შრომის კოდექსს ბიზნესმა გაუწია ლობირება
òîèï úåúõäïûå: 27 48 93 –
`proeqtidan amoiRes da damsaqmeblis sasargeblod Secvales muxlebi, romlebic dasaqmebulis sakeTildReod iyo Cadebuli~
ra cvlilebebia `Sromis kodeqsSi~, ra xdeba parlamentis komitetebSi, sadac komisiebi sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi muSaoben saTanado muxlebze, ramdenad misaRebi iqneba kodeqsi dasaqmebulTaTvis da ra perspeqtivebs unda velodoT am mimarTulebiT, amaze saubrobs CvenTan interviuSi aWaris profesiuli kavSirebis respublikuri gaerTianebis iuristi zurab cecxlaZe.
– batono zurab, rogor SeafasebT cvlilebebs Sromis kodeqsSi?
– `Sromis kodeqsis~ muxlebi, romlebic cvlilebebs ganicdis, ixileba parlamentis Sesabamis komitetebSi. aRvniSnav, rom proeqtis Seqmnis pirvel etapze ukeTesi variantebi iyo warmodgenili, Tumca Semdgom cvlilebebmac ganicada koreqtireba. profkavSiri Tvlis, rom dReis mdgomareobiT cotaRa darCa im saukeTeso variantidan, romelzec Tavdapirvelad iyo saubari. anu proeqtidan amoiRes da damsaqmeblis sasargeblod Secvales muxlebi, romlebic dasaqmebulis sakeTildReod iyo Cadebuli. rTulia, winaswar SevafasoT Sromis kodeqsi, romelic ar viciT, sabolood rogor Camoyalibdeba, magram ukve miecaT saTqmeli dasaqmebulTa uflebebis damcvelT, rom Sromis kodeqss biznesma gauwia lobireba. mewarmeebis TqmiT, kodeqsis proeqti pirvandeli saxiT rom gasuliyo, maT problemebi SeeqmnebodaT da gauWirdebodaT Sromis bazarze dasaqmebulebTan urTierTobis normalizeba, rasac mohyveboda problemebi biujetSi Tanxebis akumulirebis kuTxiT.
– modiT, ganvixiloT Sromis kodeqsis is pirveli varianti, romelic jer kidev 2006 wels miiRo `nacmoZraobis~ xelisuflebam.
– es kodeqsi, romelSic 200-mde muxli iyo, gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan modis. maSindelma xelisuflebam igi daakoreqtira 45 muxlamde, Sedegad miviReT damaxinjebuli, samarcxvino kodeqsi, romelmac dasaqmebulTa uflebebi nulamde daiyvana. im dros nebismieri mizeziT, umizezodac ki, SeeZlo damsaqmebels samsaxuridan gaeSva dasaqmebuli. ar arsebobda arc davis, arc gaficvis meqanizmi, arc samuSaoze miRebis, arc samuSaodan gaSvebis Semdgom, dasabuTebis standarti. . . mokled, araferi iyo.
– rodis Seicvala?
– 2013 wels, axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg, Sromis kodeqsis axali varianti SemuSavda. 2006 wels miRebul saqarTvelos organul kanonSi `Sromis kodeqsi~ lamis 90%-iT koreqtirebulia, anu Camoyalibda samuSaoze miRebis standarti, ganisazRvra xelSekrulebis arsebiTi pirobebi dasaqmebulsa da damsaqmebels Soris. Zvel kodeqsSi samuSaoze miReba daSvebuli iyo zepiri samTviani formiT, rac saSualebas aZlevda damsaqmebels, gaeSva muSaki samsaxuridan, Tuki im sami Tvis Semdeg ar gauformebda werilobiT xelSekrulebas. axal kodeqsSi ki zepiri xelSekrulebis formac ganisazRvra. dakonkretda, rom msgavsi standarti miesadageboda sezonur samuSaoebs an sawarmoebis mier gamocxadebul vakansiebs droebiT damxmare muSaxelze. igive iTqmis im piris nacvlad dasaqmebulze, romelmac Sromis unari droebiT dakarga.
– rac Seexeba werilobiT xelSekrulebebs?
