ირაკლი გორგილაძე: ყასემ სოლეიმანის მკვლელობა, როგორც პოლიტიკურად, ასევე უსაფრთხოების თვალსაზრისით, მცდარი ნაბიჯი იყო
ნაირა ფუტკარაძე 27 48 93
mimdinare wlis dasawyisSi, eraySi, baRdadis aeroportis maxloblad aSS-is saraketo dartymas iranis islamuri revoluciis guSagTa korpusis specdaniSnulebis razm `al-qudsis~ lideri, generali yasem soleimani emsxverpla.
dajgufeba `al-qudsi~, romelsac is xelmZRvanelobda, aSS-Si teroristuli organizaciebis siaSi iyo Seyvanili. pentagonis gancxadebiT, generali soleimani amerikel diplomatebze da eraysa da mTel regionSi myof samxedroebze Tavdasxmebs gegmavda.
vin iyo yasem soleimani da ratom mokles igi? Temaze baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebul profesors, politolog irakli gorgilaZes vesaubreT.
– yasem soleimani aiaTola xameneis Semdeg iranis Teokratiuli reJimis mTavari saxe iyo. man Seqmna Tanamedrove iranis regionuli politika, romelic sakuTriv iranis sagareo politikis udides nawils moicavs. yasem soleimani, rig SemTxvevaSi, ufro popularuli persona iyo, vidre Tavad aiaTola, rogorc samxedroebSi, aseve iranis mosaxleobaSi, rasac misi 40-wliani saxelmwifoebrivi saqmianoba ganapirobebda. praqtikulad, is iyo cocxali legenda, romlis mimarTac sruliad irani ridsa da pativiscemas gamoxatavda. iranisTvis misi mkvleloba, daaxloebiT igivea, riCard niqsonisTvis henri kisinjeri da აშშ-ის ცენტრალური სადაზვერვო სააგენტოს xelmZRvaneli erTad rom moeklaT. rodesac bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gvesmis axlo aRmosavleTis sxvadasxva wertilSi iranis mzardi gavlenebis Sesaxeb, romelic winaaRmdegobas uwevs dasavlur-sionistur-arabul kavSirs, Cven saqme gvaqvs yasem soleimanis piradi saqmianobis SedegebTan.
– SeiZleba Tu ara soleimani miviCnioT Tanamedrove axlo aRmosavleTis arqiteqtorad?
– diax, man regioni iranul da arabul banakebad dayo da civi omis procesSi Seiyvana. misi damsaxurebaa e.w. Siituri winaaRmdegobis rkalis Seqmna erayi-siria-libanis monawileobiT, riTac irans SesaZlebloba mieca, sakuTari gavlenebi xmelTaSua zRvamde ganevrco. soleimani iranis saxelmwifoebriobisTvis udides mniSvnelobas atarebda, radgan mas iranisken mimarTuli regionuli da globaluri egzistencialuri safrTxe qveynis sazRvrebidan Sors gadahqonda, sxvisken mimarTavda iranis winaaRmdeg koncentrirebul mtrul Zalebs. yasem soleimani iyo rogorc Zlieri samxedro strategi, aseve unariani politikosi. rogorc samxedro, is yovelTvis amjobinebda rigiT mebrZolebTan uSualo kontaqts. Tqven naxavT uamrav videos da fotos, sadac soleimani frontis xazze piradad amxnevebs mebrZolebs da iRebs samaxsovro fotoebs. rogorc politikosma, man yvela SesaZlo momentSi dasavleTis mier axlo aRmosavleTSi daSvebuli Secdomebi iranis sasargeblod gamoiyena. Zlieri sakomunikacio qselis saSualebiT, man Seavso rogorc politikuri, aseve samxedro vakuumi amerikelebis mitovebul eraySi, siriaSi da manamde libanSi gaswia uzarmazari samuSao Siituri hezbolasTvis politikuri kapitalis dagrovebaSi. mas pirdapiri Sexeba ar hqonia iemenSi husit mebrZolebTan, Tumca husitebis warma-teba saudis arabeTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi kvlav qudsis ZalebTan asocirdeba.
