ვალი ჯობია თუ სიკვდილი?
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ukve aRar gvikvirs, TviTmkvlelobis SemTxvevas rom gavigebT pirad Tu oficialur informaciebSi. saqarTveloSi am kuTxiT prevenciis samsaxuri jerac ar Camoyalibebula, radgan, rogorc acxadeben, sakmao xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Tumca, arc isaa urigo, rom TandaTan imata specialistebis ricxvma, rac TavisTavad gvaZlevs imeds, rom am kuTxiTac daiwyeba reformebi.
albaT paradoqsia, magram msoflio donis eqspertebis gancxadebiT, iseT qveynebSi, sadac cxovrebis araxelsayreli pirobebia, SedarebiT mcirea TviTmkvlelTa ricxvi. es gvaimedebs, magram xandaxan mainc gavaanalizoT, ra xdeba Cvens sazogadoebaSi, risi unda gveSinodes da ras mivaqcioT yuradReba Tuki axlobels suicidaluri qmedebisken midrekilebas SevamCnevT. isic gavixsenoT, rom TviTmkvleloba, rogorc fenomeni, yovelTvis iwvevda mkvlevarTa interess. istoriaSi suicidis faqtebi jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamdea aRwerili. rogorc wesi, sicocxles dadebiT konteqstSi moixsenieben, sikvdili ki tragikul movlenad miiCneva. amis miuxedavad, statistika mowmobs, rom zogierTisTvis sikvdili sicocxlisgan Tavis daRwevis saSualebaa, rasac sxvadasxva mizezi aqvs. erT-erTis mixedviT, yvela suicidis sami urTierTdakavSirebuli aracnobieri safuZvelia SurisZieba-siZulvili (mkvlelobis survili); depresia-sasowarkveTa (sikvdilis survili) da codvianobis gancda (survili, rom mkvdari iyos).
am sakiTxis ufro detaluri gaanalizebisTvis, interviu vTxoveT fsiqiatr-klinikoss, froidis daarsebuli fsiqoanalitikuri asociaciis wevrobis kandidats, analitikur fsiqoTerapevts nona nakaSiZes
– zogadad, msoflioSi suicidis maCvenebeli izrdeba. vici im qveynebis statistika, sadac funqcionirebs am problemis gadasaWrelad mobilizebuli mTeli instituciebi. isini atareben kvlevebs, gamokiTxvebs, monitorings, aRweras da a.S. rac TavisTavad iZleva garkveul Sedegs. saqarTveloSi msgavsi araferi xdeba da cxadia, ver viqnebiT bolomde garkveuli verc statistikaSi da verc zogad mdgomareobaSi. es Zalian samwuxaroa im fonze, roca msoflioSi yovelwliurad 80 aTasi adamiani anu yovel 40 wamSi erTi adamiani amTavrebs sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT. isic gaiTvaliswineT, rom oficialur statistikaSi mxolod TvalsaCino SemTxvevebi iricxeba. TviTmkvlelTa realuri ricxvi 2-4-jer aRemateba oficialur monacemebs da 1 600 aTasidan 3 200 aTasamde meryeobs.
cnobisaTvis: msoflio jandacvis organizacia suicidis maCveneblebis mixedviT qveynebs sam jgufad hyofs: maRali da Zalian maRali maCvenebeli – 20 adamianze meti 100 000 mcxovrebze; saSualo – 10-20 adamiani 100 000 mcxovrebze da dabali – 10 adamianamde. am ukanasknelSi Sedis germania, Sveicaria, didi britaneTi, israeli, italia, saberZneTi, somxeTi, saqarTvelo, yirgizeTi, uzbekeTi.
– rogorc cnobilia, arian adamianebi, romlebic TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobas iyeneben Sirmad, e.w. speqtakls marTaven miznis misaRwevad.
– zogadad, ganasxvaveben suicidur qcevas da ganxorcielebul suicids. es ori sxvadasxva ram aris, maTSi marTlac arsebobs `manipulaciuri motivebi~ (terminia aseTi), magram ar SeiZleba misi ugulebelyofa. am dros unda vufrTxildeT axloblebis, specialistebis, ojaxis wevrebis mxridan ganmkiTxav-Semfasebel-damadanaSaulebel kvalifikacias, radgan SesaZloa vubiZgoT adamians kidev ufro Caiketos im problemebSi, romlis gamoc iyo sasowarkveTili. mxardaWeris gareSe da marto darCenis SiSiT, mas problemebis gadauwyvetlobis imdenad mZafri gancdebi hqonda, rom erTaderT gzad, samwuxarod, suicidi moifiqra. udavoa, surda rogorme egrZnoT, daenaxaT mis irgvliv myofT es da daxmarebodnen… anu bevri qvetipebi SeiZleba CamovTvaloT, sadac ikveTeba sayuradRebo momentebi.
– amboben, mozardebSi ufro xSiria suicidi yuradRebis miqcevis mizniT.