– iq yvelaferi detalurad iyo gansazRvruli, Tu rodis ergeboda Sesveneba, Svebuleba, sxva garemoebebi, romelic orive mxarisTvis iyo aucilebeli. ganisazRvra, ra surda dasaqmebuls damsaqmeblisagan da piriqiT, rom Semdgariyo SromiTi urTierToba. aqve iyo garkveuli normebi zeganakveTur samuSaoebzec. Seiqmna absoluturad axali meqanizmi – sammxrivi komisia da Sromis inspeqcia, romelsac marTalia, naklebqmediTi, magram mainc, garkveuli uflebamosileba mieca da SarSan seriozul mandatad iqca.
– sammxrivi komisia risTvis Camoyalibda?
– dasaqmebulebis, damsaqmeblebis da saxelmwifos mier, anu sammxriv formatSi komisiis sxdomaze ixileba yvela problema, rac SeiZleba warmoiqmnas. komisiis Tavmjdomare saqarTvelos masStabiT premier-ministria, xolo aWaraSi – mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. TanaTavmjdomareebad iniSnebian jandacvis ministrebi. aseTi rangis komisia dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT wyvets yvelanair sakiTxs. agreTve, kanoniT daregulirda gaficvis sistema, rac gulisxmobs, rom dawyebamde ganzraxvis Sesaxeb ecnobos jandacvis ministrs werilobiT. es saSualebas aZlevs ministrs da SeTanxmebis komisias, Tavidan aicilos gaficva da daareguliros sakiTxi mSvidobianad. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom am kodeqsma fundamenturi cvlilebebi ganicada da absoluturad axal etapze avida, Tumca arc es iyo srulyofili varianti da isev cvlilebebs daeqvemdebara.
– cvlilebebi visi gadawyvetileba iyo?
– mogexsenebaT, Cven evropis asocirebis xelSekrulebiT dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebac gviwevs, romelic axal valdebulebebs gvakisrebs dasaqmebulTa/damsaqmebelTa urTierTobaSi. swored amitom ganaaxla saxelmwifom Sromis kodeqsze muSaoba, raTa ukeTesi varianti miawodos am sferos. marTalia, Cvens situaciaSi es kodeqsi srulyofili ver iqneba, magram samarTlianTan miaxloebuli unda miviRoT.
– Sromis kodeqsis mixedviT, moqalaqes kviraSi ramdeni saaTiT eZleva muSaobis ufleba da ra sakiTxebze mogmarTaven dasaqmebulebi yvelaze xSirad?
– 40 saaTi, xolo specifikuri samuSaoebisTvis maqsimaluria 48 saaTi. rac Seexeba pretenziebs, yvelaze xSirad mogvmarTaven Sromis kodeqsis 37-e muxlis bolo punqtze, sadac miTiTebulia, rom `damsaqmebels ufleba aqvs gaaTavisuflos igi dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan, Tu arsebobs sxva obieqturi garemoebebi~. konkretizacia xdeba CamonaTvalis mixedviT: Sromis xelSekrulebebis darRveva, administraciuli gadacdoma, xelSekrulebis vadis gasvla, gardacvaleba, Sinaganawesis darRveva da. . . `sxva obieqturi garemoebebi~. boloSi miTiTebuli es zogadi norma xdeba dasaqmebulis lamis umizezod gaTavisuflebis mizezi. proeqtis damuSavebisas swored imaze iyo saubari, rom es norma amoeRoT da `obieqturi garemoebebi~ detalurad ganesazRvraT, raTa garkveuliyo damsaqmeblis pretenzia, romelic dasaqmebulis gaTavisuflebis safuZveli gaxdeboda. aris meore sakiTxic, xelSekrulebis dadebisas, rom gairkves ratom maincdamainc am pirTan ideba xelSekruleba, miTiTebulia isev `obieqturi garemoebebis~ gamo. am normis amoRebac surda profkavSirebis komisias, radgan damsaqmebeli zogjer am muxls borotad iyenebs da visac surs, imas iRebs samsaxurSi.
– rogorc vici, pretenziebi exeboda zeganakveTur Sromasac. . .
