,,2020 წელს მივიღებთ პარლამენტს, სადაც თითქმის ყველა პოლიტიკური აქტორი და ამ ქვეყნის მთელი ინტელექტუალური პოტენციალი იქნება წარმოდგენილი”
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2020 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi proporciuli wesiT Catardeba, gauqmdeba procentuli barieric. saarCevni sistemis Secvlaze gancxadeba ramdenime dRis win partia `qarTuli ocnebis~ Tavmjdomare biZina ivaniSvilma gaakeTa
– 2020 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi Catardes proporciuli sistemiT, nulovani saarCevno barieris pirobebSi. sazogadoebas moexseneba, rom swored `qarTuli ocneba~ iyo im sakonstitucio reformis iniciatori, romlis farglebSic gadawyda, rom saparlamento demokratiis pirobebSi arCevnebis proporciuli sistema ukeT pasuxobs xelisuflebaSi mravalpartiuli da, Sesabamisad, pluralisturi politikuri warmomadgenlobis evropul standarts, Tumca iqve dadginda, rom am saarCevno sistemaze gadasvla ufro swori 2024 wels iqneboda, radgan partiebis gaZlierebas, maT kristalizacias Rirebulebebis garSemo, met konsolidacias da konkurentunarianobis gazrdas garkveuli wlebi kidev sWirdeboda. swored amitom ganisazRvra konstituciiT garantirebuli saarCevno reformis optimalur vadad 2024 weli, miT umetes im pirobebSi, rodesac dRes moqmedi Sereuli saarCevno sistema aris absoluturad demokratiuli, gamarTuli da aprobirebulia araerT tradiciul demokratiis qveyanaSi, magram cxovrebas Tavisi koreqtivebi Seaqvs yvelaferSi da nebismieri pasuxismgebliani mmarTveli politikuri Zalis valia, iyos adekvaturi qveynis winaSe mdgari gamowvevebisa da rac mTavaria, esmodes sazogadoebis majiscema. dRes yvela vxedavT, rom sazogadoeba cvlilebebs iTxovs, Cveni inciativa ki swored farTomasStabiani politikuri cvlilebis safuZvels iZleva. sazogadoebis am suliskveTebasTan TanxvedraSia Cveni politikuri gundis survilic, nebayoflobiT vTqvaT uari im sastarto upiratesobaze, rac Sereuli saarCevno sistemis pirobebSi bunebrivad gaaCnia `qarTul ocnebas~. Sualeduri arCevnebis Sedegebma yvela daarwmuna, rom `qarTuli ocnebis~ nebismieri kandidati praqtikulad ukonkurentoa. faqtia, rom popularul adamianebs kvlav `qarTuli ocnebis~ egidiT surT politikur asparezze gamosvla da Tu 2020 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi Sereuli sistemiT Catardeba, maRali albaTobiT, `qarTuli ocneba~ TiTqmis yvela maJoritarul olqs moigebs, riTac ukiduresad Seamcirebs mravalpartiuli parlamentis formirebis resurss. es SesaZloa, emsaxurebodes Cvens partiul interess, magram veRar pasuxobs qveynis winaSe arsebul gamowvevebs. da kidev erTi mizezi, rac safuZvlad daedo Cvens dRevandel gadawyvetilebas, aris is mzardi, globaluri Tu lokaluri politikuri da ekonomikuri gamowvevebi, romlis winaSec dgas Cveni qveyana da romlebTanac gamklavebas sul ufro xSirad dasWirdeba farTo sazogadoebrivi da politikuri konsensusi, erTianoba da pasuxismgeblobis gaziareba, rac mxolod maqsimalurad pluralistur garemoSia SesaZlebeli. amitom Cven gTavazobT proporciul saarCevno sistemaze gadasvlas. imavdroulad, nulze Camogvyavs, anu srulad vauqmebT dRes arsebul procentul bariers da imedi gvaqvs, rom am gziT 2020 wels miviRebT parlaments, sadac TiTqmis yvela politikuri aqtori da am qveynis mTeli inteleqtualuri potenciali iqneba warmodgenili. aravis dasWirdeba vinmesTan mikedleba, xelovnuri gaerTianeba da xSirad sakuTar principebze uaris Tqma, raTa Tavisi wvlili Seitanos qveynis ganviTarebasa da winsvlaSi. Cveni politikuri gundi mzadaa, mimdinare sasesio kviris dasrulebisTanave daiwyos farTo konsultaciebi saparlamento da arasaparlamento politikur partiebTan, yvelasTan, vinc mzad aris konstituciisa da kanonis upirobo pativiscemis farglebSi eweodes aqtiur politikur saqmianobas, – ganacxada `qarTuli ocnebis~ Tavmjdomarem.