– misi sajaro asparezze gamosvla gavixsenoT.
– yasem soleimanis sajaro asparezze gamosvla iwyeba 1980 wels, iran-erayis omis dawyebidanve. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi aiaTola xomeinis mimdevari iyo, 1979 wlis revoluciaSi misi mona-wileoba ar fiqsirdeba. mas arc sasuliero da arc mniSvnelovani samxedro ganaTleba hqonia, Tumca iran-erayis omSi monawileobisas misi mxridan gamoCenili simamacisa da qarizmis wyalobiT, iranis revoluciis guSagTa korpusSi swrafad daiwyo dawinaureba. iran-erayis omSi igi erayel qurTebs exmareboda huseinis reJimTan brZolaSi da xSirad uwevda erayis teritoriaze sadazvervo misiebiT gadasvla. 1998 wels mas Caabares iranis revoluciis guSagTa korpusis regionuli Zalebis, e.w. qudsis danayofebis xelmZRvaneloba, romlis mTavari mizani regionSi Teokratiuli reJimis interesebis dacva da antisionisturi moZraobis gaZlierebaa. am periodidan moyolebuli, misi damsaxurebaa 2006 wels israel-libanis konfliqtSi hezbolas mxridan mtkice winaaRmdegobis gaweva israelis Tavdacvis Zalebis mimarT, romelsac israelis ukan daxeva mohyva da is omi libanis warmatebad CaiTvala. soleimanis damsaxurebaa is, rom 2011 wlidan 2015 wlamde siriaSi asadis reJimi ar daemxo da Zalaufleba SeinarCuna. igi kritikuli iyo Tavad asadis da siriis arabuli armiis oficrebis mimarT, radgan maT samxedro taqtikur ganswavlulobas uwunebda da misi azris gauTvaliswineblobaSi adanaSaulebda. misi sityvebiT, igi basijebis (iraneli mebrZolebi) erTi diviziiT sirias srulad daipyrobda. soleimanis damsaxurebaa daeSis ganadgureba rogorc siriaSi, aseve erayis teritoriaze, sadac udidesi roli iTamaSes eraySi mis mier Camoyalibebulma proiranuli saxalxo mobilizaciis SenaerTebma
yasem soleimani sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva doziT amerikul ZalebTan taqtikurad TanamSromlobda. pirveli aseTi SemTxveva 2001 wels, avRaneTSi Talibanis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi dafiqsirda, sadac soleimanis qudsis Zalebi amerikul danayofebs Talibanis adgilmdebareobebis Sesaxeb informacias awvdidnen. meore SemTxveva ukve erayis omis dasawyisSi moxda, rodesac qudsis Zalebi amerikelebs sadam huseinis damxobaSi exmarebodnen. 2010 wels soleimanisa da amerikelebis TanamSromlobiT, erayis premier-ministris posti nuri al-maliqim SeinarCuna. ukve 2014-17 wlebSi soleimanis erayis saxalxo mobilizaciis Zalebi amerikul saaviacio ZalebTan erTad daeSis damarcxebaSi aqtiurad TanamSromlobdnen. am movlenebidan gamomdinare, yasem soleimani erayze udides gavlenas flobda da realurad iyo qveynis araformaluri mmarTveli, romlis gareSe eraySi umaRlesi Sidapolitikuri gadawyvetilebebi ar miiReboda.
