დროსა და სივრცეში განსხეულებული, იდუმალებით მოცული ციხესიმაგრე – გონიოს სინამდვილეში
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
gonio-afsarosis cixesTan mravali legenda da miTia dakavSirebuli. erT-erTis mixedviT, saxelwodeba afsarosi momdinareobs argonavtebis Sesaxeb ZvelberZnuli miTisgan. legendis Sesabamisad, swored aq dakrZales iasonis mier mokluli aietis vaJi afsirte. aseve, Tqmulebis mixedviT cixis teritoriaze mdebareobs qristes erT-erTi mociqulis – mataTas saflavi, romelic macxovarma Tavis wreSi iuda iskariotelis nacvlad miiRo. erT-erTi versiiT, qristes jvarze gakvris Semdeg, mataTa gonios cixeSi movida da iqidan daiwyo qadageba.
dReisaTvis gonio-afsarosis cixe aWaris istoriis romis periodis Zegls warmoadgens. galavnis ganlageba TiTqmis ar Secvlila misi mravalsaukunovani arsebobis ganmavlobaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mataTas saflavis pirdapir meCeTi aSenda, xolo romauli abanoebi Turqul abanoebad gadakeTda, cixis arqiteqtura iseTive darCa, rogoric ori aTasi wlis win – romaelebis periodSi iyo.
cnobisaTvis: cixis kedlebis saerTo sigrZe 900 metria, xolo simaRle – 5 metri. Tavdapirvelad, cixis perimetrze agebuli iyo 7 metri simaRlis 22 koSki, magram zogierTi maTgani droTa ganmavlobaSi daingra da dRes cixe mxolod 18 koSks iTvlis. mas 4 Sesasvleli gaaCnda, dRes Semonaxulia mxolod dasavleTis Sesasvleli.
gonios cixis istoria bevr saidumlos malavs. aq dRemde mimdinareobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebi axali aRmoCenebiT, kerZod, 1974 wels cixis samxreT kedelTan aRmoaCines ganZi, romelic ax. w. II saukuniT TariRdeba. gonios cixis udidesi istoriuli da kulturuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos mTavrobam 1994 wels igi muzeum-nakrZalad gamoacxada, 1995 wlidan ki aq yovelwliurad gegmazomieri arqeologiuri samuSaoebi mimdinareobs.
2018 wels pirvelad qarTul-polonuri erToblivi arqeologiuri eqspediciis gaTxrebi gonio-afsarosis cixis kedlebs gareT Catarda. aq samuSaoebi welsac mimdinareobs. arqeologebis varaudiT, Tavdapirvelad romaul cixes gansxvavebuli forma da zoma hqonda, rac daadastura gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenilma TavdacviTi kedlis saZirkvlis orma rigma. aRsaniSnavia, rom isini gansxvavdeba ara marto konstruqciiT, aramed TariRiTac. adreuli kedeli afsarosis pirveli romauli garnizonis adgilsamyofeli unda yofiliyo. imasac varaudoben, rom cixe neronis mmarTvelobis periodSi daarsda. romaelebi xSirad ubrundebodnen mas, rac dasturdeba araerTxel aRdgenili TavdacviTi kedlebiT da cixis SigniT ganlagebuli SenobebiT.
gonioSi qarTul-polonuri eqspediciebi 2012 wlidan muSaoben profesorebis SoTa mamulaZis da radoslav karasieviC-scipiorskis (varSavis universitetis arqeologiis instituti) xelmZRvanelobiT. ra saxis samuSaoebis Catarebaa dagegmili am sezonze da ra artefaqtebi aRmoaCines, am da sxva sakiTxebze saubrobs CvenTan interviuSi gonio-afsarosis muzeum-nakrZalis mmarTveli, profesori SoTa mamulaZe. interviu batonma SoTam Zeglis preistoriiT daiwyo:
– es iseTi Zeglia, romlis mixediTac SeiZleba Tvali gaadevno aq mimdinare istoriul procesebs Zv.w. VIII-VII saukuneebidan moyolebuli, TiTqmis Cvens dromde. aq gvxvdeba Semdegi saxis kulturuli fenebi: Zveli welTaRricxvis VIII-VII saukuneebis – kolxuri diunuri, Semdeg Zv.w. V s-is klasikuri, elinisturi, romauli periodis (I-III ss) yvelaze mZlavri kulturuli fena. Semdeg modis bizantiuri (VI-VII ss) da bolos XVI-XIX saukunis osmaluri kulturuli fena. es fenebi erTmaneTzea dafenili rogorc vertikalurad, ise horizontalurad, drosa da sivrceSi.
– romeli wlidan daiwyeT aq gaTxrebi da yvelaze metad romelma fenam miipyro Tqveni yuradReba?
