,,ტურიზმზე გათვლა დამანგრევლად მოქმედებს ქვეყნის ეკონომიკაზე”
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
laris kursis bolodroindeli gaufasureba ekonomikaSi arsebul problemebze rom miuTiTebs, amaze aRaravin daobs. ekonomikis gamowvevebs Soris upirvelesi faqtori – qveyana mets moixmars, vidre awarmoebs, larzec aisaxeba
eqspertebis gancxadebiT: `Cveni sagareo-savaWro brunva ukiduresad uaryofiTia. importi daaxloebiT 2.7-jer aRemateba eqsports, rac imas niSnavs, rom Cveni ekonomika yovel generirebul erT dolarze 2,7 dolars kargavs importze gasawevi xarjebis TvalsazrisiT~.
igive azrs aviTarebs baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis universitetis profesori vaJa veruliZe. misi TqmiT, qveyana, romelic mxolod turizms eyrdnoba, ganwirulia. gTavazobT masTan intervius.
– batono vaJa, laris kursis seriozuli ryeva abnevs da afrTxobs sazogadoebas, radgan, rogorc wesi, msgavsi procesi fasebis mkveTri aweviTa da inflaciiT mTavrdeba.
– daviwyoT imiT, rom es ar aris pirveli SemTxveva. ukve wlebia, rac lari dolarTan mimarTebaSi sakmaod seriozul ryevas ganicdis. amitom vTvli, rom am situacias sazogadoeba ase Tu ise, SeeCvia da amJamindeli procesic gasakviri aRaravisTvis unda iyos.
– mainc ra iwvevs am procesebs da Tu unda gvqondes gamosworebis imedi?
– amis gamomwvevia samomxmareblo bazris importze damokidebulebis maRali xarisxi (75%), rac, TavisTavad, laris ryevasac da inflaciasac ganapirobebs. am viTarebaSi erovnuli bankis Careva myisier zegavlenas axdens, magram grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, bunebrivia, mas amis arc unari da arc resursi ar gaaCnia. cxadia, procesebi gagrZeldeba manam, sanam es problema aqtualuri iqneba.
– raSia gamosavali?
– amis aRmosafxvrelad aucilebeli da gadaudebeli RonisZieba gaxlavT qveynis SigniT erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTareba, rac sakmaod neli tempiT mimdinareobs. rac Seexeba erovnul banks, igi laris dolarTan mimarTebaSi gaufasurebis procesis SeCerebas ver moaxerxebs. erTaderTi, rac mas ZaluZs, myisieri Careva da erTi-ori dRis ganmavlobaSi kursis SenarCunebaa. sxva meqanizmi mas ar gaaCnia, Tu ar CavTvliT refinansirebis ganakveTs, romelic amJamad aris 6,5%.
– rac Seexeba im 40 milions, romelic erovnulma bankma bazarze gamoitana – dagvianebuli iyo?
– diax, is fuli `daikarga~ da Sedegi ver moitana. rodesac am RonisZiebas dagvianebulad moixseniebs profesional ekonomistTa garkveuli wre, gulisxmoben molodinebis marTvas, anu vidre gamwvavdeba molodini, rom aris problema – dolarze Zalian didi moTxovna da a.S. manamde unda gaakeTos es, rac erovnuli bankis funqciaa. Tu daakvirdebiT, mTavroba laris ryevas swored am molodinebs ukavSirebs, magram is, rom Tavad unda gardaqmnas negatiuri molodini pozitiurad, ratomRac yuradRebis miRma rCeba. adamianTa ganwyobaze Zalian bevri ramaa damokidebuli, ganwyobis Teoriebic ki arsebobs, romelsac Seiswavlian mecnierul doneze.
– arsebobs Tu ara saqarTveloSi saTanado ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, romelic qveynis bazris ganviTarebas uwyobs xels, anu saxelmwifo ramdenad ereva biznesSi, aris Tu ara saTanado samarTlebrivi garemo kerZo sakuTrebis dasacavad?
– sakanonmdeblo TavlsazrisiT rom dasaregulirebelia Zalian bevri ram, ori azri ar arsebobs. es problema jer kidev wina mowvevis parlamentis winaSe idga, Tumca maSin bevri ram ver Tu ar daaregulires. axlac unda msjelobdnen xarvezebze, Tumca jer araviTari Sedegi ar Cans. rac Seexeba bizness, me am kuTxiT ar var kompetenturi, magram saxelmwifo sworedac unda Caerios biznessaqmianobaSi samarTlebrivi bazis gamartivebis gziT, rac gauadvilebs mewarmeebs muSaobas. xarvezia laris ryevac, rac ar aZlevs bizness grZelvadiani perspeqtivebis gaTvlis saSualebas, uqmnis mas araprognozirebad garemos, amitomac reagireben mewarmeebi ise, rogorc reagireben.