miuxedavad amgvari taqtikuri TanamSromlobisa, yasem soleimani axlo aRmosavleTSi amerikuli, ebrauli da sparseTis yuris arabuli qveynebis interesebis mTavar mtrad miiCneoda. igi mTeli am wlebis ganmavlobaSi sikvdils eTamaSeboda, misi likvidacia ramdenjerme iyo dagegmili mosadis mier, Tumca amerikuli politikuri istebliSmenti am qmedebisgan israels akavebda. sxvadasxva wyaroebiT, jer buSis administraciam israels uari ganucxada mis mokvlaze, xolo Semdeg ukve obamas administraciam – iranTan birTvuli SeTanxmebis molaparakebebis warmatebiT dasrulebis gamo. TeTri saxli yovel-Tvis iazrebda yasem soleimanis personis mniSvnelobas iranisTvis da yofnida pasuxismgebloba, misi ganadgurebisgan Tavis SekavebiT iranis araprognozirebadi agresiuli reaqciis prevencia moexdina, romelsac SesaZloa udidesi safrTxe Seeqmna regionSi aSS-is mokavSireebisTvis.
– ratom mokles yasem soleimani axla?
– soleimanis mkvleloba, umeteswilad, dakavSirebulia eraySi bolo TveebSi mimdinare procesebTan. pirveli oqtombridan baRdadSi mimdinareobda uwyveti masStaburi socialuri protesti, romelsac dRemde 500-mde adamiani emsxverpla, 25 000 ki daSavda. protestis mTavari moTxovna erayis Rrma korufciuli mmarTvelobis da seqtarianuli politikuri sistemis dasruleba iyo. Tumca am moTxovnebTan erTad Siiti erayelebi mtkiced iTxovdnen qveyanaSi aseve Siituri iranis gavlenebis Sesustebas da maTTan dakavSirebuli pirebis Tanamdebobidan gadayenebas. protests SeuerTda erayis mTavari Siiti kleriki, gavleniani politikosi muqTada al-sadri da misi moZraobac. protestis simZlavris gamo iranel generals mouwia saqmeSi CarTva. igi imyofeboda baRdadSi da uzrunvelyo iranis proteJe premier-ministris adil abdul-mahdisTvis postis SenarCuneba. soleimanis piradi gankargulebiT, proiranuli erayis saxalxo mobilizaciis SenaerTebs protestis daSla yvela SesaZlo saSualebiT daevalaT. demonstrantebis msxverpli swored am SenaerTebis moqmedebebma ganapiroba.
samTvianma uwyvetma protestma iranisTvis Seqmna krizisuli situacia, riTac is realurad kargavda erayze politikur gavlenebs. yasem soleimanis politikuri gadawyvetilebiT daiwyo protestis sxva mimarTulebiT mimarTva da misi eqsternalizacia. soleimanim gadawyvita, saxalxo protestis umeteswilad antiiranuli xasiaTi antiamerikulad eqcia. misma saxalxo dacvis SenaerTebma da maTma mxardamWerebma dekembris ganmavlobaSi ramdenime Tavdasxma ganaxorcieles amerikel samxedroebsa da diplomatebze, rasac jer amerikeli samxedros sikvdili mohyva, xolo Semdeg amerikis saelCos darbeva baRdadSi. saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadeba, rom soleimanis mxardamWerebisgan amerikel samxedroebsa da diplomatebze kidev araerTi Tavdasxma igegmeboda, safuZvliani da logikuria. es iyo soleimanis politikis mTavari mimarTuleba erayuli protestis RerZis cvlilebisTvis da misi – regionul krizisad gardaqmnisTvis. Sedegad, TeTrma saxlma eraySi amerikuli interesebis dasacavad yasem soleimanis mkvlelobis gadawyvetileba miiRo.
– rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad swori iyo es gadawyvetileba?