arCevnebis proporciuli wesiT Catareba sazogadoebis nawilma 20-21 ivnisis saprotesto aqciebs daukavSira da Tqva, rom mmarTveli gundi daTmobaze wavida. saarCevno sistemis Secvlas sakonstitucio cvlileba sWirdeba. ufro meti sicxadisTvis, nulprocentiani (bunebrivi) barieriT, parlamentis mandatis miReba SeuZlia yvela partias, romelic xmebis (sul mcire) 0,67 procents daagrovebs. amasTan, partiebs aekrZalebaT blokebad gaerTianeba, xolo gaunawilebel mandatebs is partiebi miiReben, romlebsac yvelaze naklebi xma sWirdebaT momdevno mandatis misaRebad.
sakonstitucio cvlilebis erT-erTi avtoria parlamentis yofili Tavmjdomare irakli kobaxiZe, romelic acxadebs, rom formula martivia: yvela politikuri partia, romelic iRebs, sul mcire, 1 mandatisTvis saWiro xmebis raodenobas, miiRebs mandats saqarTvelos parlamentSi. dadgenilia bunebrivi barieri.
cvlileba 2017 wlis 13 oqtombris saqarTvelos konstituciuri kanonis gardamavali debulebis me-2 muxlis me-9 punqtSi Sedis, romelic saparlamento arCevnebisTvis, erTjeradad, Sereuli saarCevno sistemis SenarCunebis sakiTxs Seexeboda.
– cvlileba Seexeba swored am punqts. amoRebuli iqneba Canaweri imis Taobaze, rom Semdegi arCevnebi tardeba Sereuli sistemiT, Canacvldeba proporciuli arCevnebiT da amave punqtSi aisaxeba nulovani, bunebrivi barieri, – acxadebs irakli kobaxiZe.
ufro konkretulad, parlamentSi 28 ivniss daregistrirebul konstituciuri kanonis proeqtSi weria: saqarTvelos parlamentis momdevno arCevnebis Sedegad politikuri partiis mier miRebuli mandatebis raodenobis dasadgenad, politikuri partiis mier miRebuli xmebis raodenoba mravldeba 150-ze da iyofa arCevnebSi monawile yvela politikuri partiis mier miRebuli xmebis jamze. miRebuli ricxvis mTeli nawili aris politikuri partiis mier miRebuli mandatebis raodenoba. Tu politikuri partiebis mier miRebuli mandatebis raodenobaTa jami 150-ze naklebia, gaunawilebel mandatebs TanmimdevrobiT miiReben ukeTesi Sedegis mqone politikuri partiebi. saqarTvelos parlamentis momdevno arCevnebis Sedegad mandats miiRebs yvela is politikuri partia, romelic miiRebs sul mcire erTi mandatis misaRebad sakmaris xmebis raodenobas.
`qarTulma ocnebam~ saarCevno sistemis cvlilebaze prezentaciac gamarTa da, raoden gasakviric unda iyos, mas `evropuli saqarTvelos~, `nacionaluri moZraobis~ da `gaerTianebuli opoziciis~ warmomadgenlebi ar daeswrnen. arada, swored es politikuri Zalebi mudmivad apelirebdnen, rom saarCevno sistema unda Secvliliyo. marTalia, prezentacias ar daeswrnen, Tumca xsenebuli politikuri partiebi, rogorc maTi liderebi acxadeben, gegmaven monawileobas rogorc sakonstitucio komisiis muSaobaSi, aseve yvela sxva saparlamento formatSi, romelic am mimarTulebiT Seiqmneba.
isic saTqmelia, rom opoziciis nawilisTvis nulovani barieri misaRebi ar aris da am mimarTulebiT mmarTvel gundTan molaparakebebis gamarTvas ecdebian, amasTan, maTTvisac proporciul sistemaze gadasvla upirvelesi prioritetia.
dRemde arsebuli modeliT, saqarTveloSi saparlamento arCevnebi Sereuli wesiT tardeboda, anu 150 deputatidan 77 partiuli siiT airCeoda, xolo 73 – maJoritaruliT. partiebi, erTi mxriv, 150-kacian partiul sias warmoadgendnen, meore mxriv, TiToeul olqSi – maJoritari deputatobis kandidatebs.