– diax, mozardebi ufro mimarTaven am qmedebas, rasac hqvia `warumatebeli suicidi~. bavSvi mimarTavs suicids, arada mas sikvdilis survilic ara aqvs gaTviTcnobierebuli, araTu am qmedebis Sedegi.
– ratom midis mainc da mainc am gziT?
– ver akontrolebs problemas an ver itans tkivils, romlis pirispir aRmoCnda. ver uZlebs Zaladobas an fsiqologiur zewolas, romlis msxverplic gaxda. swored am dros mimarTavs warumatebel suicids, anu iZleva sagangaSo signals – damexmareT! SesaZloa, ubralo, impulsur, gauazrebel SemTxvevasTanac gvqondes saqme. saTanado yuradRebis da specialistebis Carevis gareSe, isic araa gamoricxuli, rom sabolood mainc moiklas Tavi da aRar misces miniSneba axloblebs gadarCenis mizniT. arasrulwlovanebis mier TviTmkvlelobisa da misi mcdelobis SemTxvevaTa ganmapirobebel faqtorebs Soris aris misi interesebis ugulebelyofa, dagvianebuli fsiqologiuri Tu emociuri mxardaWera da riskis qveS myofisTvis efeqtiani, fsiqologiuri servisis miwodeba.
– suicidis didi nawili TviTmkvlelobis ramdenjerme mcdelobas moicavs…
– aris ganmeorebiTi mcdelobebic, rac suiciduri qmedebis erT-erT kriteriumad moixsenieba. dakvirvebuli Tvali am dros SeamCnevs gamoxatul riskebs adamianis qcevaSi.
– axalgazrdebSi ufro xSiria TviTmkvleloba Tu xandazmulebSi da ra mizezi dominirebs?
– sxvadasxva asakSi sxvadasxva statistikaa, Tumca ase gancalkeveba saqarTveloSi ar xdeba. rac Seexeba mizezs, cxadia, TiToeuli SemTxveva individualurad unda ganvixiloT. mozardebSi xSiria mikrosociumis zewola, Zaladoba. umravles SemTxvevaSi mainc – arasasurveli garemo, matramvirebeli situacia, gausaZlisi mdgomareoba.
– siyvarulis gamoc xom aris suicidis SemTxvevebi?
– siyvaruls rasac veZaxiT, aq SeiZleba pirovnebis Rrma fsiqologiuri krizisi aRmovaCinoT an mitovebulobis, cxovrebis dasasrulis gancda, roca mozards uxdeba cud azrebTan, cxovrebis cud interpretaciasTan Sejaxeba. am dros sakuTari resursiT ver umklavdeba problemas da sikvdils mimarTavs. iSviaTad vxvdebiT, magram aris mrisxanebis motivic, roca dasjisTvisac mimarTavs TviTmkvlelobas, magram erTmniSvnelovnad, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda gavarkvioT, dgas Tu ara daavadeba, fsiqologiuri aSlilobiT gamowveuli simptomatika nebismieri msgavsi qmedebis ukan. suicidi xSir SemTxvevaSi depresiuli aSlilobis Tanmxlebia, romlis ukanac dgas Zlieri sasowarkveTileba, cxovrebis gagrZelebis motivaciis uqonloba, sasicocxlo draivebis deficiti da a.S. xdeba TviTmkvlelobebi krizisis momentSic, rac impulsuria. es dasaSvebia maSin, roca adamiani kargavs cxovrebiseuli stresuli situaciebis gamklavebis unars, ganicdis finansur problemebs, qronikul tkivils, avadmyofobas, axlobel adamianTan ganSorebas.
– zogjer suiciduri qcevebi asocirdeba konfliqtebTan, stiqiur ubedurebebTan, izolaciis grZnobasTan, danakargTan…
– suicidi SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizeziT iyos gamowveuli, magram maT Soris yvelaze xSiria depresia, sircxvili, danaSaulis gancda, gausaZlisi fizikuri tkivili, emociuri gadatvirTva, aRelveba, finansuri problemebi. TviTmkvlelobis maCveneblebi Zalian maRalia mowyvlad jgufebSi, romlebic diskriminacias ganicdian, ltolvilebsa da migrantebSi, aseve, patimrebSi…
– arian pirebi, romlebic ojaxis materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT iklaven Tavs. amiT valebisgan aTavisufleben ojaxs da es gmirobis tolfasad Tu ara, did Tavganwirvad miaCniaT.
