არქეოლოგიურმა გათხრებმა აჭარა ლამის სრულად მოიცვა
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
wina wlebTan SedarebiT, wels yvelaze didi dafinanseba gamoiyo arqeologiuri gaTxrebisaTvis, romelsac aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagento axorcielebs. gaTxrebi mimdinareobs regionis ramdenime municipalitetSi, maT Soris, xelvaCaurSi, qobuleTsa da xuloSi
aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentom sxvadasxva wlebSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebi awarmoa xelvaCauris sofel kapnisTavsa da Suaxevis municipalitetis sofel jabniZeebSic. kapnisTavSi aRmoCenilia adre Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebuli marani, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom aqaur mkvidrTa sameurneo saqmianobis ZiriTadi dargi mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba yofila. aseve did yuradRebas iqcevs yurReleSi aRmoCenili brinjaos metalurgiis uZvelesi kera, romelic adasturebs, rom aWara brinjaos xanaSic ki warmoadgenda sakacobrio civilizaciis umniSvnelovanes keras.
rac Seexeba sofel jabniZeebs, aq Suaxevis municipalitetis maSindeli gamgeblis, tariel ebraliZis iniciativiT Catarda arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, romelmac moicva qaSueTis ubani. gaTxrebis dros gamoikveTa ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebuli (XI-XIII ss) darbazuli tipis eklesia Tavisi samarxebiT, romlis mimdebare teritoriaze aRmoCenilia igive periodis sxvadasxvagvari keramikis fragmentebi.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs arqeologiuri samuSaoebi fiWvnaris dasaxlebaSi. iq gaTxrebi or ubanze warmoebs: antikuri xanis namosaxlarsa da Z.w. V saukunis kolxuri samarovanis teritoriaze. eqspedicias xelmZRvanelobs profesori amiran kaxiZe. uxucesma arqeologma, arqeologiis muzeumis direqtorma mokled mimoixila aq warmoebuli samuSaoebi da madlierebiT moixsenia mTavrobis wvlili am saqmeSi.
– ukve wlebia, fiWvnars vikvlevT. darwmunebuli var, kidev bevri aRmoCena gvelodeba iq, sadac uzarmazari, saidumloebiT moculi uZvelesi naqalaqari mdebareobs da saukunovani mtveri adevs. Cveni mizania am saidumloebis erTxel da samudamod amoxsna, rasac calkeuli fragmentebis meSveobiT aRvadgenT. SarSan fiWvnaris tradiciuli gaTxrebi ganvaxorcieleT – namWdeuris gora-samosaxloze da berZnul-kolxur samarovanze. monapovarTa Soris yuradRebas ipyrobs rTva-qsovasTan, meTevzeobasTan, metalurgiasTan dakavSirebuli artefaqtebi. rac Seexeba berZnul samarovans, aRmoCnda elinTa dasakrZalavi moedani. mogexsenebaT, araerTi cnoba gvaqvs kolxebTan dakavSirebiT. gaixseneT, Tundac argonavtebis miTi, magram elinur eTnosTan dakavSirebuli Zeglebi aqamde ar gvqonia, axla ki mTeli nekropoli (mkvdarTa qalaqi) gavTxareT da muSavdeba iq mopovebuli artefaqtebi. didebuli wignebic gamoveciT. saintereso iyo kolxebis samarovanic, romelic isev Seswavlis procesSia. wlevandeli eqspediciiT ganisazRvra, rom pirveli ubani – fiWvnaris naqalaqaris erT-erTi gora-namosaxlaria. Cveulebriv, aq warmodgenilia ramdenime kulturuli fena. amJamad elinisturi xanis naSTebia. dafiqsirda adgilobrivi da importuli keramikis fragmentebi, sacxovrebeli nagebobis xis naSTebi. meore ubani V saukunis kolxuri samarovania. aq gamoCnda 7 samarxi adgilobrivi WurWliT, mZivebiT. minda xazi gavusva im garemoebas, rom Cveni gaTxrebiT dainteresda mTavroba, romelic gvewvia adgilze da nebismier sakiTxSi daxmareba aRgviqva. am bolo dros marTlac xSirad gvexmarebian da gvafinanseben, raTa vawarmooT arqeologiuri gaTxrebi da SeviswavloT axali teritoriebi, – gviTxra amiran kaxiZem.
am sferoSi siaxlea isic, rom wels pirvelad dafinansdeba arqeologiuri gaTxrebi beSumSi. ganxorcieldeba goderZis uReltexilis mimdebare teritoriis, maT Soris, beSumis dasaxlebis istoriuli, eTnoarqeologiuri da kartografiuli kvleva.
