აგრესია მოზარდებს შორის – თვალშისაცემი რეალობა
ნაირა ფუტკარაძე: 27 48 93 –
mozardebis agresia da mcirewlovanTa danaSauli bolo dros metad aqtualuri gaxda. TvalSisacemad gaaxalgazrdavda moZaladeTa da, zogadad, damnaSaveTa asaki. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom agresia Tanamedrove msoflios udidesi problemaa. gazeT `aWarasTan” interviuSi baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori, nevropaTologi, geStalt-konsultanti (fsiqologiaSi), fsiqiatriis eqsperti Sorena vaSaZe mozardebsa da mozrdilebSi mkveTrad gamoxatuli agresiis mizezebsa da gamosavalze saubrobs.
– qalbatono Sorena, aqvs Tu ara raime zogadi safuZveli agresias arasrulwlovnebSi?
– swori iqneba, Tu vimsjelebT im asakobriv Taviseburebebze, rac axasiaTebs mozardebs da mozrdilebs, romelTa Soris sakmaod didi gansxvavebaa. bavSvobidan mozrdilobaSi gadasvlis procesi, rogorc wesi, mZafrad da zogjer dramatuladac mimdinareobs. masSi socialuri ganviTarebis urTierTsapirispiro tendenciebia gadaxlarTuli. erTi mxriv, am rTuli periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia negatiuri gamovlinebebi, pirovnebis disharmonia, ukve Camoyalibebuli interesebis Secvla, mozrdilebTan mimarTebaSi protestis gamomxatveli qceva da sxva. . . meore mxriv, aRsaniSnavia uamravi dadebiTi faqtori – mzardi damoukidebloba, urTierTobaTa mravalferovneba, saqmianobis sferos Secvla da gafarToeba, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis ganviTareba da sxva. rac Seexeba agresias, isic sxvadasxvanairad aisaxeba asakobrivi jgufis warmomadgenlebze. mozardebisaTvis mniSvnelovania garemo, sadac isini izrdebian, Tumca garkveul etapze avtomaturad xdebian TavianTi ojaxis mowinaaRmdegeebi. maTTvis avtoritets aRar warmoadgenen is adamianebi, romelTa magaliTebiTac manamde izrdebodnen. amieridan avtoritetebad miiCneven maT, romlebsac ar icnoben da gamoirCevian agresiuli qmedebebiT, arian quCaSi. aseTi kategoriis adamianebi xdebian maTTvis kumirebi. maT baZaven, imeoreben, rasac isini akeTeben. es `samagaliTo~ adamianebi ki xSirad kriminaluri samyaros warmomadgenlebi arian. mozrdilebisTvis ukve yvelaferi dalagebulia. maTTvis prioritetulia mSoblebi, ubrundebian im adamianur urTierTobebs, rac adre iyo, amitomac isini jer movaleobas asruleben da Semdeg survilebs. gardatexis asakis mqone mozardebisTvis ki jer siamovnebaa da Semdeg movaleoba. saerTod, cnobilia, rom SiSs mohyveba agresia, amitom sadac aris didi SiSi, iq aucileblad iqneba sapasuxo agresiuli qmedebebi. agresia mravalmxrivia, magaliTad, avtoagresia gulisxmobs suicidur azrebsa da qmedebebs, aseve is gamoixateba manqanis marTvisas siCqaris gadaWarbebaSi. avtoagresiaa, roca ici, narkotikma da alkoholma SeiZleba sikvdili gamoiwvios, magram mainc iyeneb.
– ra unda gavakeToT prevenciisTvis?
– saWiroa meti ganaTleba, meti saubari, radgan Cveni Svilebi akeTeben imas, rasac vaswavliT. pirvel rigSi, Tavad unda viyoT Zalian tolerantulebi erTmaneTis mimarT. agresiuli qcevis prevenciis mizniT uari unda vTqvaT urTierTobis iseT negatiur stilze, rogoricaa brZanebebi, muqara da braldebebi, bavSvis verbaluri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa, misi grZnobebis, survilebisa da interesebis ignorireba. urTierTobis amgvari stili mozardebs brZolisa da sapasuxo agresiisken ubiZgebs samagieros gadaxdis mizniT, amitom situaciis gamosworebisTvis, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia konstruqciuli urTierTobis damyareba. rodesac amas SevZlebT, Cveni STamomavloba iqneba swored iseTi, rogoric gvinda.
– ra faqtorebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios mozardTa agresiuli qceva?
