciebi am ezoebis aTvisebaSi. mkacri regulaciebis dacviT mzaddeba proeqtebi, romelic misaRebi iqneba baTumelebisTvis da konkretuli ubnisTvis. es misasalmebelia, radgan marTlac gausaZlisi mdgomareobaa Zveli baTumis lamazi fasadebis miRma. albaT xalxs gaasaxleben barakebidan da e.w. `komunalkebidan~, binebs miscemen investorebis xarjze.
– visaubroT piradad Tqvens proeqtebze. rogorc baTumeli, romeli maTganiT amayobT yvelaze metad?
– gogebaSvilis da WavWavaZis quCebis kveTaSi elitaruli saxli `odisea~ Cemi daproeqtebulia da Cemi saavtoro zedamxedvelobiTaa aSenebuli. maSin amocanad damisves, rom Senoba unda yofiliyo saTanado stilSi. iciT albaT, Warbi dekoriT, rTuli formebiT, moculobebiT… mgoni, harmoniulad Cajda garemoSi, esadageba Zveli baTumis arqiteqturas. Aaseve, Cemi proeqtis mniSvnelovani realizaciaa inasariZis quCis bolos 18-sarTuliani korpusi, romlis siluetic afras mogagonebT. es ukve Tanamedrove arqiteqturaa. investori memadliereba, binebis gayidvis problema ar maqvs, fasadis gamo bevri irCevs aq binebso. Zvel baTumSi ori sastumro maqvs daproeqtebul-aSenebuli (saiaTnovasa da quTaisis quCebis kveTaSi). amJamad vaproeqteb sastumros firosmanis quCaze, kotejs waRverSi da a.S. aseve Cemi Seqmnilia dramatuli Teatris fasadze bareliefi – niRbebis Tematika (vanis gaTxrebSi napovni niRbebis analogi). iqve, ukana fasadze, feradi minis vitraJia fardis Temaze… ratomRac moSlas apireben da guli mtkiva.
– ra mogwonT da ra ar mogwonT qalaqis dRevandelobaSi, romeli ubania met-naklebad gegmazomierad ganviTarebuli?
– firosmani-Serif ximSiaSvilis quCebi da mimdebare teritoria. iq iseTi arqiteqturuli garemo Seiqmna, iseTi qsovili Camoyalibda, rom developerebi erTmaneTs ejibrebian proeqtebis originalurobasa da simdidreSi. mSeneblobebs ZiriTadad cnobili samSeneblo kompania `orbi~ axorcielebs. gegmazomierad viTardeba es ubani, regulaciebis dacviT. gansakuTrebiT swrafad iTviseben Sartavas prospeqts – iusticiis saxlis gagrZelebaze mdebare kvartalebs. mis RerZze kidev sportuli skola da stadioni aSendeba da marTlac grandiozuli arqiteqturuli ansambli Seiqmneba.
– ras SecvlidiT qalaqSi, Tqven rom baTumis meri iyoT – yofili fostis ukan mdebare `yazarmas~ da TeatrTan 12-ian da 5-sarTulian saxlebs daangrevdiT?
– 12-ianebs araferi eSveleba, xolo yofil fostas rac Seexeba, mis mopirdapired, yofili afTiaqis fasadis ukanac igive masStabis Senobas aRvmarTavdi da harmoniuli sivrce Seiqmneboda. ise aRar iqneboda amovardnili garemodan. TeatrTan mdebare 5-sarTulian saxls ki win sakmaod didi farTi aqvs. SeiZleba swored iq miaSeno sruliad axali fasadi da gaalamazo qalaqis centri. yvelafris gakeTeba SeiZleba, Tu saTanadod moindomeb.
– ras niSnavs TqvenTvis baTumeloba?
– es ar niSnavs mxolod biografias, baTumeloba Seni Sinagani ganwyobaa, cxovrebis wesia. zurabma Tqva, gorgilaZem, baTumels agvistoSi SvebulebaSi gasvlis ufleba ar aqvs, stumrebs unda daxvdeso… an `wvimiani mzianeTi~, es gamoTqma gaixseneT da misi avtori ali samsonia… aseTi xalxi, aseTi baTumelebi gvyavda, maTTan sworeba ar aris ioli. isev arsebobs baTumelTa e.w. akademia `stekliaSkaSi~, isev davdivarT iq da yvelam icis, rom SemTxveviTi adamiani ver moxvdeba ZirZveli baTumelebis wreSi. CvenTan yvela Rvawlmosili adamiani ikribeba… baTumeloba CemTvis movaleobaa, makisria vicavde qalaqs da vizruno mis ganviTareba-galamazebaze. sxvaTa Soris, intensiurad vmuSaob qandakebebze. Cemi bolo namuSevrebia egnate ninoSvilis biusti, ninoSvilis quCis dasawyisSi daidga da Teimuraz maxaraZesTan TanaavtorobiT javaxiSvilis quCaze gmirTa memoriali, Seqmnili maqvs enver xabaZis, ali samsonias qandakebebi… mokled, vqmni Cveni Rvawlmosili qalaqelebis galereas. uaxloes droSi movawyob personalur gamofenas da Cems namuSevrebs baTumelTa samsjavroze gamovitan.
– gisurvebT warmatebebs!