pirvelad apireben aseve gonios cixis gare perimetris Seswavlasac, romelic aqamde mxolod mcire sadazvervo samuSaoebiT Semoifargleboda, rasac jerjerobiT realuri Sedegi ar gamouRia. aRsaniSnavia, rom gonio-afsarosis cixeze qarTul-polonuri eqspediciis samuSaoebi 2012 wlidan daiwyo, rodesac polonurma mxarem Caatara geodeziuri da geofizikuri kvlevebi. Sedegad SeirCa yvelaze perspeqtiuli ubani, sadac Zveli abanos naSTebi dafiqsirda. aqve aRmoCnda geometriuli motivebiT Sesrulebuli mozaika. romauli kulturis gavrcelebis arealSi mravali mozaikaa Seswavlili, magram gonios nimuSi gansakuTrebulia. esaa romaeli samxedroebis mier TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis Sesrulebuli maRali donis mozaikuri mxatvroba, rac iSviaTobaa. am periodiT – ax.w. I saukunis meore naxevriT daTariRebuli aseTi aRmoCena aWaraSi pirvelia. saqarTvelos sxva mxareebSi msgavsi nimuSebi Zalian cotaa da, rogorc wesi, adgilobrivi elitisaTvisaa gankuTvnili. savaraudod, es abano vespasianes mmarTvelobis (69-79 ww) drosaa agebuli.
ra xdeba am sferoSi, ra TanxiT finansdeba arqeologiuri eqspediciebi da ras gegmaven samomavlod, amaze da sxva sakiTxebze gvesaubreba aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos direqtori zaur axvlediani.
– batono zaur, romeli wlidan daiwyo saagentom gaTxrebis dafinanseba?
– 2011 wlidan, rac saagento arsebobs. biujeti xSirad gamoyofda Tanxas arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dasafinanseblad. Tavidan dafinanseba mcire iyo, radgan ZiriTadi nawili xmardeboda muzeumebs da universitets, magram bolo ori-sami weliwadia, rac intensiurad vafinansebT konkretul arqeologiur gaTxrebs.
– xom ver dagvikonkretebdiT Tanxis raodenobas?
– SarSan, 2018 wels, gamoiyo 85 aTasi lari, romelic moxmarda gonios, gvaras, xixans da fiWvnars, igive moculobis Tanxa iyo 2017 welsac, xolo wels, 2019 wlis biujetisTvis gvqonda 115 aTasi lari, saidanac 20 aTasi gamovyaviT fiWvnaris naqalaqarze. arqeologiuri gaTxrebisaTvis tenderi gamocxadda, romelic arqeologiis muzeumma moigo. momavali wlisTvis isev vgegmavT, gavzardoT arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dafinanseba, vinaidan fiWvnarSi sakmaod didi Zeglia Sesaswavli. aseve 30 aTasi lari gamovyaviT beSumisTvis, sadac SarSan daiwyo arqeologiuri samuSaoebi. wels aris gaTxrebis meore etapi, romelsac uZRveba baTumis SoTa rusTavelis universiteti. eqspedicias xelmZRvaneloben nugzar mgelaZe da Temur tunaZe. Aaseve, gonios cixeSi, ramdenime lokaciaze mimdinareobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, sadac saagentos mecnier-TanamSromlebi muSaoben. aq konkretuli Tanxa ar gamogviyvia, radgan varSavis universitetis da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos erToblivi eqspediciaa, romelsac varSavis universiteti afinansebs.
– iyo saubari gvaras cixis gaTxrebzec. iq isev mimdinareobs samuSaoebi?
– ara, wels dasrulda gaTxrebi gvaras cixeze da samomavlod vgegmavT cixis konservacia-restavraciis proeqtis SeZenas.
– gonios cixis gare perimetris Seswavlisa da gaTxrebisaTvis aucilebelia mosaxleobasTan molaparakeba. es miwebi privatizebulia?
– vgegmavT mosaxleobasTan molaparakebas, raTa ramdenime kerZo nakveTze vawarmooT gaTxrebi. rac Seexeba gonios miwebs, ukve privatizebuli aqvs mosaxleobas, magram iq dauSvebelia mSenebloba, vinaidan gonios cixis irgvliv daaxloebiT 500-metriani radiusi arqeologiuri Zeglis statusis mqonea. kanoniT, arqeologiur zonaSi dauSvebelia miwiszeda, miwisqveSa samuSaoebi, rame saxis mSenebloba da a.S.
– kerZo miwebze gaTxrebs dauSveben?