– ra sistemiT iTvleba da dgindeba laris kursi ucxour valutasTan mimarTebaSi?
– erovnulma bankma 2018 wlis ianvridan Seitana cvlilebebi erovnuli valutis dadgenis wesSi. es gulisxmobda oficialuri kursis realur sabazro kursTan daaxloebas. kerZod, manamde erovnuli banki oficialur kurss dadebuli garigebebiT iTvlida mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca blumbergis savaWro sistemaSi vaWrobis moculoba aRemateboda 3 milion dolars. Tu vaWroba amaze naklebi iyo, oficialuri kursi iTvleboda dRevandelTan erTad wina samuSao dRis garigebebis saSualo maCveneblebis gamoangariSebiT. 2018 wlidan erovnulma bankma Secvala aRniSnuli wesi da vaWrobis 3-milioniani moTxovna 1,5 milion dolaramde Seamcira. axla laris oficialuri kursi iTvleba samuSao dReebSi, dReSi erTxel da warmoadgens wina savaWro dRes savaluto bazarze, blumbergis savaWro sistemaSi dadebuli garigebebis saSualo Sewonil kurss. am cvlilebis miuxedavadac, erovnulma bankma ver SeZlo viTarebis ganmuxtva da dastabilureba. es ase iqneba manam, sanam qveynis ekonomika ar gaZlierdeba da damokidebuli iqneba eqsportze. warmoeba unda ganviTardes daCqarebuli tempebiT, sxva recepti ar arsebobs, sxva gamosavali ar gvaqvs.
– mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi mudmivad aRniSnaven, rom `qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis strategia miznad isaxavs sam mimarTulebas – samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas; savaWro-saeqsporto potencialis, aseve teqnologiebis ganviTarebas~. rogor fiqrobT, romeli maTgani ganaviTares saxelmwifos saTaveSi mosvlis dRidan?
– saubrebisa da gancxadebebis mixedviT daskvna-Sefasebebs ver gavakeTeb. samwuxarod, dRemde realuri Sedegi ar Cans.
– ruseTTan viTarebis daZabvas miiCneven valutis ryevis ZiriTad mizezad. . .
– principSi, gare faqtorebi, cxadia, qveynis ekonomikaze zegavlenas axdenen. am SemTxvevaSi turizmi aqvT mxedvelobaSi. piradad me turizmze ekonomikis Camokidebis momxre ar var. ar SeiZleba turizmis ekonomika iyos mTavari qveyanaSi. jer warmoeba unda ganviTardes da mxolod am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba turizmis saerTo sistemis danamatad gaTvla. krizisebis fonze Tuki sxva araferi muSaobs, turizmze gaTvla damangrevlad moqmedebs qveynis ekonomikaze. es daadastura 2008 wlis krizis dros saberZneTis, egviptis da sxva qveynebis magaliTma.
– ra aris zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis garda, biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis mTavari?
– ZiriTadi mainc politikuri da socialuri stabilurobaa, anu rogoria qveyanaSi dasaqmebis done. yvelaferi gadabmulia erTmaneTze. gamosavali am situaciaSi erTaderTia: ar SeiZleba aseTi didi ryevebi valutis mimarTebaSi aixsnas imiT, turisti Camovida Tu ara. Tuki qveyana turistis mosvla-wasvlazea damokidebuli, es aris CvenTvis saxifaTo da saSiSi. es ar aris mxolod Cemi azri, sakmaod gavrcelebuli, gamocdilebiT dadasturebuli aqsiomaa. Tuki sezoni Cavarda, aucilebelia gagvaCndes saTadarigo varianti. yvela qveyana, romelic turistul ekonomikaze iyo damokidebuli, seriozulad dazaralda.
– turizmis garda, romeli mimarTulebis ganviTarebaa CvenTan SesaZlebeli?
– imis, romelSic sakmaod myari resursi gagvaCnia. vgulisxmob soflis meurneobas. es unda iyos nomer pirveli dargi, romelic Sematebs saxelmwifos Semosavals, Torem Cvens sinamdvileSi gaqvs Semdegi mocemuloba: dolars yidulobs is, visac importuli saqoneli Semoaqvs, Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi dolari ar Semodis. amitomacaa deficiti. saidan unda Semovides? Cven unda gavyidoT erovnuli produqcia. am kuTxiT aucilebelia soflis meurneobidan produqtebis gadasamuSavebeli sawarmoebisTvis seriozuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis daweseba. esec garkveul rols iTamaSebs produqciis warmoebis gazrdasa da eqsportze gatanaSi.
– sxva dargebis ganviTarebaze ras ityviT?