– faqtobrivad, aq vmuSaobT 1995 wlidan, ukve Seswavlili gvaqvs sxvadasxva epoqis fenebi, sadac sakmaod saintereso artefaqtebia aRmoCenili. maTgan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa romauli fena, romelic yvelaze mZlavradaa aq warmodgenili. cixe swored am periodSi, pirveli saukunis Sua xanebSia agebuli, romelSic mesame saukunis bolomde romauli garnizonebi idgnen. werilobiTi wyaroebisa da arqeologiuri masalebis mixedviT CvenTvis cnobilia, rom aq daaxloebiT 1200-dan 1500-mde legioneri iyo ganlagebuli. wlebis ganmavlobaSi aq warmoebuli gaTxrebis Sedegad swored am epoqis Zeglebia aRmoCenili. esenia yazarmebiT dawyebuli sanhigienuri obieqtebiT damTavrebuli. maTgan unda gamoiyos pretoriumi, garnizonis meTauris sasaxle Tavisi mozaikiani abanoTi, wyalgayvanilobis Tu kanalizaciis sistemebi da a.S.
– rac Seexeba sakuTriv arqeologiur masalas?
– masala, didi raodenobiTaa warmodgenili, dawyebuli Zv.w. VIII-VII ss-dan TiTqmis osmaluri periodis CaTvliT. dReisaTvis fondebSi ukve inaxeba 42 aTasze meti eqsponati. maT Soris bevria unika-luri nimuSi. Amopovebuli masalebisa da werilobiTi monacemebis Sepirispirebis safuZvelze, SeiZleba met-naklebad srulyofili warmodgena viqonioT aqauri uZvelesi mosaxleobis savaWro ekonomikur Tu kulturul urTierTobebze berZnul, elinistur, romaul, bizantiur Tu aRmosavlur samyarosTan.
– rac Seexeba mimdinare wels, ra siaxleebi gaqvT?
– wels Cven vmuSaobT varSavis universitetis arqeologebTan da studentebTan erTad. Aagvistos Sua ricxvebidan erTobliv eqspediciaSi CaerTvebian italiis fereras universitetis specialistebic. vmuSaobT 4 ubanze. pirveli jgufi cixis Crdilo-aRmosavleT monakveTSi awarmoebs samuSaoebs. meore ubani cixis samxreT aRmosavleTi monakveTia, sadac ori uzarmazari yazarmis naSTia aRmoCenili. mesame jgufi muSaobs cixis samxreT-dasavleT monakveTSi, sadac aseve yazarmebis nagebobaTa naSTebia. meoTxe razmi swavlobs cixis centralur monakveTs, sadac pretoriumi da mozrdili hidravlikurxsnariani iatakis mqone Senobis naSTebia. rac Seexeba masalebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom samuSaoebi axla daviwyeT, sakmaod bevria da saintereso. keramikuli masalidan gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos amforebi, romelic warmodgenilia xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveeynebis sxvadasxva sawarmoo centridan. aseve mravlad gvxvdeba nivTebi samxeT-aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTis sawarmoo centrebidan. yuradReba miipyro saintereso formebis wiTellakianma keramikam. aRmoCenilia qarTuli sinamdvilisaTvis iSviaTi minis da liTonis nakeTobani. yvelaze did aRmoCenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos vercxlisgan damzadebuli nominalebi – monetebis ganZi, romelic vipoveT cixis samxreT-aRmosavleT monakveTze. monetebze gamosaxulia neroni, pontos mefe polemon meore, iulia domna. zogierTi nominali sakmaod iSviaT egzemplarTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba. magaliTad, moneta, romelzedac iulia domna samefo kverTxiTaa gamosaxuli. msgavsi nimuSi qarTuli arqeologiisaTvis ucnobia. gaTxrebi grZeldeba, vnaxoT, kidev ra siaxleebTan gveqneba saqme.
– polonel kolegebTan ra xnis urTierToba gakavSirebT?
– ukve 6 welia vTanamSromlobT. xelSekruleba jer kidev 2012 wels gavaformeT. 2013 wlidan erTad varT. xelSekrulebis mixedviT, TanamSromloba gagrZeldeba 2020 wlis CaTvliT. gaTxrebis garda, dagegmilia erToblivi samecniero produqciis Seqmna qarTul, polonur Tu inglisur enebze. paralelurad, gonios cixis Sesaxeb inglisur enaze mzaddeba ortomeuli, romelic gamoicema varSavis universitetSi maTive dafinansebiT.
– ras gvaZlevs maTTan TanamSromloba, Cvens Zegls ucxoelebi ratom unda ikvlevdnen?
