ბავშვების სისხლში ტყვიის შემცველობის შესამცირებლად – საპილოტე პროექტი
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aWaraSi iwyeba sapilote proeqti, romelic 2-7 wlamde bavSvebis sisxlSi tyviis Semcvelobis Semcirebas isaxavs miznad, _ amis Sesaxeb aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare Tornike riJvaZem ganacxada
jer kidev oriod kviris win baTumSi tyviis proeqtis – `miRwevebi da perspeqtivebi~ prezentacia gaimarTa, romelsac aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnuli centris generaluri direqtori amiran gamyreliZe da gaeros bavSvTa fondis warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi Rasan xalili eswrebodnen.
Tornike riJvaZem sityviT gamosvlisas, aWaris regionSi arsebul gamowvevasa da misi gadaWris strategiaze gaamaxvila yuradReba:
`aWaraSi tyviis Semcveloba, gansakuTrebiT bavSvebSi, aris dasaSveb normaze maRali. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovani iyo, rom am yvelaferze momxdariyo myisieri reagireba. roca saqme exeba bavSvebs, momaval Taobas, Cveni, yvelas movaleobaa, gvqondes adekvaturi reaqcia, amitom aWaris jandacvis saministro daavadebaTa kontrolis centris, UN da partniori organizaciebis CarTulobiT iwyebs muSaobas.
wels aWaris biujetSi gaviTvaliswineT Sesabamisi resursi, romelic dagvexmareba, daviwyoT siRrmiseuli kvlevebi. pirveli samizne jgufi gaxlavT orsuli qalebi. mixaria, rom aWaris jandacvis saministro iqneba erT-erTi pirveli uwyeba, romelic myisierad daiwyebs am gamowvevasTan brZolas~, – aRniSna man.
oficialuri informaciiT, 2019 wels gamoqveynebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi bavSvebis (2-7 wlis asakis) 41%-s sisxlSi tyviis Semcvelobis maRali done aRmoaCnda. maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda aWaraSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis sisxlSi.
am problemis gadasaWrelad SemuSavda etapobrivi strategia, gaeros bavSvTa fondi tyviiT dabinZurebis Sesamcireblad da aRmosafxvrelad, aWaris mTavrobasTan da daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnul centrTan TanamSromlobs.
SemuSavebulia erovnuli reagirebis gegma, romlis mixedviT, 2020 wels aWaris jandacvis saministro axal programas ganaxorcielebs. programis mixedviT, tyviis Semcvelobas gansazRvraven orsul da laqtaciis periodSi myof qalebSi. laboratoriuli mowyobiloba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganviTarebis saagentosa da estoneTis ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT, gaeros fondma SeiZina. aWaris jandacvis ministri nino niJaraZe ambobs, rom specialuri sakvlevi aparati saministros savele pirobebSi kvlevebis CatarebaSi daexmareba, gansakuTrebiT ki maRalmTianeTSi, radgan kvlevebiT dadginda, rom aWaris maRalmTian municipalitetebSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis sisxlSi tyviis Semcveloba ufro metia, vidre, magaliTad, baTumSi:
`molodini gvqonda, rom ufro meti iqneboda qalaqis teritoriaze, Tumca ar aris ase. ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia municipalitetebSi da soflebSi – yvelgan, maT Soris, qobuleTSi. marTalia, garemos Sefaseba da wyaros Zebna Zalian rTuli sakiTxia, magram dawyebulia da mimdinareobs kvleva saxelmwifo programis farglebSi. amis paralelurad, Sefasdeba ojaxebSi arsebuli garemo. praqtikulad, yvelaferi midis iqiTken, rom aRmovaCinoT wyaro da mis aRmofxvraze vizrunoT~.
aSS-is sietlis universitetis bolo kvlevebiT, msoflioSi 540 000 adamianis sikvdili tyviiT intoqsikaciam gamoiwvia. tyviam, SesaZloa, Seaferxos bavSvis tvinis ganviTareba, daaqveiTos inteleqtis koeficienti, gamoiwvios antisocialuri qceva; SesaZloa, bavSvs gauWirdes swavla. aseve, sisxlSi tyviis Semcveloba organizms midrekils xdis iseTi daavadebebisadmi, rogoricaa anemia, hipertenzia, Tirkmlis dazianeba da sxva.
