საპროცენტო განაკვეთის შემცირება – სიღარიბის დაძლევის ერთი ეტაპი
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
`Savi siidan~ moqalaqeTa daxsnis dapirebam `qarTul ocnebas~ sasurveli kandidatis prezidentad gasayvanad xmebi Semata. am partiis fuZemdeblis mier daarsebulma fondma `qarTum~ daiwyo kidec valebis ganulebis procesi. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, am SemTxvevaSi `ocnebam~ marTlac auxdina ocneba uimedod darCenil, maRal saprocento sabanko kreditebSi gaxlarTul moqalaqeebs, romlebic verc ki warmoidgendnen, Tuki ase erTbaSad, Tanac umtkivneulod moiSorebdnen uZilo Rameebis, gaRatakebuli, ulukmapurod darCenili ojaxebis Zireul mizezs. Tumca, cxadia, ver ascda oponentebis kritikas. maT ahyvnen skeptikurad ganwyobili is moqalaqeebi, romlebic ar iyvnen am ybadaRebul `Sav siaSi~ da gawbilebulebi darCnen, rom ver CaerTnen sixarulis ferxulSi. am Temaze bevri ram SeiZleba vTqvaT, magram vfiqrob, umjobesia profesionalis Tvalsazrisi, risTvisac moviwvieT kidec ekonomisti paata aroSiZe. gTavazobT masTan intervius.
– batono paata, daiwyo valebis ganulebis jer arnaxuli procesi, rasac ver warmoidgenda yvelaze didi meocnebec ki…
– SeiZleba iTqvas, mTeli 2018 wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac premieri Seicvala, saubrobdnen im mosaxleobis ricxvis Semcirebaze, romelic kreditebis gamo aRmoCnda gamouval finansur mdgomareobaSi. am nabijiT `qarTulma ocnebam~ garkveulwilad daiwyo ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcieleba, razec axla laparakobs premier-ministri. rogorc viciT, postze mosvlisTanave, man xisti politika daiWira bankebisa da safinanso institutebis mimarT da am politikis erT-erTi mizani iyo kreditebze damokidebulebis Semcireba. swored amas mohyva fondi `qarTus~ gancxadeba valebis da gadauxdeli kreditebis Sesaxeb, rac gaaCnia saqarTvelos mosaxleobis lamis umetes nawils. TiTqos axlaxan daiwyo es procesi da sami miliardi laris vali TiTqmis ganulebulia. dameTanxmeT, es marTlac ar aris cudi, imis miuxedavad, rom am procesma gamoiwvia sxvadasxva Sefaseba, kerZod, rom es iyo populisturi nabiji, winasaarCevno mosyidva…
– piradad Tqven rogor fiqrobT?
– raki es yvelaferi gakeTda saprezidento arCevnebis meore turis win, cxadia, asec SeiZleba ifiqro, magram Tu aqve gavixseneb imas, rom mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi saubari iyo mosaxleobis kreditunarianobis amaRlebaze, maSin CaiTvleba, rom `Savi siidan~ moqalaqeebis gamoTavisufleba, sabanko saprocento ganakveTebis Semcireba da sxva regulaciebi, romelic 1 ianvridan Seva ZalaSi, siRaribis daZlevis programis erT-erTi etapia. yvelaferi es erTian speqtrSi unda aRviqvaT, rasac safinanso-sabanko regulaciebis daweseba hqvia. am SemTxvevaSi ar moxdeba valebis ganulebis procesis erTiani konteqstidan amogleja da am keTilSobiluri aqciis daumsaxurebeli, Seuracxmyofeli epiTetebiT damZimeba.
– Tu SeiZleba, ganmarteT, ra tipis regulaciebi amoqmeddeba pirveli ianvridan?
– bankebs SeezRudebaT kreditebis nebismier pirze gacema. sesxis aRebis msurvelma unda daadasturos sakuTari Semosavlebi da banki valdebuli iqneba, maqsimalurad zustad gaaanalizos da Seafasos riskebi. magaliTad, Tuki adamians 300 lari hqonda xelfasi da SeeZlo 3000-is uproblemod aReba, dRes aravin darTavs amis nebas.
– es xom isev im moqalaqeebis ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevs, romlebic axla sixaruliT Sehyureben vali.ji-s reestrs?
– swored amis gamo moxvda Cveni moqalaqeebis 95% am siaSi, rom yovelgvari analizis da Semowmebis gareSe miiRo Tanxa, romlis gadaxdis unaric ar Seswevda. cxadia, es regulaciebi ara mxolod bankebis, moqalaqeebis ukmayofilebasac gamoiwvevs, magram Tu imasac gavixsenebT, sabolood ra viTarebaSi vardeboda pirovneba am kreditebis procentebis gadafarvis gamo, maSin sul sxva pozitiur suraTs miviRebT.
– onlainsesxebis gacemis wesi iseTive darCeba?