– ra ubiZgebs mozards Zaladobis, danaSaulis gziT wasvlisaken, amaze erTmniSvnelovani pasuxi ar arsebobs. samwuxarod, arsebobs uamravi mizezi, romelmac SeiZleba mozardebSi agresia ganapirobos. maT Sorisaa socialuri faqtorebi – Zaladoba ojaxSi, aRzrdis deficiti, socialuri diferenciacia, siRaribe, umuSevroba, masobrivi kultura (masmedia) Tavisi `mxatvruli~ Tu realuri ZaladobiTa da sisastikiT, dabali ganaTleba, saskolo aRzrdis defeqtebi da sxva. amasTan, mniSvneloba aqvs mozrdilad qcevis fsiqo-socialur siZneleebs – sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi momatebuli SfoTva, guneba-ganwyobilebis mkveTri cvalebadoba, fsiqikis gauwonasworebloba da a.S. garda am mizezebisa, xSirad mSobels aviwydeba, rom misi Svili gaizarda da megobruli rCeva, daxmareba ufro esaWiroeba, vidre kritikuli SeniSvnebi da lanZRva. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fsiqomatravmirebeli gamoTqmebi marto mSoblebisgan ki ara, sxva ufrosebisganac modis. xSirad mSobels `dro ar hyofnis~ Svilis gancdebiT, misi piradi cxovrebiT dainteresebisTvis. aseT mozardebs zRvars aravin uwesebs, xolo roca bavSvi Tavis nebazea miSvebuli, Zalaufleba `faruli aRmzrdelebis~ – televiziis, agresiuli kompiuteruli TamaSebis, internetis xelSi gadadis. mxedvelobaSi is maqvs, rom xSirad agresia, iseve rogorc sikeTe, rogorc siyvaruli, gadamdebia da erT qmedebas jaWvuri principiT mohyveba sxva agresiuli qmedebebi, agresiuli fiqrebi, dabali TviTSefaseba, protesti. xSirad ufrosebi an Tanatolebi aiZuleben, ubrZaneben, moiqces ise, rogorc mas ar unda da esec SeiZleba agresiis mizezi gaxdes, aseve infantilizmic. xSirad agresiuli mozardis fsiqikuri da kalendaruli asaki ar emTxveva erTmaneTs, am SemTxvevaSi mas jer ar aqvs gaTviTcnobierebuli qcevis normebi, da aman SesaZloa, agresia gamoiwvios. liderobis, aRiarebis survili aiZulebs mas imoqmedos agresiulad, Seupovrad. mudmivi agresia fitavs nervul sistemas, daZabuloba xdeba emociuri problemebis mizezi. bavSvma aRar icis, rogor warmarTos sworad sasicocxlo energiebi. amitom aq saWiro da umniSvnelovanesia saxelmwifos da sazogadoebis roli – aucilebelia, vaswavloT mSvidobiani gziT liderobamde misvla. agresiis gamomwvevi SeiZleba aseve, iyos dabali TviTSefaseba, rodesac bavSvi ar aris sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli, samyaros aRiqvams, rogorc mtrulad ganwyobils, romelic zianis momtania. mas hgonia, rom safrTxe emuqreba rogorc Tanatolebisgan, ise zrdasrulebisgan, fiqrobs, rom mudmivad Tavdasxmis obieqtia, ris gamoc daZabulia da TviTon xdeba Tavdasxmis iniciatori principiT `Tavdasxma saukeTeso Tavdacvaa~. socialuri faqtori – agresiis motivi SeiZleba iyos socialuri pasuxismgeblobisgan gaTavisuflebis survili. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi agresiuli qceviT mesijs ugzavnis mSobels, rom misgan Tavi Sors daiWiron da arafris Txovnas azri ar aqvs. am imijiT cdilobs Tavidan aicilos pasuxismgebloba. Tanatolebis gavlena, agresiis done SesamCnevia saskolo cxovrebaSic. zogierTi bavSvi imis gamo, rom TanatolTa jgufidan ar gairiyos, mimarTavs agresiul qcevas, raTa moipovos aRiareba. samwuxarod, am CamonaTvaliT vxedavT bevr faqtors, rac qmnis agresiul fons.
– arsebobs Tu ara agresiuli qcevis genderuli gansxvavebebi?
– arsebobda mosazreba, rom agresiisken vaJebi ufro midrekilni arian, vidre gogonebi, magram ver vityvi, rom Zalian moZalebulia biWebSi. ukanasknel xans gogonebs Sorisac vxedav moZaladeebs rogorc fizikuri, aseve fsiqologiuri kuTxiT.
– mainc, ra TvisebebiT gamoirCevian agresiuli mozardebi?. .