– maT Zalian kargi, uaxlesi teqnologiebi aqvT, rasac viyenebT geofizikuri dazvervisaTvis, keramikuli nivTebis qimiuri analizebisaTvis, sxvadasxva saxis kvlevebisaTvis. wels dagegmili gvaqvs gonio-afsarosidan maxos midamoebamde arsebuli teritoriis skanireba, rac Semdgomi kvleva-ZiebisTvis zustad dagvakvalianebs. gasagebi iqneba, ra saxis Zeglebis naSTebia SemorCenili rogorc miwis zeviT, ise miwaSi. marTlac nayofieri TanamSromloba gvaqvs. varSavis universiteti gvexmareba muzeumTan arsebuli biblioTekis axali arqeologiuri gamocemebiT SevsebaSi. gansakuTrebiT sasixaruloa is, rom Cveni axalgazrda specialistebi maTi dafinansebiT staJirebas Tu saswavlo kursebs gadian varSavis universitetSi. vapirebT SemdgomSic iq gavgzavnoT rogorc magistrantebi, ise doqtorantebi, raTa daeuflon evropis arqeologiis uaxles miRwevebs. imedia, TanamSromloba gagrZeldeba samomavlodac.
– adgilobrivi arqeologebi visi dafinansebiT axorcielebT gaTxrebs da Semdgom samuSaoebs?
– Cven samuSaoebs vaxorcielebT aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos daxmarebiT, romelic 2011 wlidan gvafinansebs. aseve, maTive daxmarebiT movaxerxeT cixesTan axlos arsebuli arqeologiuri bazis keTilmowyoba, sadac erTdroulad ganTavsdeba 30-mde stumari. Cveni poloneli kolegebi swored aq arian ganTavsebuli gaTxrebisa da muSaobis periodSi. aqve gvaqvs mowyobili uaxlesi teqnologiebiT aRWurvili laboratoria gaTxrebis dros napovni liTonis specialuri xsnariT dasamuSaveblad. axlaxan SeviZineT aparati liTonis nakeTobaTa ZiebisaTvis. dagegmilia meti teqnikuri siaxleebis SeZena, maTi damontaJeba Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis.
– gamodis, srulad xarT aRWurvili am kuTxiT. . .
– raRacebi gvaqvs, magram, samwuxarod, yovelive is, rac aucilebelia Tanamedrove arqeologiuri samuSaoebis srulyofilad CatarebisTvis da rac dResdReobiT gaaCniaT ucxoeTis analogiur dawesebulebebs, Cven jerjerobiT ar gvaqvs. imedia, TandaTan mivalT am srulyofamdec.
– sad gamoifineba aRmoCenili nivTebi?
– mopovebuli masalebi gonios muzeumis fondebSia ganTavsebuli, xolo iSviaTi nimuSebi gamofenilia gonios muzeumSi.
– ra aris amJamad yvelaze mwvave problema, romelic gaqvT?
– Cven amJamad vmuSaobT cixis Sida teritoriaze, xolo mTliani naqalaqari cixis SemogarenSia gaSlili. arsebobs problemebi gareT muSaobis TvalsazrisiT, radgan iqauri miwebi fermerebis sakuTrebaa. Tu sakiTxi ar mogvarda saxelmwifos da kerZo seqtors Soris, arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom arqeologiuri gaTxrebi ver Catardes srulyofilad. dazverviTi samuSaoebis mixedviT dasturdeba, rom ipodromi da Teatri gareT unda iyos. gonio-afsarosis cixesimagre amierkavkasiaSi erTaderTi Zeglia, romelsac, rogorc prokopi kesarieli aRniSnavs, gaaCnia ipodromi da Teatri. darwmunebulni varT, rom cixis gareTaa Zalian mdidari samarovanic da sxva iseTi nagebobac, rac qalaqis infrastruqturisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. mjera, am mimarTulebiTac gadaidgmeba pozitiuri nabijebi da SesaZlebloba mogvecema, farTo masStabiT gavSaloT samuSaoebi cixis gareT, naqalaqaris teritoriaze.
– rogorc vici, mag teritoriebze fermerebs miwa ara aqvT gadacemuli sakuTrebaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT imarTeboda saprotesto aqciebi meriis Tu aWaris mTavrobis win. . .
– fermerebma sakuTrebaSi miwa unda miiRon. am xalxsac awvalebdnen – 2007 wels gadasces miwis nakveTebi sakuTrebaSi, 2010-Si – CamoarTves. axla isev gadacemis procesi mimdinareobs. Tu xelisufleba dainteresdeba, problemis gadaWra SeiZleba ise, rom glexic kmayofili iyos da Zeglic gadarCes.
– mimdinareobs Tu ara aRmoCenili Zeglebis konservacia?
– diax, aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos dafinansebiT, amas Cven vaxerxebT gaTxrebis dasrulebisTanave. aRmoCenil nagebobaTa naSTebs momdevno welsve vamagrebT, aRvadgenT da vunaxavT momaval Taobebs.
– dasrulda Tu ara am ubanze mimdinare aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi?
– aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentosa da biZina ivaniSvilis `qarTu fondis~ dafinansebiT, dasrulda galavnis kedlebSi arsebuli dazianebebis da iq CaSenebuli 18-ve koSkis sareabilitacio samuSaoebi. dReisaTvis safrTxe aRar emuqreba kulturuli memkvidreobis am umdidres Zegls.
– gisurvebT warmatebebs!
