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ქვეყნის ბიზნესრეიტინგი და რიგითი მოქალაქეები
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
biznesreitingis zrdam qveynis masmedia aalaparaka. saerTaSoriso donis eqspertebi da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
aRfrTovanebiT gvesaubrebian miRweul Sedegebze da gvisuraTxateben saqarTvelos ekonomikur perspeqtivebs. ras niSnavs es reitingi, vin gansazRvra Cveni adgili da ras umzadebs siaxle rigiT moqalaqeebs, amaze saubrobs interviuSi baTumis navigaciis saswavlo universitetis profesori Tengiz afxazava
– batono Tengiz, ufro konkretulad, ra reitingsa da winsvlazea saubari?
– sareitingo saagentom “ფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”-ma Tebervlis bolos saqarTvelos suverenuli sakredito reitingi erTi niSnuliT gaaumjobesa.
– nuTu es erTi niSnuli aseTi mniSvnelovania?
– aqamde qveyanas BBბბ kategoria hqonda miniWebuli, gaumjobesebis Sedegad aqvs reitingi BBბბ minusis gareSe, ganviTarebis perspeqtiva ki stabilurad Sefasda. Tavad F”ფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”-i adgens reitingebs da Sefasebis sakuTari sistema aqvs. ABა) ბ) ც) დ). pirveli niSnavs umaRles kategorias, xolo – bolo uRatakess. am maCvenebliT Cven gadavinacvleT 46 qveyanaSi me-18-dan me-16 adgilze, rac niSnavs, rom liderebi varT Cvens qvemoT myof saxelmwifoTa Soris. evropis palatis gamocemis Tanaxmad, Cven sakmaod kreditunarian qveynad viqeciT. aqve aRvniSnav, rom ori wliT adre, 2017 wlis seqtemberSi, `didi sameulis~ meore wevrma sareitingo saagento “მუდის”-ma amave kategoriis reitingSi saqarTvelo BAბ)ა)3-dan BAბ)ა)2-mde daawinaura.
– ras warmoadgens es `didi sameuli~?
– mogexsenebaT, sakredito reitingis miniWeba maRali, koncentrirebuli industriaa. saerTaSoriso bazris 95%-s ki sami kompania akontrolebs, romlebsac `did sameuls~ uwodeben. misi wevrebia: F”ფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”, M”მუდის” da “სტანდარტ & ფურ’ს”-i. TiToeuli maTgani adgens rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise nacionalur reitingebs aTobiT qveynisa da asobiT saxelmwifo Tu kerZo safinanso da arasafinanso kompaniebisaTvis. Sefasebis skala TiTqmis erTnairia, Tumca garkveulwilad gansxvavebulia miznobrioba da meTodologia.
mokled FF”ფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”-is Sesaxeb
F”ფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”-ი Sedis Fფაიტჩ jgufis SemadgenlobaSi “ფაიტჩ სოლუშიონს”-sa da F “Fფაიტჩ Lლეარნინგ”-Tan erTad. kompania 1913 wels daarsda. Fitch Ratings-i, Tavisi sareitingo skalis mixedviT, 3100 safinanso instituts, 1600 banks, 1400 sadazRvevo kompanias, 1200 korporacias, 89 saxelmwifosa da
45 000 municipalitets afasebs. saagentoSi 2000-ze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli. “Fფაიტჩ რეიტინგს”-is saerTaSoriso reitingebSi aris kreditunarianobis umaRlesi Sefaseba, rac imas niSnavs, rom am SemTxvevaSi sakredito riskebi yvelaze dabalia. es kategoria mxolod maSin gaicema, Tu finansuri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis unari gansakuTrebulad maRalia.
BBB ბბბ aris kreditunarianobis kargi maCvenebeli, romelsac Tan axlavs im momentisTvis sakredito riskebis dabali albaToba da finansuri valdebulebebis droulad Sesruleba.
sakredito reitingi afasebs kompaniis, regionis (municipalitetis) an qveynis kreditunarianobas (valis dabrunebis unars).
– gamodis, Cveni qveyana Sefasda rogorc kreditunariani. adre rogori iyo?
– Tqveni gazeTis meSveobiT araerTxel gvisaubria qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobaze, ekonomikur mdgradobasa da finansur sistemebze. maSin vacxadebdi, rom xelisufalni mudmivad iTxovdnen raRac damatebiT resurss, risi naTeli magaliTia wina xelisufleba. kerZod, roca saakaSvilma 2003 wels gadaibara SevardnaZisgan qveyana, saerTo vali Seadgenda 2 miliard-naxevar aSS dolars, xolo roca isini wavidnen, 2012-Si, vali gaizarda 13 miliardamde da Cven daviwyeT am valis gastumrebis procesebi. es imas ar niSnavs, rom Cveni xelisufleba saWiroebisamebr ar iRebs kredits, magram roca mTavroba iRebs mizanmimarTul kredits konkretuli proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad da Semdeg droulad, gadavadebis gareSe ixdis, es qmnis swored im prestiJs, romelic qveyanas aqcevs kreditunarianad, radgan sakredito reitingebi gamoiTvleba bazris monawileTa warsuli da mimdinare finansuri istoriis, aseve misi qonebisa da finansuri valdebulebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze. mokled, reitingis mizania potenciuri kreditorebis informireba subieqtis valdebulebebis savaraudo drouli momsaxurebis Sesaxeb.
