ბუნებრივი კატასტროფები და ეკომიგრანტების პრობლემები – მწირი ბიუჯეტის ფონზე
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
bunebrivi riskebis da katastrofebis matebasTan erTad, msoflioSi gaizarda im ojaxebis ricxvi, romlebic iZulebulni arian datovon sakuTari sacxovrebeli adgilebi. ekomigracia, misi kompleqsuri da sistemuri xasiaTidan gamomdinare, msoflios yvela qveynisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa
samwuxarod, bolo ramdenime aTwleulia, saqarTveloc SeuerTda bunebrivi katastrofebisadmi mowyvladi saxelmwifoebis ricxvs. bunebrivi sirTuleebiT gamowveul problemebs amwvavebs qveynis moumzadebloba da mwiri biujeti. katastrofebisTvis mzad rom viyoT, aucilebelia problemis instituciuri mogvareba, risTvisac am etapze yalibdeba erTiani koncefcia, rac, Tavis mxriv, gansazRvravs saxelmwifo politikas, kanonmdeblobasa da mxardaWeris programebs.
am bolos sakmaod bevri ram gakeTda ekomigrantebis problemebis aRmosafxvrelad. marTalia, jer yvelaferi mxolod sawyis etapzea, magram mimarTuleba arsebobs da ixveweba sakanonmdeblo baza, rac aucilebelia msgavsi procesebis dasaregulireblad. vgulisxmobT Tavad ekomigrantebis gansaxlebas, maT dafinansebasa da usafrTxo sacxovrisiT uzrunvelyofas. wina wlebSi arsebuli qaosis, saerTo eleqtronuli bazis arqonis gamo, problemebi Seiqmna rogorc gadacemuli saxlebis dakanonebis, ise maTi axal adgilebSi Casaxlebis mxriv. ukmayofilebas iwvevs sxva regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis zerele damokidebuleba da Seugueblobis sindromi, rac wiTel xazad gasdevs aWaridan gadasaxlebulTa pretenziebs. amas adastureben arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da opoziciuri politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic xSirad sargebloben am gaugebrobiT politikuri qulebis dasawerad.
rac Seexeba specialistebis Tvalsazriss, miiCneven, rom ekomigrantebis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa rogorc moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani strategiis SemuSaveba. `moklevadianSi~ mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos gansaxlebis sakiTxis mogvareba da ekomigrantebisTvis sacxovreblis SeTavazeba. amave dros, aucilebelia ekomigraciis gamomwvevi faqtorebis Semcireba da sadac SesaZlebelia, unda aRmoifxvras prevenciis grZelvadiani strategiis SemuSavebiTa da misi ganxorcielebis gziT. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 2005 wlidan saqarTvelo CarTulia saerTaSoriso iniciativebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis zemoqmedebis Semcirebis da maTdami mowyvladobis kuTxiT (2005-2015 wlebis hiogos samoqmedo CarCo da amJamad 2015-2020 wlebis sendais CarCo-SeTanxmeba bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb). wlebis ganmavlobaSi es sakiTxi rCeboda erTiani samarTlebrivi regulirebis gareSe, Tumca periodulad iRebdnen calkeul samarTlebriv aqtebs, romelTa umravlesoba stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegebis salikvidacio RonisZiebebis da usaxlkarod darCenilTa finansuri daxmarebisTvis mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan sakompensacio Tanxebis gamoyofas exeboda. yvelaze mniSvnelovan nabijad am kuTxiT SeiZleba CaiTvalos 2014 wels saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros mier ekomigrantTa sakiTxebis departamentis Seqmna, romlis ZiriTadi funqcia da kompetencia, dRemde, stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegebis salikvidacio RonisZiebebs da usaxlkarod darCenilTa finansur daxmarebas iTvaliswinebs. analogiuri departamenti Camoyalibda aWaris janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministroSi, romelic sakmaod aqtiuradaa CarTuli am procesebSi.
konkretulad ra keTdeba am kuTxiT, amaze saubrobs aWaris jandacvis saministros stiqiiT dazaralebulTa saqmeebis departamentis ufrosi dali qiqava, romelic aRniSnavs avtonomiuri respublikis xelisuflebis gansakuTrebul rols ekomigrantTa sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi.
– mogexsenebaT, aWaraSi stiqiuri movlenebiT dazaralebulTa raodenoba didia, Sesabamisad, regionis xelisufleba aqtiurad muSaobs maT mxardasaWerad. Cveni departamenti 2014 wels Seiqmna. mis funqciebSi Sedis stiqiis Sedegad dazaralebulTa ojaxebis daxmareba, konsultaciebi, moqmedi programis farglebSi usafrTxo sacxovrisiT uzrunvelyofa. SeZlebisdagvarad prevenciuli zomebis gatareba, rekomendaciebi da a.S. vTanamSromlobT centraluri saministros amave daniSnulebis departamentTan, samoqalaqo seqtorTan, vaxorcielebT erTobliv proeqtebs ekomigrantTa saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
– ekomigrantTa ZiriTadi nawili ratom aris aWaridan?