– suicidis mimarT sazogadoebas gaaCnia ambivalenturi anu sxvadasxva damokidebuleba – ormagi standarti. magaliTad, suicidi erTmniSvnelovnad Zalian negatiuri movlenaa, destruqciuli da yvelaze tragikuli gadawyvetileba, riTac adamiani Tavs izianebs, xolo irgvliv myofT uzarmazar tkivils ayenebs. amasTan, SesaZloa mas hqondes axsna. mokled rom vTqvaT, arsebobs aseTi konteqstic, magram es xom fsevdo-pozitiuri, kidev ufro problematuri gadawyvetilebaa. es azri sazogadoebis mxridan unda gaanalizdes, gaxdes msjelobis sagani, radgan roca adamiani am gadawyvetilebamde midis, faqtia, rom igi veRar akontrolebs situacias. mas aqvs gancda, rom ver gaumklavdeba problemas, gaaCnia Zlieri danaSaulis, sircxvilis grZnoba ojaxis mimarT, sakuTar cud azrebze gamklavebis kontrols kargavs, mudmivad tanjavs azri: `es ra gavakeTe, ra damemarTa, veRarafers Sevcvli~ da a.S. ar gamovricxav imas, rom igive ojaxidanac elis dadanaSaulebas da amitomac… garbis. xdeba isec, rom materialur gasaWirSia da suicidi am dros tkivilTan gamklavebis gauazrebeli gzaa. imas ar fiqrobs, rogor datovebs ojaxs, romlis gadasarCenad am nabijze midis, ramxela tkivils ayenebs igive col-Svils… unda daisvas sazogadoebaSi sakiTxi: vali jobia Tu sikvdili?
– teroristebi da suicidi rogor ganixileba?
– simarTle giTxraT, es imdenad sensitiuri Temaa, rom miWirs laparaki. terorizmi Cveni saukunis yvelaze didi problemaa. rogor SeiZleba adamianis goneba ise warmarTo, ise gadaagvaro, rom sakuTar TavTan erTad sxva udanaSaulo adamianebis mokvla SeZlos? es borotebaa da am konteqstSi masze yuradRebis gamaxvileba ar mimaCnia mizanSewonilad.
– xdeba isec, rom adamianebi uSualod TviTmkvlelobas ar mimarTaven da narkotikebiT, alkoholiT iwamlaven Tavs raRac periodis ganmavlobaSi. qarTvelebSi loToba dakavSirebulia warumatebel adamianTan da is yovelTvis gariyuli rCeba sazogadoebisagan, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mas reabilitaciis saSualebasac ar aZleven…
– amas parasuicidi ewodeba da marTlac gavrcelebulia Cvens sazogadoebaSi. saerTod, suicidi imdenad mravalSriania, rogori multifaqtorulicaa Tavad sazogadoeba, ase rom, erT interviuSi yvela aspeqts ver CaatevT. adamianebis qcevebsac, maTSi warmoqnil problemebze pasuxs martivad ver aRvwerT, magram unda gavixsenoT, rom pirovnebas aqvs sicocxlis Zlieri instinqti, motivacia, survili, maxasiaTeblebi. unda movZebnoT cxovrebasTan gasamklavebeli Zala, raTa viyoT bednierebi da warmatebiT vaSenoT piradi cxovreba, ojaxi, sazogadoeba, kariera da a.S. magram arsebobs Cvenive mikrosamyaroSi Cadebuli destruqciuli Zalebic, romelic uars gvaTqmevinebs e.w. naTel cxovrebaze da gvibiZgebs igive narkomaniisa Tu alkoholis Zalumad gamoyenebisken. aseT dros adamiani gaurbis sazogadoebas, sadac misi qceva negatiuradaa Sefasebuli da sabolood erTianad ingreva da nadgurdeba. xdeba isec, rom aqeTken midian is adamianebi, romlebic ver umklavdebian arsebul realobas da Tavs afareben moCvenebiTobas. amis Semdeg isini hipertrofirebulad, utrirebulad aRiqvamen problemebs, romelsac adre ver ereodnen. zogjer am periodSi Zlierdeba maTi depresiuli foni, rasac SfoTva emateba da mTavrdeba suicidiT.
– saSualo asakis krizisis drosac xdeba TviTmkvlelobebi.
– Tavad asakis krizisi diagnozi ar aris, ubralod, am dros SeiZleba adamians gaumZafrdes depresiuli tipis fsiqologiuri aSlilobebi. suiciduri qcevac erT-erTi simptomia.
– rogor unda SevniSnoT adamians suicidisken midrekileba, riTi davexmaroT?
– suicidisken midrekileba SeimCneva destruqciuli qcevebis meSveobiT – adamiani icvleba, zogjer mieZaleba alkohols, aRar ainteresebs sakuTari janmrTeloba, momavali. mas axasiaTebs zogadi xelCaqneuloba, xSirad anadgurebs warsulis mogonebebs, werilebs Tu nivTebs. msgavsi qmedebebi ukve signalia. roca adamiani mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba, daTrgunulia, aucileblad unda miaqcion yuradReba axloblebma da saswrafod specialists mimarTon. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda ganixiloT misi saqcieli, gansajoT igi. unda agrZnobinoT, rom mas ar uyureben rogorc damnaSaves an susts, aramed igi uyvarT, afaseben da misi imedi aqvT.