– sxva dargebs rac Seexeba, jer qveyanaSi amis resursi ar Cans, aAmitom rac ukve Cans, imas unda SevuwyoT xeli. ra Tqma unda, sxva kuTxiTac SeiZleba mimarTulebebis gansazRvra da muSaoba, magram jer mivxedoT imas, raSic Warbi resursi ukve gamoikveTa. aucilebelia qveyanas gaaCndes TviTkmari ekonomika: jer Tavad saqarTvelos mosaxleoba unda dakmayofildes, xolo Warbi produqcia gavitanoT ucxoeTSi. amis gareSe Cven mudmivad zemoT wamoWrili problemis wreze vitrialebT.
– mTavroba sakmaod did Tanxas debs soflis meurneobis dargebis ganviTarebaSi, Tumca mudmivad acxadebs, rom dargulma nergma nayofi rom gamoiRos, droa saWiro. dro gadis, Tumca Sedegi ar Cans. bazars isev da isev ucxoeTidan Semoziduli xil-bostneuli da vin icis, rodis da ramdenjer gayinuli xorceuli amagrebs.
– mxolod Tanxis Cadeba arafers moitans. saxelmwifo Tavad unda monawileobdes soflis meurneobis proeqtebSi, produqciis realizaciaSi iseve, rogorc evropul qveynebSia. am etapze am dargis TviTdinebaze miSveba gaumarTlebelia. me sxva kuTxiT davsvamdi sakiTxs: ar mivceT fuli fermerebs, magram realizaciis problema movuxsnaT. am SemTxvevaSi igive fermeri bankidan sesxs aiRebs, moiwevs saTanado raodenobis mosavals da mogebasac miiRebs. es aris bazris martivi meqanizmi. motivacia unda iyos. yvelam viciT, rom am wlebis ganmavlobaSi soflebSi karga gvariani Tanxaa darigebuli, magram am fuls Sedegi ar moutania, radgan motivacia ar hqondaT – moyvanili produqciis realizacia ver SeZles. rodesac fermers veubnebiT: Tavad daamyare kavSirebi da gaitane produqti ucxoeTSio, cxadia, is amas ver SeZlebs, radgan saTanado kvalifikacia ar gaaCnia da romc hqondes, saxelmwifos erT-erTi funqciaa, xeli Seuwyos rogorc fermers, ise sawarmoebs produqciis realizaciaSi.
– vinc umuSevaria, is rom Zalian cud dReSia, gasagebia, magram vinc vmuSaobT anu gvaqvs xelfasi, isinic rom ufulod vrCebiT xelfasis pirvelive dReebSi, esec faqtia.
– xelfasebis problema aris imitom, rom ekonomika ar muSaobs qveyanaSi. biujeti ver ivseba saTanadod, radgan Raribi anu dabalxelfasiani da dabalSemosavliani gadamxdelebi hyavs. cxadia, arc xelfasebia maRali. esec erTmaneTze akinZuli jaWvia. Tu Cven bevri mewarme gveyoleba, met gadasaxads gadaixdis da maSin yovelTviur xelfasze damokidebuli moqalaqeebisaTvis biujetidan meti xelfasis gadaxda SeiZleba, magram am viTarebaSi, ra Tqma unda, yvelaferi rTulia. amitom aqsiomaa, rom qveyanas unda hqondes ganviTarebuli ekonomika im dargebiT, risi resursic mas realurad gaaCnia. mewarmeebi, Tundac mecxoveleobis, meTevzeobis Tu mefrinveleobis kuTxiT dasaqmebulebi Riad aRniSnaven, rom uzarmazari gadasaxadis gamo uWirT konkurencia gauwion imports, romelic mdare xarisxis, magram iafiani produqciiT avsebs bazars. Tu ar mouxsnian am biznesmenebs gadasaxadebs, unda Seumciron mainc, raTa SesZlon warmoebis gazrda da maTTvis da qveynis mosaxleobisTvis sarfiani muSaoba. swored amiT unda daiwyos mTavrobam soflis meurneobis dargebis xelSewyoba da Semdeg, TavisTavad gamoCndeba gza, romliTac upriani iqneba ama Tu im konkretuli mimarTulebis ganviTareba.
– da mainc, rodis dagvadgeba saSveli da davdgebiT fexze?
– vfiqrob, saqarTvelos gaaCnia yvela resursi, raTa TviTkmari iyos. Cven ganvagebT yvelafers, rac aucilebelia normaluri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis. mxedvelobaSi maqvs, rom bunebrivi resursebiT, klimaturi Tu geografiuli monacemebiT, Tavisuflad SevZlebT rogorc mosaxleobis gamokvebas, ise produqciis eqsportze gatanas. es SesaZlebelia male moxdes – soflis meurneobis dargebis gonivruli xelSewyobiT didi dro arcaa saWiro. mTavaria, procesi daiwyos. mougvarebeli araferia. Tavdapirvelad ki aucilebelia daregulirdes samarTlebrivi baza, romelSic Zalian bevri xarvezia gasasworebeli.