– diax, amazec iyo ukmayofileba, radgan CvenTan ise miuSves xeli, rom samuSao saaTebis zeviT, erT imdens amuSavebdnen xalxs. kviraSi 70-90 saaTze adioda namuSevari saaTebi. amitom gadawyda, rom minimaluri da maqsimaluri zRvaris Camketi hqonoda sistemas. anu ganesazRvraT, kviraSi ramdeni saaTis muSaobis ufleba eZleoda dasaqmebuls zeganakveTurad. damsaqmeblebi am kuTxiT Tavs imarTlebdnen, rom zeganakveTuri Sroma dasaqmebulis mier zedmeti Tanxis gamomuSavebis ufleba iyo da ara valdebuleba. 2013 wlis Sromis kodeqsSi ewera, rom mxareTa SeTanxmebiT ganisazRvreba samuSao saaTebi. arada, yvelam viciT, rom sawarmoebSi mimdinareobda ufrosobis zewola da ramden xansac undodaT, imdens amuSavebdnen. im Camkets ki unda ganesazRvra, rom dReSi ori saaTi, xolo kviraSi – 8 saaTis meti zeganakveTuri muSaoba dauSvebelia. am normis amoqmedeba ver moxerxda dasaqmebulTa da damsaqmebelTa winaaRmdegobis gamo. iq zeganakveTuri samuSaos anazRaurebis procentzec iyo saubari, romelic 125%-iT ganisazRvra. 300-lariani xelfasis SemTxvevaSi, am Tanxis dRiuri wilis 125% unda gadaexada damsaqmebels yovel saaTSi. Semdeg 150%-zec daiwyes dava, magram amaze aRar wamovida biznesi.
– ukmayofileba iyo imazec, rom axali Sromis kodeqsiT moqalaqeebs erTze met adgilze dasaqmeba aekrZalebaTo. . .
– msgavsi akrZalva imperatiulad ar aris, ubralod, Tuki piri janmrTelobisTvis mavne samuSaozea, misi sxva adgilze muSaoba warmoudgenelia, radgan sasicocxlo safrTxes warmoadgens misTvis.
– ra icvleba dekretulis anazRaurebis kuTxiT?
– 2013 wlis kodeqsSi am kuTxiT cvlilebebi Sevida da dekretuli Svebuleba 730-dRiani gaxda, aqedan 183 – anazRaurebadi. saubari iyo am standartis gaumjobesebaze. aseve, dedebs daemataT, survilisamebr, 14 dRis Svebulebis aRebis nebarTva, Tu meZuZuria – bavSvis kvebisTvis 1-saaTiani Sesveneba. sawarmoebTan SeTanxmebisamebr, 1000-lariani anazRaureba isev rCeba. Ddekretul Svebulebas mamis komponentic daemata da bavSvis dabadebidan 30 dReSi 14-dRiani Svebulebis aRebis ufleba mieca.
– ZiZas, saxlis damlageblebs da a.S. ar exebaT Sromis kodeqsi?
– ara, jer sakiTxi dauregulirebelia. es adamianebi iTvlebian TviTdasaqmebulebad, romlebic piradi SeTanxmebiT iReben anazRaurebas damqiraveblisgan.
– ra emuqreba damsaqmebels Sromis kodeqsis darRvevis gamo?
– es sakiTxi marTlac mtkivneulad idga, radgan Sromis inspeqcias uflebamosilebis farTo mandati ar gaaCnda. kerZod, Sromis usafrTxoebis SemTxvevaSi iyo gansazRvruli sajarimo sanqciebi, magram ver akontrolebdnen SromiTi uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs. rodesac asocirebis xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso konvenciebs SevuerTdiT, calsaxad miviReT iq dafiqsirebuli wesi, romlis mixedviTac, Sromis kodeqsis cvlilebam ar unda gaauaresos dasaqmebulis Sromis pirobebi. aqedan gamomdinarec gaxlavT, rom am etapze Sromis inspeqcias mandati ufarTovdeba da SeuZlia nebismier dros Sevides sawarmoSi dasaqmebulis mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad, naxos, ramdenad Seesabameba arsebuli mdgomareoba Sromis kodeqsis moTxovnebs (xelSekruleba, samuSao Tu dasvenebis saaTebi, zeganakveTuri muSaobis anazRaureba da a.S.), darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi _ garkveuli sajarimo sanqciebi ganaxorcielos. jer ar viciT jarimebis moculoba, magram mTavaria, rom TandaTan es sferoc mowesrigdeba. amiT gamyardeba Sromis kodeqsis daniSnuleba.