– mozardi, Tavisi fsiqologiuri suraTiT, aucileblad unda iyos winaaRmdegobaSi mSobelTan da es aris norma. ded-mamam Zalian didi siTboTi, moTminebiT da yuradRebiT unda marTos aseTi mozardi maT winaaRmdegobas arasdros unda davupirispiroT mkacri damokidebuleba, radgan simkacre, wes-kanonebi, sazRvrebis daweseba uares antipaTias, uares Zaladobas, uares agresias iwvevs. Tavidanve vTqvi, rom SiSis sawinaaRmdegod modis agresia, amitom rac ufro mkacri iqneba mozardebTan damokidebuleba, miT ufro Zaladobrivi iqneba maTi qmedebebi. mxolod Zalian didi moTminebiT, didi yuradRebiT, rudunebiT, siTboTi da siyvaruliT SeiZleba am agresiis gadatana sportSi, xelovnebaSi, kulturaSi, raTa es Zala, energia sasikeTod gardaiqmnas. rasakvirvelia, yuradReba aucileblad unda mivaqcioT qcevis Secvlas. pirovnuli maCveneblebis Secvla, es aris pirveli sagangaSo signali imisTvis, rom mSobelma miaqcios yuradReba – icxovros misi cxovrebiT, waakiTxos wignebi, dainteresdes, ratomaa misi Svili 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, vTqvaT, socialuri qseliT, sxvadasxva TamaSiT datvirTuli. es ar unda iyos mentoruli, cenzoruli damokidebuleba, magram unda vicodeT, rom aseTi mdgomareoba sagangaSoa. sayuradReboa iseT adamianebTan urTierToba, romlebic zians moutanen. es ar niSnavs imas, rom vakontroloT Cveni Svilebi yovel wamsa da wuTs, magram unda davinteresdeT, vis wreSi trialebs, riTi suldgmulobs.
– maswavleblis roli. . .
– maswavlebels am bolo xanebSi Zalian bevr rames vakisrebT. miuxedavad imisa, rom datvirTulebi varT sazogadoebrivi Tu samsaxurebrivi movaleobebiT, mTavari mainc ojaxia, sadac yalibdeba adamiani fsiqologiurad da genetikurad.
– ramdenad xSiria msgavsi problemis gamo momarTva?
– am bolo dros Zalian gaxSirda. es gamowveulia sxvadasxva faqtoriT. erT-erTia is, rom Caketil sivrceSi vcxovrobdiT axali koronavirusis gamo. es Zalian didi matravmirebeli faqtoria ara marto mozardebisaTvis, maTi mSoblebisaTvisac. is, rom ar gamovdiodiT Tveebis ganmavlobaSi gareT, iwvevs ukugancdasac. ginda, rom gamoxval, uceb gaakeTo yvelaferi, rac gekrZaleboda da axla ukve Tavisuflad SegiZlia. amitom aris, rom amJamad adamianebis umravlesoba arc niRabs atarebs, arc Tavs icavs. kategoriuli moTxovnebis Semdeg adamiani sawinaaRmdegos akeTebs imitom, rom unda daumtkicos sakuTar Tavs, rogori magaria. momarTvianoba ara marto axali koronavirusis gamo gaizarda, aramed imitomac, rom muxti am Zaladobrivi qmedebebisa sakmaod maRalia. xSirad vlaparakob fsiqologiur Taviseburebebze, romlebic iwvevs amas, Zalian mniSvnelovania, rogor fasdeba garkveuli movlenebi kritikul situaciebSi. aviRoT magaliTisTvis SaqaraSvilis saqme, TiTqmis yvela televiziis da presis saSualebiT xdeba amaze msjeloba, magram amas unda mohyves saqme da ar unda gadaiqces Soud. jer erTi, mozardebis-mozrdilebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi unda ganvixiloT sxvadasxva kuTxiT. am kuTxeebisa da principebis warmoCineba, sakiTxebis wamoweva da misi drouli ganxilva aris Cveni, Tqveni da yvelas movaleoba. es aris sazogadoebis movaleoba.
– ramdenad mniSvnelovania is, rom mozardebma danaSaulisTvis pasuxi agon? samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, gasagebia, Tumca fsiqologiurad rogor muSaobs?
– dasjis meqanizmi kompleqsuri unda iyos, saerTo midgoma unda arsebobdes, anu ara marto dasjis meTods unda mivmarToT, aramed samedicino kuTxiTac sakmaod mniSvnelovania, gvqondes midgoma. ara marto moZaladis mkurnaloba unda xdebodes, aramed msxverplis mkurnalobac, orives interesebi unda iyos daculi da aq Tavisi, gadamwyveti sityva unda Tqvas saxelmwifom, sazogadoebam, samoqalaqo seqtorma. Cven SeiZleba bevri vilaparakoT, magram pasuxismgebloba unda aiRon saxelmwifo struqturebma. prevenciaa, roca aRniSnulis gaSuqeba xdeba saTanadod, damnaSaveebi isjebian kanoniT, romelic yvelasTvis erTnairia. aucilebelia, prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba, raTa igive SemTxveva aRar ganmeordes.