– imitom, rom aWara ukiduresad mciremiwiani regionia da bunebrivi katastrofebis maRali sixSiriTac gamoirCeva. sxvaTa Soris, saqarTveloSi pirvelad swored aWaris mTavrobis kanonqvemdebare aqtiT gaxda SesaZlebeli stiqiiT dazaralebulTa diferencireba saxlebis aRdgenis kuTxiT, rac Sedegiani aRmoCnda da am etapze aqeTkenaa mimarTuli finansebi. normatiuli aqtiT gaimijna stiqiiT dazaralebulebi, romlebic eqvemdebarebian adgilmonacvleobas da romlebic ar eqvemdebarebian, anu aqvT alternatiuli miwa usafrTxo, geologiurad mdgrad adgilas da SesaZlebelia maTTvis iq saxlis aRdgena-aSeneba. am mizniT, geologiuri daskvnis safuZvelze, eZlevaT 15 aTasi lari. didi Tanxa Caido biujetSi im kategoriis ojaxebisTvisac, romlebic ar arian mewyersaSiSi zonidan, magram stiqiis sxva gamovlinebam daaziana maTi sacxovrebeli (qari, didTovloba, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, xanZari). am daxmarebebs uzrunvelyofs aWaris mTavrobis sarezervo fondi, xolo organizebas uwevs Cveni departamenti. marto SarSan am mizniT gamoiyo 797 aTas 992 lari. Tumca wina wlebSi es Tanxa 3 milionsac ki aRwevda.
– sul ramdeni programa moqmedebs?
– mxolod erTi – ekomigrantTa finansuri mxardaWera 25 aTasi lariT usafrTxo sacxovrisis SesaZenad. SarSan 118-ma ojaxma isargebla programiT, wels ki 30-mde ojaxma SeiZina saxli. programa 2016 wlidan, ukve meoTxe weliwadia, rac xorcieldeba. garda amisa, ekomigrantebs socialur saxlebSi gadaecaT binebi.
– aWaris masStabiT ramdenma ekomigrantma ojaxma miiRo sacxovrebeli farTi socialur saxlebSi?
– baTumSi 174 ojaxs gadaeca binebi, qobuleTSi – 20-s, xelvaCaurSi – 73-s, qedaSi – 66-s, SuaxevSi – 54-s da xuloSi, vaSlovanSi – 83-s. aseve, baTumSi, tabiZis quCaze wablanelTa ojaxebs gadasces binebi.
– wablanelTa problemebi, rogorc vici, yvelaze aqtualuri iyo ekomigrantTa Soris. rogor moxerxda maTi aRricxva-dakmayofileba?
– diax, maTi problemebi erT-erTi umwvavesi iyo. iq datrialebuli cnobili tragediis Semdeg zogierTi qiriT cxovrobda, zogic – naTesavebTan. maTi sakiTxi gagrZelda da droSi gaiwela. sabolood, yvelaferi mogvarda maT mier amxanagobis SeqmniT. Camoayalibes biniT dasakmayofilebelTa kriteriumebi da Seadgines ojaxebis zusti sia. mTavroba ar Careula am procesSi, Tavad warmoadgines saWiro dokumentacia. xelisuflebam maT mxolod korpusi gadasca, xolo binebi (60-65 kv/m standartulad) adgilze gadaanawiles.
– es mcire farTi ar aris iseTi mravalsuliani ojaxebisTvis, rogorebic Cvens maRalmTianeTSia?
– iyo dro, 13-14 kaci cxovrobda erT oTaxSi. SefardebiTia yvelaferi. garda amisa, Cveni strategiaa, am etapze maT usafrTxo sakuTari Weri hqondeT. wablanelTa 219 ojaxi dakmayofilda am korpusiT. jamSi, aWaris masStabiT 702-ma ojaxma isargebla socialuri saxlebiT.
– im 25-aTasiani TanadafinansebiT, ZiriTadad, sad SeiZines saxlebi?
– cdiloben aWaras ar gascdnen. erTicaa: am programiT gamoyofili Tanxis sxva mizniT daxarjva akrZalulia. ideba sammxrivi xelSekruleba – beneficiars, saministros da gamyidvels Soris. Tanxa uSualod saministrosgan gadaericxeba gamyidvels, xolo beneficiarze formdeba uZravi qoneba. am bolos kidev erTi punqti daemata xelSekrulebas, romlis mixedviTac sami wlis ganmavlobaSi saxls ver gayidian.
– sanam sakuTar sacxovrebels miiReben, sad cxovroben ekomigrantebi?
– municipalitetebs gahyavs isini safrTxis zonidan qiriT, Semdeg ekomigrantebi dgebian aRricxvaze da saTanado dokumentacias warmoadgenen rigSi Casadgomad.
