,,შეთანხმების თანახმად, სირიის ტერიტორიული მთლიანობა და ასადის ხელისუფლება შენარჩუნდება”
ნინო ცხვარაძე 591 98 24 30
yvelaze didi eTnikuri jgufi msoflioSi, romelsac sakuTari saxelmwifo ar gaaCnia – qurTebia. me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan oTxi saxelmwifos teritoriaze (TurqeTi, erayi, irani, siria) mimdinareobs gafantuli xalxisa da am suverenuli saxelmwifoebis eTnoteritoriuli dava, rac saboloo jamSi erTiani qurTuli saxelmwifos dafuZnebiT unda damTavrdes.
qurTebi TurqeTSi mudmivad idevnebian, araerTxel samxedro Zalac ki daupirispires erayisa Tu siriis teritoriebze. mainc ra aris siriaSi mimdinare procesebis realuri mizezi da rogor daiwyo konfliqti Tavis droze? am da sxva saintereso sakiTxebze `aWarasTan~ politologma aslan lorTqifaniZem isaubra.
– 2011 wlis 15 marts siriaSi daiwyo masobrivi saprotesto aqciebi, rac e.w. `arabuli gazafxulis~ nawili iyo. aprilSi es dapirispireba sunit meamboxeebsa da Siitur xelisuflebas Soris samoqalaqo omSi gadaizarda. arabul samyaroSi, CrdiloeT afrikaSi da axlo aRmosavleTSi `feradi revoluciebis~ mizani iyo am qveynebis demokratizacia da am gziT dasavluri gavlenis mopoveba-gafarToeba navTobis sabadoebze, Tumca feradma revoluciebma `vardebis revoluciis~ bedi gaiziares da am qveynebSi kidev ufro mkacri arademokratiuli reJimebi miviReT. baasis partia 1963 wlidan siriis xelisuflebaSia, xolo 1971 wlidan sirias baSar al-asadis ojaxi marTavs. swored am reJimis dasrulebas iTxovdnen meamboxeebi, Tumca konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi maleve iqcnen msoflios didi saxelmwifoebis mier marTul SeiaraRebul jgufebad, romelTa interesia siriis navTobis sabadoebze kontrolis mopoveba. siriaSi dsT-is miRma erTaderTi rusuli samxedro-sazRvao baza funqcionirebs. rusebma gazardes SeiaraRebisa da samxedro teqnikis raodenoba siriaSi. iranmac Seiyvana Tavisi regularuli samxedro Zalebi am qveyanaSi. swored ruseTis da iranis daxmarebiT moaxerxa diqtatorma baSar al-asadma Zalauflebis SenarCuneba. siriis teritoriaze imyofeba amerikuli da Turquli samxedro Zalebic. evropelebi mxolod sahaero dartymebiT erTvebodnen siriis omSi. am omSi CarTvis sababad dasavleTi da ruseTi iyenebdnen `islamur saxelmwifosTan~ brZolis aucileblobas. realurad ki am omis mizania siriaze gavlenis mopoveba, am qveynis teritoriaze sxvadasxva dainteresebuli qveynis gazsadenebisa da navTobsadenebis gatareba, bunebrivi resursebis kontroli, rac axlo aRmosavleTSi da xmelTaSua zRvaze gavlenis gaZlierebas niSnavs, – gviTxra aslan lorTqifaniZem.
– batono aslan, ra xdeba dRes siriaSi?
– 2012 wels siriis oficialuri xelisufleba sakuTari teritoriis mxolod mesameds akontrolebda, axla ki or mesamedze mets. Aaxlaxan aSS-ma ganacxada, rom misi mizani siriaSi, romelic gamoixateboda `islamuri saxelmwifos~ damarcxebaSi, Seasrula da moulodnelad samxedroebis umravlesoba CrdiloaRmosavleT siriidan gaiyvana. mcire nawili datova navTobis sabadoebisa da israel-iordaniis sazRvris dasacavad. amerikuli Zalebis gayvanis dasrulebas, 9 oqtombers, mohyva TurqeTis samxedro operacia siriis qurTebiT dasaxlebul, mosazRvre regionebze, anu amerikelebis mier kontrolirebadi sivrcis dakaveba Turqebma daiwyes, rasac 15 oqtombers TurqeTis winaaRmdeg aSS-is ekonomikuri sanqciebi mohyva. TurqeTma cecxli Sewyvita mas Semdeg, rac aSS daTanxmda TurqeTis moTxovnas – e. w. siria-TurqeTis sazRvris 480 kilometrze da siriis teritoriis siRrmeSi 32 kilometrze usafrTxo, buferuli zonis Seqmnas. am teritoriebidan eTnikuri qurTebis gasaxleba mimdinareobs da mis adgils savaraudod TurqeTis ltolvilTa banakebSi myofi sirieli arabebi daikaveben. am qmedebiT TurqeTs surs, gawyvitos saxmeleTo kavSiri siriel da TurqeTSi mcxovreb qurTebs Soris. aSS-is mokavSire siriis demokratiuli Zalebi iZulebuli gaxdnen Turqebisgan Tavi daicvan maT yofil mterTan – baSar asadTan TanamSromlobiT da am mizniT maT siriis samTavrobo jarebi kontrolirebad teritoriaze SeuSves. am etapze siriaSi gavlenis sferoebis gamalebuli, xelaxali gadanawileba mimdinareobs ruseTs, TurqeTs, iransa da aSS-s Soris. am gadanawilebis dinamikiT cxadi xdeba, rom siriaSi dominant poziciebs ruseTi inarCunebs. male sirias yvela qveynis samxedroebi datoveben garda ruseTis sazRvao-samxedro Zalebisa, romlebic konfliqtis dawyebamdec iyvnen bazirebuli. siria-TurqeTis sazRvarze rusi da Turqi samxedro policielebi ganaxorcieleben patrulirebas.