arCevnebze misuli amomrCeveli or biuletens iRebda. aqedan erTze is sasurvel partias, xolo meoreze maJoritari deputatobis sasurvel kandidats irCevda. proporciuli wesiT mandatebis misaRebad arsebuli modeliT saWiro iyo, partias xmebis 5 procentze meti aeRo, 2020 wlidan ki parlamentis 150-ve mandati partiuli siebidan Seivseba. proporciuli sistemis SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, romelime partiam sakonstitucio umravlesobisTvis sakmarisi raodenobis mandatebi miiRos, Sesabamisad, Zalauflebis sadaveebis erTpirovnulad xelSi aReba SeZlos. arCevnebSi gamarjvebul, anu yvelaze meti xmis mompovebel partias proporciuli saarCevno sistemis pirobebSi aucileblad mouwevs sxva partiebTan kompromisze wasvla.
opoziciuri partiebis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis nawili acxadebs, rom nulprocentiani barieri arsebul sistemas jobia, Tumca aris safrTxeebic, maT Soris – biZina ivaniSvilis mier patara partiebis SesaZlo mosyidva.
`saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba – saqarTvelos~ xelmZRvaneli eka gigauri riskebs mTavrobis dakompleqtebaSi xedavs.
– albaT, yvelam unda vaRiaroT erTi ram – daaxloebiT 17 welia, opoziciuri partiebi iTxoven proporciul saarCevno sistemas da es moaxerxes im axalgazrdebma, romlebic aprotesteben usamarTlo saarCevno sistemas. maT 5 dReSi moaxerxes amis gakeTeba, risTvisac didi madloba unda gadavuxadoT. maTi aseTi protesti rom ara, Cven amas uaxloes periodSi ver movaxerxebdiT. rac Seexeba nulprocentian bariers: amas aqvs dadebiTi mxareebi – axal partiebs meti saSualeba eqnebaT, SeaRwion parlamentSi, aseve, ufro mravalferovani iqneba parlamenti, ufro proporciulad aisaxeba xmebi da a.S. es aris namdvilad Zalian kargi. riskebi ukavSirdeba mTavrobis dakompleqtebis wess da saSualebas – Cveni dabali politikuri kulturis pirobebSi SeiZleba es gaurTuldeT politikur partiebs da maTi pasuxismgebloba iqneba amis gakeTeba. bevri partia, maT Soris `qarTuli ocneba~, Seecdeba sateliti partiebis Seqmnas. miuxedavad amisa, Tu gvecodineba, vin dgas konkretuli politikuri partiebis dafinansebis ukan, sazogadoeba amis mixedviT miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, – ambobs eka gigauri.
`axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis~ xelmZRvanelis sulxan salaZis TqmiT, mxolod proporciuli saarCevno sistema ar niSnavs demokratiul garemos da saWiroa iseTi Temebis ganxilva, rogoricaa partiebis dafinanseba da centraluri saarCevno komisiis dakompleqteba.
– pirveli, rac unda vTqvaT, aris is, rom arc erTi saarCevno sistema ar aris idealuri da nebismier saarCevno sistemaSi SeiZleba vipovoT rigi tipis problemebi. aqve unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom rac ufro male SeTanxmdebian partiebi, Tu ra tipis proporciul sistemas irCevs qveyana, nulovan bariers, or, sam Tu oTxprocentian bariers, miT ukeTesia, – ambobs sulxan salaZe, romelic dasZens, rom dRes parlamentSi arsebuli konfiguraciis da ZalTa gadanawilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, albaT, yvelaze meti Sansi nulovani barieris sistemas aqvs. kargia, rom politikuri partiebi, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli poziciisa, Tanxmdebian proporciuli saarCevno sistemis mxardaWeraze.
proporciuli sistemiT arCevnebis Catarebis gadawyvetilebas naZaladevs uwodebs `Senebis moZraobis~ lideri da Tavis droze `qarTuli ocnebis~ gundis wevri daviT usufaSvili.
– proporciuli arCevnebis Sesaxeb dapireba unda iqces realobad. amas sWirdeba xuTTviani mZime procesi, parlamentSi sami kenWisyra. `qarTul ocnebas~ ar unda mivceT sababi, Tundac erTi dRiT Seayovnos procesi, – ganacxada usufaSvilma.
mmarTvel gundSi ar gamoricxaven, rom proporciul saarCevno sistemaze gadasvlisas `qarTuli ocneba~ SesaZloa erTsulovani ar iyos da amisTvis opoziciis xmebi gaxdeba sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani.