– am sakiTxis dayenebamde Sesaswavlia mTeli teritoria. Cven, albaT, uaxloes periodSi, isev varSavis universitetis dafinansebiT da daxmarebiT movaxdenT garkveuli nawilis aeroskanirebas, ris Sedegadac gamoCndeba, sad ra nivTebi da artefaqtebi moipoveba. mecnierebis varaudiT, sxvagvarad arqeologiuri gaTxrebi ver iqneba srulyofili. wyaroebis mixedviT, gonio-afsarosis cixesimagre amierkavkasiaSi erTaderTi Zeglia, romelsac, rogorc prokopi kesarieli aRniSnavs, gaaCnia ipodromi da Teatri. darwmunebuli varT, rom cixis gareTaa Zalian mdidari samarovanic da sxva iseTi nagebobanic, rac qalaqis infrastruqturisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Tuki aeroskanirebiT dadasturda es monacemebi, cixis gareT, naqalaqaris teritoriaze samuSaoebis farTo masStabiT gaSlis SesaZlebloba mogvecema.
– mosaxleoba ar iqneba winaaRmdegi?
– miRweulia SeTanxmeba da gvpirdebian, rom gaTxrebs xels ar SeuSlian. rogorc ki gamoCndeba garkveuli Tanxa, daviwyebT ufro farTomasStabian dazvervas.
– mosaxleobis mimarT pretenziebs gamoTqvamen fiWvnaris gaTxrebis monawile arqeologebi. maTi TqmiT, ukve karga xania am teritoriebidan xdeba silis mitaceba da ra aRmoCnda masSi, aravin icis, radgan aravis moutania Zveli nivTis fragmentic ki. am kuTxiT ras apirebT?
– fiWvnarSi arian TanamSromlebi, romlebic icaven am teritorias. adre ufro zamTrobiT xdeboda silis dataceba, rac wels da SarSan ar yofila. piradad me 1998 wlidan daviwye fiWvnaris gaTxrebze muSaoba da maxsovs, maSinac iyo aseTi cudi SemTxvevebi. samwuxaroa, rom mosaxleoba ase eqceva am teritorias, Tumca maqsimalurad vakontrolebT da qobuleTis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuric cdilobs, dagvexmaros. Cven am etapze fiWvnaris garkveuli teritoriis zonirebis statusze vmuSaobT. uaxloes periodSi warvadgenT rukas saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis erovnul saagentoSi fiWvnarisTvis arqeologiuri zonis statusis miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT.
– rogorc cnobilia, miwebis nawili investorebze gasxvisda. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom iq aRmoCndes arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis artefaqtebi. rogor kontroldeba am nakveTebze mimdinare mSeneblobebi?
– garkveuli teritoria marTlac gasxvisda, Tumca is konkretuli nakveTebi yvela etapiT SevamowmeT da iq ar aris arqeologiuri ubnebi. im teritorias, Tundac zonis gareT darCenil ubnebsac akontroleben arqeologebi. saZirkvlebsac ki Cveni zedamxedvelobiT Txrian.
– xixanis cixis gaTxrebi dasrulda?
– iq arqeologiuri gaTxrebi sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. samuSaoebi xixanis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sesaxeb wignis gamocemiT dagvirgvinda, romelsac gadavcemT universitetebs, saswavlo-samecniero centrebs, saministroebs. ZiriTadad ki, ra Tqma unda, dainteresebuli pirebisTvis da arqeologebisTvis iqneba xelmisawvdomi.
cnobisaTvis: xixanis cixe ekuTvnoda abuserisZeTa Zlier feodalur sagvareulos, romelmac gamorCeuli roli iTamaSa erTiani saqarTvelosaTvis brZolaSi da mudam mefis momxreebi iyvnen. eqspediciam Seiswavla sasaxle da XIII saukunis eklesia, romelic, rogorc abuserisZe tbelis Txzulebidan vigebT, TviT mas auSenebia bakoelTa didi ZalisxmeviT. arqeologiuri gaTxrebi Catarda cixis erT-erT, meoTxe koSkSi. samuSaoebis pirvel etapze, sasaxleSi eqspediciam Seiswavla 25-qvevriani marani. im agrokulturul zonaSi, sadac xixanis cixe mdebareobs, yurZeni ar xarobs, magram savaraudod, yurZeni barSi iwureboda, tkbils ki asxamdnen qvevrebSi dasaduReblad. marani XI-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom Semdgom etapze eqspediciam gaTxrebis Sedegad 43 qvevri aRmoaCina, cixesimagris erT-erT koSkSi ki mcirekalibriani zarbaznis Wurvebi.
aWaraSi marTlac farTo masStabiT gaiSala arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis samuSaoebi ramdenime ubanze. am kuTxiT mTavrobis dainteresebam kidev ufro meti Sansi misca mecnierebs, ewarmoebinaT sadazvervo samuSaoebi, romelic cxadia, kidev ufro met aRmoCenas da axal-axali Zeglebis arsebobis damadasturebel artefaqtebs mogvitans. es ki TavisTavad, ufro metad momxibvlels gaxdis turistebisTvis Cvens uZveles, saintereso da idumalebiT mocul qveyanas.