– vin aris bolo adgilze im 46 qveyanas Soris?
– rac unda gagikvirdeT, faqtia, rom bolo adgilzea ukraina. aseve, minda gacnoboT, gavaswariT poloneTsac, CexeTsac da bevr sxva, evrokavSiris wevr qveyanas. cxadia, kargi Sansi gagviCnda investorebis mosazidad. maT ukve Tamamad SeeZlebaT daabandon fuli sxvadasxva sainvesticio proeqtSi.
– ra Seicvleba am reitingis wyalobiT rigiTi moqalaqeebis cxovrebaSi?
– TavisTavad, rigiTi moqalaqeebis mdgomareoba damokidebulia qveynis ekonomikaze. F”ფაიტჩ”-is reitingi calsaxad pozitiuria da eyrdnoba sxvadasxva kriteriums, maT Soris, umniSvnelovanesia msoflio bankis reitingi, romelmac SarSan biznesis keTebis TvalsazrisiT, meeqvse adgilze dagvasaxela. amasTan, dadebiTad aRiniSna savaluto fondi, romelic muSaobs qveyanaSi, sxvadasxva finansuri instituciebi. yvelaferi es imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cveni ekonomika axla gardamaval mdgomareobaSi imyofeba – sadRac sainvesticiodan sainovaciomde da, rogorc xelisufleba acxadebs, es procesi unda dasruldes 2030 wlamde. Tanac, sabanko seqtoris SefasebiT, F”ფაიტჩ”-is gaumjobesebuli sakredito reitingi maTTvis ucxour sakredito resurss gaaiafebs.
– am kuTxiT analitikosebis azri orad iyofa. erTi nawili miiCnevs, rom es rigiT moqalaqeebze pirdapir da miT umetes, axlo momavalSi ar aisaxeba, xolo meore nawili acxadebs, rom es ase ar aris.
– diax, es aris erT-erTi da ara erTaderTi komponenti, romelic qveynisTvis seriozuli cvlilebis momtani SeiZleba iyos. siaxle xom investorebis dainteresebas gazrdis da arsebul saprocento ganakveTze pozitiurad imoqmedebs, rac mis Semcirebas gulisxmobs.
– es mxolod Teoriuli mosazrebaa, rasac SesaZloa, araferi hqondes saerTo praqtikasTan.
– principSi, am mosazrebas specialistebi imiT vamyarebT, rom saerTaSoriso organizaciebi kreditebis gacemisas qveyanasTan dakavSirebul risk-faqtorebs iTvaliswineben da individualur saprocento ganakveTebs swored saerTaSoriso reitingebis mixedviT adgenen. Sesabamisad, Tu qarTuli bankebi Tanxebs nakleb fasad moizidaven, maT mier gacemul sesxebze saprocento ganakveTebi Semcirdeba, rac pirdapir moutans sargebels qveynis rigiT moqalaqeebs. isini SesZleben nakleb procentSi wamoiwyon biznesi Tu gamoiyenon Tanxebi sxva mimarTulebiT… cxadia, Cven gveCqareba, yvelas gvinda swrafi winsvla, magram, samwuxarod, ase ar xdeba. aravis aqvs jadosnuri joxi, rom aiqnios da problemebi erTbaSad moagvaros.
– ras miiCnevT dResdReobiT qveynis mTavar gamowvevad?
– ara mxolod me, xelisuflebac Tvlis, rom saqarTvelos mTavari gamowveva siRaribis damarcxebaa.
– . . .da ra xerxebiT apirebT mis damarcxebas?
am yvelafris mogvarebis winapirobaa mdgradi ekonomikis ganviTareba, radgan Cven jer ara varT mTlianad gadasuli inovaciur ekonomikaze. aqamde misasvlelad kidev 10 weli da ganaTlebis sistemis srulyofili cvlileba dagvWirdeba. am etapze ZiriTadi aqcenti investiciebze keTdeba. rac ufro meti fuli Semova qveyanaSi, miT meti samuSao adgili gveqneba. Tu axla gvaqvs 4,5-5%-ani ekonomikuri zrda, 9-10%-iT gaizrdeba es maCvenebeli. aseT pirobebSi 3-5 weliwadSi SevZlebT saSualos ara, magram raRac ev-ropul dones mainc mivaRwioT.
– ras gulisxmobT `raRac evropulSi~?
– imas, rom aRar gveyoleba qveyanaSi mSieri, gaWirvebuli, avadmyofi, romelsac ver aRmouCen saTanado daxmarebas da a.S. mokled, aSkarad igrZnobs rigiTi moqalaqe dadebiT cvlilebas sakuTar biujetsa da yofiT cxovrebaze.