– mikrosafinanso organizaciebidan kreditebis miRebis miznobrioba praqtikulad ar dasturdeboda. imedia, maTi saqmianobac CarCoebSi moeqceva bankebTan erTad da aqedan gamomdinare, TavisTavad Semcirdeba kreditebis gamo ukidures gaWirvebaSi aRmoCenili mosaxleobis ricxvi. vimeoreb – erTian speqtrSi unda aRviqvaT valebis ganuleba, kreditebis gacemis SezRudva, axali regulaciebi da a.S.
– maSin Cvenc gavagrZeloT ocneba da mivyveT am sqemas – kidev ras unda velodoT, albaT, sabanko procentebze zRvaris dawesebas?
– ki, batono, esec erT-erTi mimarTuleba iqneba, albaT. saprocento ganakveTis Semcireba aucilebelia, radgan saqarTveloSi samomxmareblo an biznessesxebze 2-3-jer metia procenti, vidre evropis an Tundac postsabWoTa qveynebSi, rac zRudavs biznesis ganviTarebas. warmoidgineT, amJamad saqarTveloSi ar aris banki, romelic startaps daafinansebs. aqve minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno – Cven Sors unda viyoT im azrisgan, rom axali saxelmwifo regulaciebis SemoRebiT erTbaSad moevleba mosaxleobis problemebs, magram isic pozitiuria, rom saxelmwifo am etapze sakuTari TamaSis wesebs awesebs sabanko-safinanso seqtorTan mimarTebaSi, Tumca arc es aris 1 an 2 wlis procesi. gadavxedoT axlo warsuls da gavixsenoT, rom jer kidev 2017 wels daiwyo xelisuflebam am kuTxiT svla dedolarizaciis procesiT. maSin moqalaqeebs SesTavazes SeemcirebinaT dolarze damokidebuleba da ucxouri valutiT aRebuli sesxebi larebSi gadaeyvanaT. bevrma ar isargebla am SeTavazebiT, magram vinc gamoiyena SesaZlebloba – moigo, radgan dolaris kursis zrda larebSi dafiqsirebul mis sesxs ar Seexo.
– saprocento ganakveTis gansazRvris SemTxvevaSi Tu moakldeba gadasaxadi ukve maRal procentSi aRebul kreditebs. arian adamianebi, romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tavs ver aRweven amxela procentebs, valiT vals ixdian da finansur piramidaSi exvevian, romelic sabolood abankrotebs maT.
– Tuki es procesi daiwyeba, albaT, yvelas Seexeba. ar vici, jer yvelaferi saubrebis donezea. maSin erovnulma bankma saTanado regulaciebi unda SemoiRos… sxvaTa Soris, erovnuli da ucxouri valutebis kursis mkveTri cvlilebebis miuxedavad, erovnuli banki garkveulwilad axerxebs, ar gazardos monetaruli ganakveTi, romelic iyo 7%-ze da axla mxolod 7.5%-zea asuli. Sesabamisad, didad ar momatebia gadasaxadi im pirebs, vinc monetarul ganakveTzea mibmuli…. da Tuki erovnuli banki SesZlebs saprocento ganakveTze barieris dawesebas, Zalian kargi iqneba. sxvaTa Soris, moqalaqeebis samomxmareblo sesxebis garda, es unda Seexos biznessac, radgan sxva mxriv, CvenTan mewarmeoba ver ganviTardeba. dabali saprocento ganakveTi biznesis warmatebis mTavari pirobaa.
– xom aZleven startapebs mcire sesxebs?
– am kuTxiT saxelmwifo programebicaa amoqmedebuli, magram es arafers wyvets. seriozuli biznesgegmiT bankSi misvla aravis mouva azrad, radgan icis, rom ar daafinanseben. cxadia, banks urCevnia ukve moqmedi da gamocdili biznesi daafinansos, vidre idea. saqarTveloSi moqalaqeTa ZiriTadi nawili bankebzea damokidebuli, amitomac safinanso resursebze xelmisawvdomoba sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania.
– Tavidanve yvela banki ar CaerTo valebis ganulebis procesSi. ram ganapiroba es?
– diax, Tavis droze `vivusma~ uari ganacxada da sxvebic Tavs ikavebdnen. es ufro politikuri nabiji iyo – unda gaviTvaliswinoT maTi damfuZneblebi. isini akvirdebodnen saarCevno situacias. Tuki opoziciis kandidati gaimarjvebda, maSin umetesoba uars ganacxadebda aqciaSi monawileobaze da gamovidoda, rom fondi, romelic xelisuflebasTan asocirdeboda, ver asrulebda da-pirebas. aravis gaaxsendeboda, pirobaSi gawerili rom iyo – bankebi da safinanso institutebi sakuTari nebiT unda wamosuliyvnen garigebaze, anu krizisis Seqmnis mcdeloba gamovidoda, vadamdeli saparlamento arCevnebis mowyobis mizniT. dResdReobiT yvelaferi dalagda da yvela daTanxmda valebis ganulebis RonisZiebaSi monawileobas.