– Sromis inspeqcia romel uwyebas emorCileba?
– saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros. axla saubaria, rom igi gaxdes damoukidebeli, hqondes regionSi departamentebi, riTac meti uflebamosilebis delegireba moxdeba. am etapze Tbilisidan uwevT Sromis inspeqtorebs Camosvla, Tundac, aWaraSi, rigi sawarmoebis Sesamowmeblad. aucilebelia, adgilze Camoyalibdes ssip-i, romelic aqve Seamowmebs rogorc Sromis usafrTxoebas, ise mSromelTa dasaqmebis pirobebsa da uflebebs.
– Tu SeiZleba reziumes saxiT CamovayaliboT, ras afasebT dadebiTad da ras – uaryofiTad `Sromis kodeqsis~ cvlilebebSi?
– dadebiTad fasdeba cvlileba, romlis mixedviTac kodeqsSi mamis komponenti Sevida dekretuli Svebulebis periodSi. aseve, ganisazRvra pirdapiri da arapirdapiri diskriminacia, romelic diskriminaciis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesabamisi normaa. SSm pirTa mimarT Tanabari mopyrobis Sesaxeb gonivruli misadagebis principi Semovida, rac iTvaliswinebs, rom am pirebs mieceT Tanabari uflebebi dasaqmebis, profesiuli swavlebis, gadamzadebis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebis da a.S. kuTxiT. qalisa da mamakacis Sromis Tanabari anazRaurebac dadebiTad Sesafasebelia. dasaqmebulTaTvis dasvenebis damatebiTi drois miniWebac aris gansazRvruli cvlilebebSi. agreTve, dasaqmebuls SeeZleba mimarTos damsaqmebels, misces damatebiTi dro samedicino gamokvlevebis Casatareblad. am etapze gacdenili saaTebi mas unda CaeTvalos sapatiod da aunazRaurdes. orsulobisa da mSobiarobis gamo Svebulebis gazrdazecaa saubari. zeganakveTuri muSaobis anazRaurebaze ukve visaubreT, magram is ar aRminiSnavs, rom damsaqmebelma erTi kviriT adre unda gaafrTxilos msgavsi samuSaos Sesaxeb muSaki, Tu ar moxda fors-maJori – sawarmos avaria an raime msgavsi.
– uaryofiTi momentebi?
– es aris SromiTi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare davebi, romelsac samwliani vada hqonda da erT weliwadze Camovida. aq saubaria ara samuSaodan gaTavisuflebaze, aramed SromiTi uflebebis darRvevaze, Tanxis aunazRaureblobaze da a.S. tolfasovani samuSao standarti aRar aris proeqtSi, arada, es iyo erTaderTi meqanizmi, rodesac davis dros garkveuli periodi gadioda. 3-4 weliwadSi, samsaxurSi kidec rom aRedginaT kaci, damsaqmebeli uars eubneboda miRebaze vakansiis ararsebobis gamo. aseT dros gamoiyeneboda tolfasovan samuSaoze aRdgena, anu sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis sisruleSi moyvana iolad xdeboda. agreTve, ukanonod Tu gauSves adamiani samsaxuridan da 5 wlis Semdeg aRadgens, am wlebis anazRaurebas ar akisreben damsaqmebels. mxolod 1-3 wlamde evalebaT. Tuki ukanonod gaagdes da es sasamarTlom scno, ratom ar unda moxdes mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi asaRebi anazRurebis gacema? xolo Tuki sadme muSaobda am xnis ganmavlobaSi, saerTod ar aZleven arafers. ai, es sakiTxebia, romelic profkavSirebs aRelvebs da Tvlis, rom uares mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen dasaqmebulebi Sromis kodeqsSi rigi cvlilebebis gamo.