– yasem soleimanis mkvleloba rogorc politikurad, aseve usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, mcdari nabiji iyo. igi ar atarebda grZelvadian strategiul xasiaTs da mxolod erTjerad aqciad SeiZleba miviCnioT. amas Tavad donald trampis gancxadeba mowmobs, romelmac iranTan omis survili kategoriulad gamoricxa. soleimanis mkvlelobiT aSS-ma SeiZleba droebiT uzrunvelyo sakuTari warmomadgenlobis usafrTxoeba eraySi, magram grZelvadian periodSi, praqtikulad, saboloo wertili dausva eraySi amerikuli jarebis arsebobis legitimacias. Aam mkvlelobiT Sesruldeba Tavad soleimanis str-ategiuli mizani – erayis saxalxo protesti amieridan mkveTrad antiamerikuli gaxdeba da ukana planze gadaiwevs iranuli gavlenebis problema. amas mowmobs erayis parlamentis mier kanonproeqtze muSaobis dawyeba, romelic aSS-is Zalebs erayis datovebas oficialurad mosTxovs, amasTanave, muqTada al-sadris gancxadebac, romelic mosaxleobas amerikelebis winaaRmdeg brZolisken mouwodebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom iranis Teokratiulma reJimma yasem soleimanis dakargviT sagareo politikaSi marjvena xeli dakarga, Tavad reJims garkveul politikur Svebas miscems. rogorc eraySi, aseve iranSi Tveebia bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze masStaburi gamosvlebi mimdinareobda, sadac Tavad aiaTolas winaaRmdeg gaismoda SeZaxilebi. protests, araoficialuri monacemebiT, 1500-mde adamiani emsxverpla. iranSi reJimis mimarT kritikulad mzardi protestia. Sesabamisad, soleimanis mkvleloba aSS-is mier oficialur Teirans saSualebas miscems, politikuri gravitaciis centri Sida politikidan kvlav sagareoze gadaitanos da gamoacocxlos misi arsebobis mTavari determinantebi, antiamerikuli da antisionisturi paradigmebi.
soleimanis mkvleloba trampis mier iraneli generlis, rogorc personis, Seufasebloba da udides riskze wasvlaa, ramac SesaZloa gaxsnas pandoras yuTi da gamoiwvios movlenaTa imgvari jaWvi, rom axlo aRmosavleTi globalur konfliqtSi CaiTrios (2015 wels saprezidento kandidati donald trampi radioeTerSi stumrobisas ver pasuxobs kiTxvas, Tu vin aris yasem soleimani, qudsis Zalebi qurTebSi ereva. is aseve ver pasuxobs kiTxvas, Tu vin arian regionis mTavari teroristebi: al-zavahiri, al-baRdadi, al-julani da hasan nasrala). amas mowmobs Tavad israelisa da saudis arabeTis xelmZRvanelobisgan sajaro aRfrTovanebis damalva da dumili maT mimarT eqstremalurad gazrdili safrTxeebis molodinSi (israelma ukve daxura sakurorto hebronis mTa saraketo Tavdasxmebisgan damsveneblebis dacvis mizniT). arsebobs uamravi alternativa, sadac iranma SesaZloa revanSi ganaxorcielos. upirveles yovlisa, es aris sparseTis yureSi navTobtankerebze Tavdasxma; husitebis meSveobiT imaves ganmeoreba, rac seqtemberSi moxda – saudis arabeTis navTobsacavebis dabombva; rogorc eraySi, aseve siriaSi ganlagebul amerikul bazebze teroristuli Tavdasxma; palestinuri hamasisa da islamuri jihadis, aseve, libanuri hezbolas meSveobiT israelze Tavdasxma an teroristuli aqtebis gaxSireba.
Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom yasem soleimanis Semcvleli, misi TanamebrZoli iran-erayis omidan, gamocdili samxedro, magram naklebad qarizmatuli ismail Raani qudsis Zalebis avRaneTis da pakistanis mimarTulebas kurirebs, SesaZloa, pirveladi dartymebi avRaneTSi ganlagebul amerikul samxedroebze ganxorcieldes. aqve davZen, rom oleimanis mkvlelobis trampis impiCmentTan dakavSireba SedarebiT susti argumentia, radgan warmomadgenelTa palatam, SesaZloa, igi senats gamosaZieblad jerjerobiT ar gadasces da impiCmentis procedura Tveebis ganmavlobaSi gaiwelos.