– gamwvavdeba Tu ara ruseTisa da TurqeTis dapirispireba da ramdenad SesaZlebelia, rom igi farTomasStabian samxedro konfliqtSi gadaizardos?
– aSS tovebs sirias, mTavar moTamaSed ruseTi rCeba, romelic cdilobs nawilobriv daakmayofilos TurqeTisa da iranis interesebi. gasul kviras, qalaq soWSi TurqeTma ruseTTan 10-punqtian SeTanxmebas miaRwia, rac am etapze dapirispirebas gamoricxavs, momavalSi ki am ori qveynis urTierToba gagrZeldeba ise, rogorc iyo saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi – konkurencia-TanamSromloba-garigebebis reJimSi.
– ras iTxovs TurqeTi sirieli qurTebisgan, ra aris TurqeTis mizani?
– 35 milionamde eTnikuri qurTi TurqeTis samxreT-aRmosavleTSi, siriis Crdilo-aRmosavleTSi, erayis CrdiloeTSi, iranis CrdilodasavleTsa da somxeTis samxreT-dasavleTSi cxovrobs. qurTebis umravlesoba suniti muslimia. maTi mizani qurTistanis saxelmwifos Seqmnaa, rac bunebrivia, ar Sedis im qveynebis interesebSi, sadac isini cxovroben. sirieli qurTebi exmarebian TurqeTSi avtonomiisaTvis mebrZol daaxloebiT 40 aTasamde qurT mebrZols. TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qurTebi TurqeTis samxedro operaciis dros xSirad afareben Tavs mosazRvre siriis qurTul regionebs, iReben maTgan yvela saxis daxmarebas. ris gamoc, TurqeTi cdilobs qurTebis Turqul da siriul regionebs Soris Seqmnas buferuli zona, romelic maT kavSirs gawyvets. es mas gauadvilebs qurT separatistebTan brZolas Tavis teritoriaze. qurTebi TurqeTis mosaxleobis 15%-20% Seadgenen da yvelaze mravalricxovan eTnikur umciresobas warmoadgenen am qveyanaSi, siriaSi ki maTi raodenoba mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 9%-ia. qurTebi siriaSi dasavleTis mTavari mokavSireebi iyvnen `islamur saxelmwifosa~ da asadis reJimis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. isini imedovnebdnen, rom am brZolebis Semdeg, dasavleTis mxardaWeriT, siriaSi avtonomias Seqmnidnen, Tumca partniorebma miatoves da TurqeTisgan rom Tavi daicvan, iZulebulni arian iTanamSromlon asadis reJimTan anu ruseTTan. qurTebs avtonomia mxolod eraySi aqvT.
– ratom gavida amerika TamaSidan?
– prezidentma trampma oficialur mizezad `islamuri saxelmwifos~ damarcxeba daasaxela, Tumca amerikeli samxedroebi da misi sirieli mokavSireebi mxolod islamisturi saxelmwifos damarcxebisaTvis ar ibrZodnen. maTi mizani asadis diqtatoruli reJimis damarcxeba da siriaze gavlenis mopoveba iyo. es gamarjveba evrokavSirs saSualebas miscemda kataridan bunebrivi gazi siriis gavliT mieRo da ruseTze energodamokidebuleba Seemcirebina. natos ki xmelTaSua zRvaze konkurenti ruseTis saxiT aRar eyoleboda. 2009 wels siriam, ruseTisa da iranis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, uari Tqva kataridan, siriisa da TurqeTis gavliT, evropis kontinentisken gazsadenis mSeneblobaze. es milsadeni gamoiwvevda `gazpromis~ hegemoniis damxobas evropis kontinentze. siriam iranul-rusuli proeqti arCia. am faqtiT gaRizianebulma katarma da misma mokavSire suniturma saxelmwifoebma dasavleTTan erTad ganizraxes asadis xelisuflebis Secvla da am mizniT daafinanses, SeaiaraRes misi opoziciuri samxedro dajgufebebi. katarma daafinansa `islamuri saxelmwifoc~, Tumca 2015 wels asadma ruseTsa da irans daxmarebisTvis oficialurad mimarTa da am daxmarebiT SeZlo Zalauflebis SenarCuneba. siriis omi es iyo dasavleT-ruseTis omi gazsadenisa da bunebrivi resursebisaTvis. ruseTma SeZlo siriaze gavlenis SenarCuneba.
