,, სიტყვის თავისუფლება დაუმთავრებელი ბრძოლაა “
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
sityvis Tavisuflebis maCveneblis mudmivi ryeva yovelTvis iyo qarTuli Jurnalistikis mtkivneuli adgili. sabWouri warsuli, represiebis genetikurad gamjdari SiSi, mTavrobebis xSiri cvla – TavisTavad axdenda amaze zegavlenas, ris gamoc dRemde ver Camoyalibda Jurnalisturi eTika, Tavisuflebis stabiluri sivrce da gamarTuli, samarTlebrivad gawonasworebuli, politikuri mxareebisgan SeuzRudavi media. Cvens realobaSi sazogadoeba arCevans akeTebs `damokidebul~ da naklebad `damokidebul~ mediasaSualebebs Soris. Tumca veravin getyviT, rom srulad endoba Jurnalistebs da ar eSinia, rom sadRac raRacas miakleben, gadaakeTeben an sulac arasworad gaaSuqeben faqts. am bolos sworeba ufro da ufro metad midis dasavlur Jurnalistikaze. maTi daxmarebiT vcdilobT, gaviTavisoT demokratiis anabana, raTa gavamarTloT meoTxe xelisuflebis pompezuri statusi da win wamovwioT mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilis namdvili satkivari. sityvis Tavisuflebas ar unda dahkravdes moyviTalo feri, tiraJis gasazrdelad TiTidan gamowovil intrigas ar unda mivmarTavdeT. droa, Jurnalistebma gaviTavisoT, ra gvevaleba da ras elis Cvengan xalxi.
minda gagacnoT Cveni kolega maia qei qvarcxava, romelic 8 welze metia `amerikis xmis~ qarTul redaqciaSi muSaobs. is monacvleobiT aris sami platformis (televizia, vebgverdi, socialuri media) redaqtori, Jurnalisti, prodiuseri da roca saWiroa, operatori da memontaJec. maias aqvs 2 magistris xarisxi: erTi JurnalistikaSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetidan (saqarTvelo) da meore – ganaTlebis marTvis, lihais universitetidan (aSS). `amerikis xmamde~ igi 7 weli kiTxulobda leqciebs lihais universitetSi. maia qvarcxavam, romelic ukve 17 welia amerikaSi cxovrobs, kargad icis aqauri da iqauri Jurnalistika, icis, ra gvWirdeba, ris naklebobas ganvicdiT am sferoSi. jer kidev gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, Tsu-is Jurnalistikis fakultetis damTavrebis Semdeg, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis pirvel da meore arxebze muSaobda, hqonda ramdenime saavtoro programa, maT Soris `Savi yuTi~ anu televizia televiziis Sesaxeb. aSS-Si gamgzavrebamde evrokavSiris `taisis~ programis farglebSi kiTxulobda leqciebs da xelmZRvanelobda JurnalistTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis kursebs. vfiqrob, saintereso iqneba Cveni mkiTxvelisTvis, ras ityvis aqaur presaze an rogor gaikvlia gza Cvenma Tanamemamulem amerikul JurnalistikaSi da ra saxiT exmareba dRemde qarTvel kolegebs. gTavazobT masTan intervius.
– rogor moxvdiT amerikul JurnalistikaSi?
– sruliad SemTxveviT. Cemi ufrosi da Tamriko qvarcxava cxovrobda maSin SeerTebul StatebSi da yovel wels ojaxis wevrebs gvTxovda, migveRo monawileoba mwvane baraTis gaTamaSebaSi. meore cdaze movige da bevri yoymanis Semdeg (ar viyaviT darwmunebulebi, rom Rirda saqarTvelodan wasvla), mTeli ojaxiT gadavediT. zafxulSi 17 weli Sesruldeba, rac aq vcxovrobT.
Camosvlidan ramdenime welSi gadavwyvite sadoqtoroze Camebarebina. movewyve kidec lihais universitetSi. albaT, aqamde unda meTqva, rom Tavidanve Zalian gamimarTla, pirveli samsaxuri amave universitetSi vipove, iq vkiTxulobdi leqciebs 2004-2011 wlebSi. Tumca, weliwadnaxevarSi, sruli StatiT sadoqtoroze swavlis Semdeg, mivxvdi, rom martoxela dedas ori SviliT (qmari amerikaSi gadmosvlidan erTi wlis Semdeg gardamecvala), 4-5 weli swavlis fufuneba arc finansurad da aRarc drois mxriv mqonda, fizikurad veRar vuZlebdi datvirTvas. Zalian gamezarda saswavlo kreditic da gadavwyvite, swavla meore magistraturis xarisxiT damesrulebina. ori wlis Tavze davicavi diplomi ganaTlebis menejmentis ganxriT.