– arsebuli statistikis mixedviT, 2003 wlidan qveyanaSi ganxorcielda 47 reforma, rogorc instituciuri, aseve maregulirebeli garemos daxvewis kuTxiT. romels gamoarCevdiT?
– demokratiis TvalsazrisiT, es iyo policiis sistemis, sasamarTlos reformebi, Tumca minda xazi gavusva im garemoebas, rom es ukanaskneli darCa mxolod qaRaldze da kargad iciT, dRes rac xdeba, ra donis da masStabebis brZola mimdinareobs, raTa sabolood dalagdes qveynis sasamarTlo sistema. amis miuxedavad, yvela xedavs, rom mkveTrad gaumjobesda garemo, rasac adasturebs am sferoSi arsebuli statistikac. cxadia, gvinda sabolood mogvardes es Tema, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibdes Zalian seriozuli sasamarTlo sistema, romelic yvela moqalaqes, maT Soris investorebs, miscems daculobis srul garantias.
– investorebis Civili am bolo dros maincdamianc aRar ismis, Tumca sistemuri cvlilebebic ar xorcieldeba.
– diax, 2012 wlis Semdeg arc erTi biznesmeni Tu investori ar acxadebs, rom mas fuli waarTves an ar gadauxades vali. yvelaferi es muSaobs swored im reitingis gaumjobesebaze, werilis dasawyisSi rom vaxsene. ar SeiZleba am mimarTulebiT ar aRiniSnos sabaJo sistemis cvlileba da iusticiis saxlebis SemoReba-funqcionireba. unda vaRiaroT, rom wina xelisuflebas hqonda win gadadgmuli nabijebi sistemuri reformebis kuTxiT… igive, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba da eleqtronuli Sesyidvebis sistemis danergva. magram cxovreba win midis da roca vlindeba konkretuli xarvezi, Sesabamisad, unda Seicvalos kanonic, iseve rogorc sagadasaxado sistemaSi Semovida e.w. estonuri modeli. qveyana ver ganviTardeba CixSi, es procesi damokidebulia rogorc qveynis Sida, ise gare faqtorebze. gvinda es Cven Tu ara, gviwevs saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri Tu politikuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba. swored amitomaa aucilebeli ganvviTardeT konkretuli cvlilebebis SetaniT ama Tu im kodeqsSi.
aSkaraa, rom xelisufleba cdilobs saqarTvelo gaiyvanos axal saerTaSoriso arealze. es aRiara iseTma avtoritetulma organizaciam, rogoricaa msoflio banki. gaixseneT ekonomikuri forumi, romelic mosaxleobis keTildReobis reitings gansazRvravs. jer kidev 2011 wels, inovaciebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT viyaviT 112-e adgilze, xolo gamocdili, Wkviani kadrebis saxelmwifo samsaxurSi damagrebis kuTxiT – 104-e adgilze. raRac katastrofuli maCveneblebi gvqonda. axla nel-nela, magram mizanmimarTulad umjobesdeba Cveni reitingebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT da darwmunebuli var, 3-5 weliwadSi TiToeuli moqalaqe igrZnobs am procesebis dadebiT gavlenas sakuTari ojaxis keTildReobaze.
– mudmivi reformebis gamo dabneulebi arian rogorc rigiTi moqalaqeebi, ise saxelmwifo moxeleebi. dRes erTs amtkiceben, xval – sul sxvas, Tavad xelisufleba ki absoluturad gancalkevebul poziciazea.
– ar dageTanxmebiT amaSi, radgan xelisuflebas gaaCnia ukve gacxadebuli ekonomikuri politika im inovaciebze gadasvliT, rac warmatebis momtani gaxdeba qveynisTvis da Sesabamisad, misi mosax-leobisTvis. axlaxan waradgines ganaTlebis sistemuri reforma, rac aucilebeli iyo kadrebis gazrdisa da dakvalianebisaTvis. qveyana, romelsac ar hyavs ama Tu im sferoSi sakuTari kadrebi da maTi Camoyvana uxdebaT investorebs rigi proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad, cxadia, ver iqneba warmatebuli. swored amitom mimaCnia es reforma mniSvnelovnad.
– samomavlod ganviTarebis ra gzas unda daadges CvenisTana patara saxelmwifo ukeTesi, realuri Sedegebis misaRebad?
– Cemi azriT, rac SeiZleba meti vauCeruli fondi unda Seiqmnas da unda dauSvan seriozuli sagadasaxdo SeRavaTebi inovaciuri teqnologiebis Semomtani investorebisaTvis, raTa wavaxalisoT am tipis proeqtebis mozidva qveynis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizniT. unda vimuSaoT inovaciuri klasterebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT, SevqmnaT inovaciuri fondebi, teqno-parkebi, biznes-inkubatorebi, ro-mlebic konkretulad, mizanmimarTulad, inovaciuri teqnologiebis ganviTarebaze imuSaveben. me CamovTvale instrumentebis is nawili, romelic saSualebas miscems saqarTvelos, ufro daaCqaros inovaciur ekonomikaze gadasvla.
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