– valebis ganulebis process bevri ukmayofileba mohyva, iseve, rogorc finansur amnistias, sityvebiT: `me ra davaSave, keTilsindisieri gadamxdeli rom var~…
– finansuri amnistiebi jer kidev 2005 wlidan daiwyo, magram amiT bevrs aravis usargeblia im periodSi, radgan saxelmwifo institutebis mimarT ndobis faqtori dabali iyo. amdenad, im finansur amnistiebs ar mohyolia is Sedegebi, mTavroba rom imedovnebda. rac Seexeba `keTilsindisier gadamxdelebs~, pirvel rigSi is unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom am aqcias ar axorcielebs saxelmwifo, valebis ganuleba kerZo fondma iTava, ris gamoc ver mivuTiTebT, vis ramdeni da ratom unda gadauxados. aseTive protestis grZnoba SeiZleba gauCndes moqalaqes, Tu ratom ar Casves C hepatitis eliminaciis programaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom ar sWirs araferi. ram gamoiwvia am moqalaqeebis ukmayofileba? iman, rom ar arian `Sav siaSi~?! am kriteriumebs aravin ukvirdeba…
– isev sabanko sistemis maRal procentebs davubrundeT. ratom arian ase galaRebuli qarTuli bankebi da ratom yvlefen ganukiTxavad saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, nuTu ar unda arsebobdes raRac zRvari?
– 20-mde komerciuli bankia saqarTveloSi da maTgan 4 gansazRvravs saprocento ganakveTs. marTalia, oficialurad maT ara aqvT lideris statusi, magram bazari uWiravT da iq atareben sakuTar politikas, riTac dominireben kidec am sistemaSi. gaixsneT, yvela Cveni xelisufleba loialurad eqceoda maT, radgan bankirebi gansazRvraven qveynis politikur Tu ekonomikur aminds. ase xdeba ara mxolod CvenTan, aramed nebismier qveyanaSi. arsebobs bankebis Zalaufleba, rasac ver gaveqceviT Tanamedrove samyaroSi. saqarTveloSi samomxmareblo sesxebis garda, arsebobs biznes Tu politikuri interesebi. amitomac, Cveni bankebi cdiloben ar CamorCnen procesebs, ris gamoc iCagreba rigiTi moqalaqe. problema swored es aris da amitomac arc erT xelisuflebas ar gadaudgams bankebis sawinaaRmdego radikaluri nabijebi, aravis ucdia maTi Zalauflebis Tu madis Sekveca. axla rac xdeba, xelisuflebis mokrZalebuli mcdelobaa.
– am mcdelobiT xelisufleba mosaxleobas exmareba kreditebisgan Tavis daRwevaSi Tu bankebs – dakarguli kreditebis dabrunebaSi?
– gaaCnia, rogor SevxedavT am sqemas. moqalaqes vali gaunules, xolo banks sakuTari fuli daubrunes. am `mcdelobaSi~ vgulisxmob, rom bankebs ukve daegzavnaT Setyobineba, rom SesaZlebelia mkacri regulaciebis daweseba.
– ra migaCniaT qveynis ekonomikur CixSi moqcevis mTavar mizezad?
– Cven varT ara mwarmoebeli, aramed samomxmareblo qveyana. Cvenma mewarmeebma ver isargebles evrokavSirTan Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekrulebiTac ki, romelic gzas uxsnis qarTul produqcias evropis bazarze, radgan verc xarisxiT da verc raodenobiT daakmayofiles evropis moTxovnebi. oriod wlis win saubari iyo, rom `nestle~ Semovidoda CvenTan da didi raodenobiT Txils Caibarebda, magram es unda yofiliyo uwyveti procesi. mogexsenebaT, ra daemarTa Cvens Txils. farosana ar aris gamamarTlebeli mizezi. igive xdeba citrusovanTa nayofis mimarTac. soflis meurneobis produqtiT sakuTar bazarsac sami-oTxi TviT Tu vakmayofilebT, Semdeg importiorebis Semotanil produqciaze gadavdivarT. qarxana-fabrikebis aSenebaze iyo saubari, magram maRali kvalifikaciis sainJinro ganaTlebis adamianebi ukve aRarc gvyavs da vis davasaqmebT iq, ucxoelebs? ekologiurad sufTa produqtis warmoebac ar ZalgviZs, araTu manqana-danadgarebis. 2 miliardze meti daixarja mcire sesxebiT da daxmarebebiT, riTac soflis meurneobis aRmSeneblobas gegmavdnen, magram 90-ian wlebSi daqucmacebuli miwis nakveTebiT ver Seqmni saTanado simZlavris fermerul meurneobebs, kooperativebis Camoyalibebis ideamac ver gamoiRo saTanado Sedegi. mokled, aq sul sxva saxis ekonomikuri berketebi unda amoqmeddes, raTa sabolood miviRoT is, rac amdeni aTwleulia, veranairi reformiT ver SevZeliT.