– is, rom maJoritarebis nawili ar uWers mxars proporciul sistemaze gadasvlas, gasagebia da swored amitom unda Seicvalos es sistema. swored isini arian TavianT interesebs morgebuli da pirdapir emsaxurebian ivaniSvils, – acxadebs `evropuli saqarTvelos~ wevri sergi kapanaZe. misive TqmiT, `evropuli saqarTvelo~ proporciul sistemaze gadasvlis Taobaze mmarTveli gundis mier SeTavazebul variants dauWers mxars, radgan isic ki ukeTesia dRes arsebul modelze.
– yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom `qarTulma ocnebam~ SigniT daalagos Tavisi ariTmetika. sruliad daujerebelia, rodesac isini amboben, rom xmebi ar eqnebaT. Cven – opozicia, `evropuli saqarTvelo~, 20 xmiT, vapirebT, rom proporciulze gadasvlas mxari davuWiroT. ra Tqma unda, vecdebiT, samuSao procesi parlamentis SigniT gavaumjobesoT. Tu es ar gamova, imas, rac aris SemoTavazebuli, mainc vapirebT, mxari davuWiroT, radgan SemoTavazebuli sistema aris gacilebiT ukeTesi, vidre dRes arsebuli, – acxadebs sergi kapanaZe.
umravlesobis wevri zaza xuciSvili mxars uWers proporciul saarCevno sistemas, magram ambobs, rom acnobierebs Tanmdev riskebsac.
– getyviT pirdapir, italiam cota xniT dauWira mxari Sereul sistemaze gadasvlas imitom, rom proporciulis dros, praqtikulad, eqvsi TviT irCevdnen mTavrobas da sul krizisSi Sediodnen. Tqven axla naxeT, rom germaniam eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mTavroba ver airCia da iseTi qveynisTvis, rogoric germaniaa, es ar aris seriozuli problema imitom, rom welSi gamarTuli, saaTiviT awyobili qveyanaa. saqarTvelosTvis es iqneba problema. ra Tqma unda, idealuri sistemebi, praqtikulad, ar arsebobs, ase rom iyos, maSin yvela evrokavSiris qveyanas eqneboda erTi sistema. yvelas Taviseburi sistema aqvs imis mixedviT, rogori qveynebicaa. ra Tqma unda, am sistemas aqvs Tavisi ukuefeqtebic, magaliTad, me ar var partiuli da aRar meqneba saSualeba, upartiod viyo parlamentSi, unda avirCio erT-erTi partia. avirCev an `qarTul ocnebas~, an saerTod ar avirCev. am sistemis winaaRmdeg ar waval, mxars vuWer, es aris politikuri gadawyvetileba, gamomdinare iqidan, rom qveyanaSi situacia Seicvala. ori vadiT iyo `qarTuli ocneba~, amis Semdeg sazogadoeba moiTxovs cvlilebebs da am cvlilebebis saSualeba sazogadoebas unda mivceT. risi winaaRmdegic var, aris blokebi. es aris sistema, romlis drosac partiebi, romlebsac aravis mxardaWera aqvT, SesaZloa blokis saxiT gaerTiandnen Zlier partiasTan, miiRon dafinanseba, rogorc kvalificiurma subieqtma da gaagrZelon is, rasac aqamde akeTebdnen – dainiSnon maRali xelfasebi da ofisic ki ar hqondeT saqarTvelos masStabiT, iyvnen erTi kacis partiebi. rac Seexeba bariers, nuli iqneba Tu sami, Tu bloki ar iqneba, amaze msjeloba SeiZleba, – acxadebs zaza xuciSvili.
Temis irgvliv im dromde gagrZeldeba msjeloba da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, vidre sakonstitucio cvlileba ar ganxorcieldeba, manamde ki parlamentis biuro gansazRvravs wamyvan komitets, Seiqmneba sayovelTao-saxalxo ganxilvis komisia, daiwyeba Sexvedrebi Sesabamis formatSi, aseve, Seicvleba saarCevno kanonmdebloba Secvlili konstituciis Sesabamisad.
procesi, savaraudod, 2019 wlis bolomde gagrZeldeba, 2020 wlis arCevnebi ki proporciuli wesiT, nulovani barieriT Catardeba.