daavadebaTa kontrolis centris direqtoris amiran gamyreliZis TqmiT, oTxidan erT-erTi aparati swored aWaris jandacvas gadaecema: `2018 wels, gaeros bavSvTa fondTan erTad, CavatareT multiindikatoruli klasteruli kvleva, romelSic damatebuli iyo tyviis komponenti. aRmoCnda, rom saqarTveloSi sisxlSi tyviis maRali gavrcelebis problemaa, ZiriTadad, bavSvebSi. tyvia aris mZime metali, romelic moqmedebs adamianis, gansakuTrebiT bavSvis janmrTelobaze grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. amitom daiwyo swrafi reagireba da Semdeg SemuSavda saxelmwifo programa. pirvel etapze saxelmwifo programa moicavda mxolod am dazianebuli jgufebis ojaxebSi Sesabamis kvlevebs, Semdeg is gafarTovda da yvela bavSvi 2-7 wlamde, Tu eqimi miiCnevs, rom saWiroa kvleva – ikvleva. Sedian maTTan ojaxebSi da ikvleven tyviis wyaroebs, rogoria tyviis koncentracia. gaerom gvaCuqa oTxi aparati, romelTa saSualebiT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva nivTierebaSi tyviis kvleva. erTs gadavcemT aWaris sazogadoebrivi jandacvis centrs da aWaraSic iqneba SesaZlebeli am kvlevebis Catareba.
ras gulisxmobs aRniSnuli strategia, romeli asaki miekuTvneba risk-jgufs, yvela bavSvs sWirdeba Tu ara tyviis analizi da ra gamosavali arsebobs imaTTvis, vis sisxlSic tyviis maRali Semcveloba dafiqsirda – amaze saubrobs `aWarasTan~ aWaris sazogadoebrivi jandacvis centris direqtori rusudan SaviSvili.
– qalbatono rusudan, rodis gaCnda eWvi, rom aWaraSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis sisxlSi tyviis Semcveloba maRalia?
– jer kidev 2018 wlis seqtembridan dekembramde periodSi miiqcia yuradReba am Temam. gaeros bavSvTa fondi, cxra donor organizaciasTan erTad, daexmara saqarTvelos mTavrobas, kerZod, statistikis erovnul samsaxursa da daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnul centrs, mravalindikatoruli klasteruli kvlevis (miqsi) CatarebaSi, romelic Sinameurneobebis yvelaze didi kvlevaa msoflioSi. tyviis donis gansazRvrisTvis, venuri sisxlis sinjebi Segrovda 2-7 wlis 1578 bavSvisgan saqarTvelos masStabiT. maTi CarTva kvlevaSi moxda SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT da sinjebi gaigzavna italiis janmrTelobis erovnul institutSi, romelic warmoadgens evropis wamyvan sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis instituts. tyviis Semcvelobaze sisxlis nimuSis kvlevisas gamoyenebuli iyo induqciurad Sewyvilebuli plazmis mas-speqtrometri, rac warmoadgens tyviis kvlevis oqros standarts. rogorc gairkva, am nimuSebis 41% sisxlSi aRmoCnda 5 mkg/dl-ze – es tyviis Semcvelobis maRali donea da aTjer aRemateba ganviTarebuli qveynebis maCveneblebs. gansakuTrebiT maRali maCvenebeli _ 85% dafiqsirda aWaraSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis sisxlSi.
– sxva qveynebSic iReben am sinjebs?
– diax, es ar aris mxolod Cveni, es globaluri msoflio problemaa. niu-iorkSi 40 wlis win daarsebuli tyviis institutic ki funqcionirebs. dRes Cven davdeqiT am realobis winaSe. unda vicodeT, rom sisxlSi tyviis maRali Semcveloba zians ayenebs tvins. igi gansakuTrebiT saSiSia Cvilebisa da 5 wlamde asakis bavSvebisaTvis. iwvevs e.w. nevrologiur, kognitur da fizikur SezRudvebs. amitom es problema gascda Cvens CarCoebs. daavadebaTa kontrolisa da jandacvis centris, gaeros bavSvTa fondis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganviTarebis saagentos da estoneTis ganviTarebis saagentosTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam dasaxa rigi aucilebeli RonisZieba.
– ra RonisZiebebzea saubari?
– tyviis momatebuli dozis Sesamcireblad Seiqmna laboratoriuli baza, romlis meSveobiTac ukve qveyanaSi SevZlebT toqsikuri metalebis aRmoCenas. wels daavadebaTa kontrolis centrs gadaeca atomur-abzorfciuli speqtometri da swrafi deteqciis oTxi aparati – laboratoriuli danadgarebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva nimuSSi toqsikuri metalebis Semcvelobis gansazRvrisTvis. erTi aparati aWaris jandacvis saministros kvlevebis Casatareblad gadaeca, romelic Seiswavlis da adgens tyviiT dabinZurebis wyaros. anu unda moewyos maRali donis materialur-teqnikuri baza saTanado kvlevebis sawarmoeblad.
– sinjebs mxolod sisxlidan iReben?
– ara mxolod. am danadgarebis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia sinjebis aReba wylidan, sakvebidan, saTamaSoebidan, samSeneblo masalebidan. . . gaxsovT, albaT, sunelebis gaxmaurebuli Tema, imasac gavsinjavT. Tanac ara mxolod tyviazea saubari, daadgenen kadmiumis, dariSxanis da a.S. nivTierebebis dozirebas. swored am mizniT, aWaraSi ganxorcieldeba sapilote proeqti. ukve seqtembridan dekembris CaTvliT viwyebT sisxlSi tyviis Semcvelobaze kvlevebs orsulebsa (mosalodneli garTulebebis) da laqtaciaSi myof qalebze. cxadia, gamoikveTeba risk-jgufebi da ise SeirCeva beneficiarebi.