– iq Casuli ra STabeWdilebebis qveS aRmoCndiT?
– pirveli didi STabeWdileba, rac magondeba, aris is, rom mivxvdi – amerika ar aris mxolod niu-iorki. ar vici, ratom mqonda aseTi stereotipuli Sexeduleba, albaT holivuduri filmebis `damsaxurebaa~. Aarada, piriqiTaa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom niu-iorki sruliad amovardnilia amerikuli realobidan da ufro msoflios dedaqalaqia, sruliad gansxvavebuli cxovrebis stiliT, reJimiT, kanonis mimarT damokidebulebiTac ki… es Zalian vrceli Temaa, mokled rom vTqva, sul sxva samyaroa, romelic amerikuli realobis albaT erT procentsac ki ar Seadgens.
– gansxvaveba Cvensa da `maT~ Jurnalistikas Soris . . .
– vfiqrob, msgavseba ufro metia, vidre – gansxvaveba. socialurma mediam aqac Tavdayira daayena realoba. mTeli msoflio mauwyeblad iqca. dRes umetesoba Jurnalistia, vinc socialur qselebSia, yvelas Tavisi samauwyeblo gverdi da informaciis gavrcelebis saSualeba aqvs. es erTdroulad kargic aris da Tan tradiciuli mediisTvis seriozuli gamowvevaa. gecodinebaT, rom iqac aris ruseTidan wamosul dezinformaciasTan da zogadad, cru informaciasTan gamklavebis problemebi. rac Seexeba tradiciul medias, SeerTebul StatebSi araswor informacias naklebad gpatioben. mgonia, rom aq ufro icaven eTikur normebs da adamianis uflebebs. vfiqrob, esaa mTavari gansxvaveba. Tumca, me tradiciul mediaSi ar vmuSaob. `amerikis xmas~ mTlianad amerikeli gadamxdelebi afinanseben. Cven ar gvaqvs arxi, magram 2 000-ze meti partnioris saSualebiT vmauwyeblobT 45 enaze 100-mde qveyanaSi, iq, sadac demokratia da sityvis Tavisufleba jer kidev gamowvevebis winaSea, maT Soris – saqarTveloSi. bolo monacemebiT, Cveni cifruli, radio da satelevizio auditoria kviraSi 275 milionamdea.
– ZiriTadad ra Sedis Tqvens movaleobebSi?
– `amerikis xmaSi~ 2011 wlis ianvarSi mivedi. Cemi movaleobebi mediis ganviTarebasTan erTad, mudmivad icvleba. Tavidan, umetesad, radios pirdapir eTerSi da vebgverdze vmuSaobdi, daaxloebiT 20 procenti iyo televizia. axla, rac radio gavauqmeT, procentulad, albaT, saSualod 40-40%-ze nawildeba Cemi televiziasa da vebgverdze muSaobis dro. danarCeni 20% morige redaqtoris da socialuri mediis administratoris funqciebia. 4-5 wlis win telemontaJi da gadacemis prodiuseroba daviwye, 2-3 welia, rac operatorobac SeviTavse. dRevandel Jurnalists universaluroba moeTxoveba – man unda gadaiRos, daamontaJos, mza produqti vebgverdze TviTonve dados. `zurgCanTian reportiors~ eZaxian aseT solo-Jurnalistebs aq, amerikaSi. pirveli viyavi `amerikis xmis~ qarTul redaqciaSi, vinc telefoniT, ufro sworad, smartfoniT gadaReba daviwye da amiT Zalian vamayob.
minda giTxraT, rom Tanamedrove teqnologiebis pirobebSi, xarisxSi Zalian didi sxvaoba ukve aRarc aris. Cemi `aifoniT~ gadaRebuli siuJetebi gavida TiTqmis yvela wamyvan qarTul arxze saqarTveloSi. Tqvenc araerTxel naxavdiT, ucxoeli Jurnalistebi telefoniT rom iReben, amaSi dasaZraxi araferia.