– rogor fiqrobT, batono aslan, dauwesebs Tu ara sanqciebs Statebi TurqeTs?
– TurqeTma ruseTTan ukve miaRwia SeTanxmebas TurqeT-siriis sazRvridan siriis teritoriis siRrmeSi 32-kilometriani buferuli zonis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelSic patrulirebas rusi da Turqi samxedroebi erToblivad moaxdenen. aSS-is yofili mokavSire siriis demokratiuli Zalebi anu SeiaraRebuli qurTi mebrZolebi siriis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi integrirdnen, anu ruseTis mokavSireebi gaxdnen. TurqeTma aSS-isa da ruseTis moTxovniT Sewyvita samxedro moqmedebebi, raxan misi interesebi didwilad dakmayofilda, ris gamoc aSS-s TurqeTTan ara sanqciebi, aramed mWidro mokavSireoba sWirdeba.
– procesebi saqarTvelosTan Zalian axlos viTardeba. or mezobel qveyanas Soris varT. ras unda velodoT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara ruseT-TurqeTis dapirispirebas gamwvavebis SemTxvevaSi, Cvenc Segvexos rogorc politikuri, ise ekonomikuri, turistuli TvalsazrisiT?
– Tu ruseT-TurqeTis 10-punqtiani soWis SeTanxmeba dairRveva, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi unda velodoT or qveyanas Soris urTierTobis daZabvas, rac am etapze naklebad SesaZlebelia. saqarTvelos interesebSi ar Sedis maT Soris arc konfliqti da arc Zalian mWidro politikuri urTierTobebi. TurqeTi gaagrZelebs aSS-sa da ruseTs Soris lavirebis politikas. am etapze misi interesebi ufro ruseTis interesebTanaa axlos, vidre aSS-is. aseTi mWidro ruseT-TurqeTis urTierTobebi qemalisturi TurqeTisa da leninis ruseTis Semdeg ar yofila, Tumca es mocemuloba SeiZleba momavalSi Seicvalos. Cven ar gvawyobs TurqeTisa da ruseTis ekonomikuri problemebi, radgan is myisierad aisaxeba Cvens ekonomikaze.
– msoflio mesame omis safrTxis winaSea?
– ara, didi qveynebi erTmaneTTan oms gaurbian, radgan ician, rom am oms gamarjvebuli ver eyoleba verc samxedro da verc ekonomikuri kuTxiT. yvela didi Tu patara qveynis ekonomika msoflio ekonomikis nawilia, misi krizisi ki dominos principiT aisaxeba TiToeulis ekonomikaze omis SemTxvevaSi, es ki aravis aZlevs xels.
– raze SeTanxmdnen Statebis, TurqeTisa da ruseTis liderebi?
– am SeTanxmebiT, siriis teritoriuli mTlianoba da asadis xelisufleba SenarCundeba. yvela qveyana etapobrivad gaiyvans ZiriTad samxedro SenaerTebs. siriaSi konfliqtis dawyebamde arsebuli ruseTis samxedro-sazRvao baza rCeba. TurqeTi daculi iqneba sirieli qurTebisgan. buferul zonaSi TurqeTisa da ruseTis samxedro policia erToblivad daiwyebs patrulirebas. SemuSavdeba axali konstitucia, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos Zalauflebis demokratiuli gziT gadacema.
– aSS-is specdaniSnulebis Zalebma teroristuli dajgufeba `islamuri saxelmwifos~ lider abu baqr al-baRdadis winaaRmdeg specoperacia Caatares da igi likvidirebulia.
– CrdiloeT-dasavleT siriaSi, kerZod, idlibis regionSi amerikulma specrazmma sahaero specoperacia Caatara 8 amerikuli vertmfrenis saSualebiT, rasac `islamuri saxelmwifos~ lideri abu baqr al-baRdadi Seewira – man Tavi `Sahidis qamriT~ aifeTqa. `islamuri saxelmwifos~ calkeuli danayofebi moqmedeben siriaSi. maTi lideris likvidacia arafers cvlis, radgan am mcire jgufs sxva lideri eyoleba. es organizacia msoflios wamyvani qveynebis ZalisxmeviT, damarcxebulia. es aris mniSvnelovani. `islamuri saxelmwifo~, romelic `navTobis omis~ dros asadis winaaRmdeg Seiqmna, mTeli msofliosTvis warmoadgenda safrTxes.