– prevenciis kuTxiT ras akeTebT?
– aWaris mTavrobis komisiis rekomendaciebiTa da moTxovniT, yvela municipalitets daevala mewyersaSiS zonebSi ferdsamagri kedlebis aSeneba, raTa samomavlod ekomigrantTa bazaSi ufro metma adamianma ar gadainacvlos. amis Tanxa yvela municipalitets biujetis xarjviT nawilSi udevs, adre ki mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan finansdeboda uSualod stiqiuri ubedurebis Sedegebis salikvidaciod. Aaseve, iwmindeba saniaRvre arxebi, radgan Warbi naleqis SemTxvevaSi, swored es iwvevs mewyers. kedlebis amoSenebam da saniaRvre arxebis saTanadod gawmendam sagrZnobi Sedegi gamoiRo. magaliTad, uxvi atmosferuli naleqis gamo 2015-2016 wlebSi 3 milioni laris zarali gvqonda, kedlebis gamagrebis Sedegad, igive raodenobis naleqma gacilebiT naklebi ziani miayena mosaxleobas. axla dainteresebulebi varT zvavsaSiSi badeebiT. am etapze vswavlobT, ramdenad efeqturia igi, radgan saqarTveloSi am kuTxiT gamocdili kompaniebi ar aris . . . erTis garda da isic – TbilisSi. gavarkvevT, ra dajdeba, gawvdeba Tu ara biujeti da a.S. ar aris gamoricxuli, uaxloes momavalSi sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydes.
– xSirad saubroben aWaridan walkaSi CasaxlebulTa mZime mdgomareobaze, sacxovrebeli saxlebisa Tu miwebis daukanoneblobaze.
– umoqmedobas ver daabraleben mTavrobas, amaze muSaobs centraluri saministro da minda giTxraT, mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga. dakanonebis procesebi mimdinareobs, Tumca iseTi swrafi tempiT vera, rogoric gvinda, radgan Seferxeba gamoiwvia iq Casaxlebuli pirveladi ojaxebis identificirebis da dadgenis rTulma procesebma. Cveni Tbiliseli kolegebis gancxadebiT, am adamianebma gadacemuli saxlebi dayides, gadacval-gadmocvales. saocari qaosi da gaurkvevloba iyo dokumentaciaSi . . . Cemi informaciiT, 500 ojaxs ukve daukanones saxlebi, amasTan, walkelTa umetesoba CarTulia aRniSnul Tanadafinansebis programaSi. samiod kviris winaT TbilisSi veswrebodi saministros erT-erT sxdomas, rogorc Sesabamisi komisiis mowveuli wevri. Cems iq yofnaSi walkaSi Casaxlebul kidev 10 ojaxs daukanones uZravi qoneba. axla mimdinareobs molaparakeba, raTa daCqardes calkeuli ojaxebis dokumentaciis mogvareba-damtkicebis procesi. am mizniT meti finansebis Cadebasac ki apireben.
– didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar arsebobda ekomigrantTa eleqtronuli baza . . .
– 2014 wlidan saqarTvelos masStabiT amuSavda arsebul ekomigrantTa saerTo, mudmivad ganaxlebadi internetbaza, romelic mibmulia sajaro reestrTan da socialuri saagentos monacemebTan. aq SesaZlebelia zustad garkveva, sad cxovrobda esa Tu is ekomigranti, ratom datova sacxovrebeli, ra socialur mdgomareobaSia, ra Tanxa aqvs aRebuli da a.S. bazam gaaiola Cveni sistemis muSaoba da rigiTobis dacva saxliT uzrunvelyofisas. mogexsenebaT, dazaralebuli bevria, biujeti – gawerili da yvelas erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ver daakmayofileb. amitom socialuri paketebis qulaTa jamiT da kategoriebis mixedviT vadgenT prioritets rigiTobaSi. rac ufro maRalia qula, ufro adre mouwevs rigi. aman sajaro da gamWvirvale gaxada procesi. nebismiers, visac eWvi gauCndeba, SeuZlia movides, gavuxsniT bazas da Tavad naxavs ra principiT varCevT.
– kategoriebs ra niSniT aniWebT?
– pirveli kategoria miekuTvneba mas, visi saxlic mTlianad dangreulia an imdenad dazianebuli (dabzaruli, deformirebuli), rom Sig cxovreba safrTxis Semcvelia. meore kategoria miekuTvneba, Tuki saxli dgas Cveulebrivad, magram garemoa safrTxis Semcveli.
– `muyaos qalaqSi~ komisiam ukve daasrula muSaoba. ramdeni ojaxia aRwerili da ramdens miscemen binas?
– 1700-mde ojaxia aRwerili. samTavrobo komisia informacias daazustebs Sesabamis municipalitetebSi, daaxarisxebs sabolood SemuSavebuli kategoriebis mixedviT da Semdeg an daakmayofilebs gancxadebas an uars etyvis.