ra Tqma unda, viyenebT aplikaciebs, vamatebT linzebs, ganaTebas, Stativs, mikrofonebs da ase Semdeg. telefoniT gadaReba ar niSnavs, rom mxolod smartfoniT iReb da kadri xelis caxcaxiT, an guliscemis mixedviT zeviT-qveviT TamaSobs. dro icvleba da mas fexi unda avuwyoT. sadac me movaxerxe es 52 wlis asakSi, axalgazrdebisTvis amis gakeTeba gacilebiT ioli iqneba. sxvaTa Soris, saqarTvelos erovnuli universitetis bazaze profesor ia maxaraZis iniciativiT, 13-17 maiss telefoniT gadaRebis erTkviriani treningi maqvs da gamocdilebas qarTvel studentebsac gavuziareb.
– ra problemebi SegeqmnaT? rogorc cnobilia, iqauri muSaobis ritmi gansxvavebulia, SeZeliT Tu ara Tavidanve gansxvavebul reJimSi CarTva?
– ra Tqma unda, gansxvavebulia, magram Zalian rTulic ar aris. vaSingtonSi dilis xuT saaTze metroSi imdeni xalxia, gaocdebiT. muSaobas dilis 8 saaTze viwyebT. drois naklebobis gamo, mis marTvas da ukeT dafasebas swavlob. aq xSirad gaigoneb: `axla magaze ver vinerviuleb, Zalian bevri saqme maqvs~. CemTvis es tipuri amerikuli gamoTqmaa, anu, emociebis, stresis marTva giwevs, sxva gza ubralod ar gaqvs. aq xom mkacri kapitalizmia, ver gadarCebi sxvanairad, erTi Tvec rom Caagdo binis gadasaxadi, usaxlkarod darCebi.
– rogor daaxasiaTebT rigiT amerikels, mis prioritetebs, problemebs, tradiciebs (mesmis, rom axalCamoyalibebuli aqvT, magram mainc)?
– Zalian Znelia rigiTi amerikelis aRwera. albaT es zemoTac unda meTqva, mTavar STabeWdilebebSi. imdenad gansxvavebulia rigiTi amerikeli texasis Statidan kalifornielisgan, an luizianis da kolumbiis olqSi mcxovrebisgan, rom zogad maxasiaTeblebze saubari miWirs.
CvenTan SedarebiT, albaT ufro kanonmorCilebi arian, wesierebi, frTxilebi, Tavazianebi, zomierebi. arafriT dagidgebian axlos, rigSic ki daaxloebiT erTi metris moSorebiT dganan. sikeTesac ar mogaxveven zedmetad Tavze. jer SegekiTxebian, miscem Tu ara uflebas, rom dagexmaron, radgan SeiZleba aseTi gafrTxileba miiRo: `nu cdilob Cems patronaJs~.
– am gadasaxedidan ra geCvenebaT qarTuli Jurnalistikis yvelaze mTavar problemad?
– arastabiluroba, arastabiluroba da arastabiluroba. saqarTveloSi arc erT kerZo arxs aqvs garantia, rom ramdenime welSi me-9 arxiviT ar gaaqroben. sazogadoebrivi mauwyebelic ki, jerjerobiT, isev zedmetadaa damokidebuli mTavrobaze da iq momxdar cvlilebebze. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Soridan ase Cans, SeiZleba vcdebi. Tumca, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis angariSebSic igive problemebze miuTiTeben da Cems STabeWdilebas ucxoeli analitikosebis daskvnebic amyarebs. Sesabamisad, Jurnalistis profesiac saqarTveloSi Zalian arastabiluria. rogor unda aiRo krediti da iyido bina, roca ar ici, xval ra gelis? Zalian maSfoTebs Cemi kolegebis, gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdebis momavali. am dros auditoria udides principulobas moiTxovs Cvengan da Zalian kritikulia. aTi aTasi sityva rom sworad dawero, erT Secdomas dagimaxsovreben da arasdros gapatieben.
– aris Tu ara sityvis Tavisufleba CvenTan?
– met-naklebad aris. ar viqnebi originaluri, Tu vityvi, rom ukeTesi viTarebaa, vidre wina xelisuflebis dros, magram sasurvel viTarebamde jer bevri gviklia. Zalian momwons, rom qarTvelebi maqsimalistebi varT, gvinda gadavaxteT dros, viswavloT saukeTesoebisgan, viyoT yvelaze kargebi. es progresSi Zalian gvexmareba. amitomac varT bevr rameSi gacilebiT win, vidre yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qveynebi, baltiispireTis saxelmwifoebis gamoklebiT.
sityvis Tavisufleba mudmivi, daumTavrebeli brZolaa, iseve rogorc zogadad, demokratia. Zalauflebis mqoneni met-naklebad sul cdiloben arasasurveli informacia miCqmalon, Tu amaze xeli miuwvdebaT da fiqroben, rom dausjelni darCebian. Cemi azriT, es yvelgan da yovelTvis xdeboda da xdeba, oRond – gansxvavebuli xarisxiT. dasavleTSi sityvis TavisuflebisTvis naklebi brZola uwevT, Cven – meti, CineTSi da ruseTSi gacilebiT didi Zalisxmevaa saWiro.
– ra donezea amJamad qarTul-amerikuli urTierTobebi? rogorc gaJRerda, `amerikis xmis~ qarTul redaqcias sapatio jildo gadaeca am urTierTobebSi Setanili gansakuTrebuli wvlilisTvis.
– zogadad urTierTobebis Sefaseba gamiWirdeba, Cems kompetenciebs scdeba. jildom ki redaqciaSi yvela Zalian gagvaxara. albaT, bevrma ar icis, rom Zalian mcirericxovani redaqcia gvaqvs. saTavo ofisSi, vaSingtonSi, sul 7 Jurnalisti varT, niu-iorkSi gvyavs 2 korespondenti da oric – saqarTveloSi. sagamomcemlo saxlma `saxe(l)ebi~ vaSingtonSi is adamianebi da organizaciebi daajildova, romelTac gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRviT amerika-saqarTvelos politikuri, socialuri da kulturuli urTierTobebis ganviTarebaSi. Zalian sapatio jildoa da gulwrfelad rom giTxraT, didi pasuxismgeblobac, miT umetes, rom CvenTan erTad daajildoves kongresmenebi jeri konoli da ted po, `ucxoeTis kerZo investiciebis korporaciis~ mmarTveli direqtori kenet enjeli, `heritijis fondis~ mkvlevari liuk kofi, kongresis biblioTekis mkvlevari pol qrego da `amerika-saqarTvelos biznes-sabWos~ prezidenti mamuka wereTeli.
– rogor isvenebT, ras akeTebT, roca ar muSaobT?
– dasvenebis dReebs qarTul emigraciaSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cem garSemo, ufro imisTvis viyenebT, rac amerikaSi yvelaze metad gvenatreba – ojaxis wevrebTan da megobrebTan erTad yofnas vcdilobT. aqauri manZilidan gamomdinare, 4-saaTian gzaze manqaniT wasvla miwevs, rom Svilebs Sevxvde da Cemi dac movinaxulo, uaxloes megobramde 15 wuTia, umetesoba ki erTi saaTis savalze, zogi – kidev ufro Sors. TbilisSi SvebulebiT wamosvlamde, megobrebTan erTad niu-iorkSi, frida kalos gamofenaze viyavi, gamofenis bileTebi oqtomberSi aviReT. meore dRes aRdgoma viwro wreSi, ojaxis wevrebTan da ramdenime megobarTan erTad aRvniSne. ori uqme dRidan 8 saaTi gzaSi gavatare. mgoni mixvdebiT, dagegmvis da drois faqtoris mniSvnelobas aq.
– yvelaze metad ra mogewonaT aSS-Si?
– adamianebis ubraloeba da gulwrfeloba. iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, amerikelebis umetesoba, visTanac am 17 wlis ganmavlobaSi urTierToba momiwia, swored aseTia. provinciaSic vicxovre 8 weli da amaze metia, dedaqalaqSi var. ar aqvs mniSvneloba, sadaurebi arian, ra niWis, ra ganaTlebis, ra simdidris… snobizmi aq Zalian iSviaTi, TiTqmis unikaluri Tvisebaa. ra Tqma unda, niu-iorkis gamoklebiT. kidev gavimeoreb, iq sul sxva realobaa.
– nostalgia Tu gaqvT?
– saSineli nostalgia maqvs, umZimesi. amaze saubaric ki miWirs, sityva `momenatres~ gamoTqmac miZneldeba. moveridebi amaze saubars. erTs vityvi: Tavidan, rac dro gadis, eCvevi TiTqos. Semdeg, asaki rom gemateba, ufro da ufro Zneli xdeba. namdvilad ar aris ioli, yovel SemTxvevaSi – CemTvis.