– risk-jgufebSi vin moiazreba?
– is qalbatonebi, visac hqonda, magaliTad, naadrevi mSobiaroba, Sewyvetili orsuloba, abortebi, aseve, nayofis paTologiebi da a.S. jer ganxorcieldeba sapilote proeqti da Semdeg, Tuki gveqneba garkveuli Sedegebi, ufro gaiSleba da farTod dainergeba. 2021 wlis biujetSi ukve gvaqvs Setanili Tanxa am programis gansaxorcieleblad.
– rodesac aRmoaCenT tyviiT dabinZurebas, SesaZlebelia misi ganeitraleba?
– rasakvirvelia. rogorc klinicistebi amtkiceben, Tuki sisxlSi dabalia rkinis da kalciumis Semcveloba, iq tyvia iolad ikidebs fexs. swored am deficitis SevsebiT gamoidevneba tyvia bavSvis organizmidan. swored ase umkurnales im bavSvebs, vis sisxlSic aRmoCnda tyviis maRali Semcveloba. CautardaT CanacvlebiTi Terapia da meoradma sinjma gaumjobesebuli Sedegi aCvena.
– mainc saidan xvdeba tyvia sisxlSi?
– samwuxarod, dabinZurebis wyaro ver dadginda. amitomaa aucilebeli detaluri da mizanmimarTuli kvlevis Catareba. saboloo Sedegebis miRebamde, yvela SemTxvevis identificireba unda moxdes, wina kvlevebSi beneficiarebi sam jgufad dahyves: dabali, maRali da saSualo maCvenebeli. im ojaxebSi, sadac maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda, ufasod gamoikvlies ojaxis 18 wlamde mozardebic. ase rom, garkveeuli sastarto monacemebi gvaqvs asaxuli poziciaze da imedia, fexs aidgams es programac. Tanac Camodian ucxoeli eqspertebi, romlebic arkveven rig sakiTxebs. sxvaTa Soris, rodesac ojaxebis kvleva daiwyes, aRmoCnda, rom zogs saxlSi hqonda sanadiro Tofi da tyviebi, sxvas – akumulatorebi da saxelosnoebi. eWvi mihqondaT sawvavzec, magram dadginda, rom ukve 20 weliwadia, rac saqarTveloSi aRar Semodis sawvavi, romelic tyvias Seicavs. gamonabolqvis versiac gamoiricxa.
– ramdenad safrTxis Semcvelia es problema Cveni momavali TaobisTvis?
– nebismieri problema, romlis identificrebac SeiZleba da gvaqvs misi gadaWris gzebi, aRar warmoadgens did safrTxes. mTavaria, rom gveqneba srulyofili materialur-teqnikuri baza, proporciuli resursi, romelic moicavs, rogorc laboratorias, ise kvalificiur personals. vimedovnebT, aWaras ukve dekemberSi eqneba problemis sruli monaxazi da Semdeg vizrunebT am sapilote proeqtis programulad CamoyalibebisTvis.
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am sakiTxs exmaureba Sromis medicinisa da ekologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis profilaqtikuri toqsikologiis departamentis mTavari specialisti manana Juruli. misi TqmiT: `Semowmebisas 594 saTamaSodan 164-Si aRmoCnda sxvadasxva nivTiereba ufro momatebuli koncentraciiT, vidre es dasaSvebia. TiToeuli maTgani Zalian toqsikuria, Sesabamisad, bavSvebis saTamaSoebSi Tu maTi koncentracia maRalia, toqsikuri efeqtis gamowveva SeuZlia, miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom bavSvebs yvelaferi pirTan miaqvT, ReWaven da a.S. tyvia, pirvel rigSi, nervul sistemaze moqmedebs, bavSvebSi inteleqtis Semcirebas, inteleqtis koeficientis daTrgunvas iwvevs. tyviis momatebuli koncentraciis gamo, SesaZloa, bavSvi ufro hiperaqtiuri gaxdes, Semecnebis unari dauqveiTdes. centralur nervul sistemaze gavlena ar aris tyviis zemoqmedebis erTaderTi Sedegi. tyvia lagdeba ZvlebSi; es, saerTod, metalebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. antagonistia kalciumi. bavSvebs, romlebsac tyviasTan aqvT Sexeba, SesaZloa, iseTi Zvalsaxsrovani sistema ar CamouyalibdeT, rogoric saWiroa~.
profilaqtikuri toqsikologiis departamentis xelmZRvanelis inga Rvinerias gancxadebiT, bavSvebis organizmSi tyviis dadgenili normaa 10 mikrogrami/decilitrSi, garemo zemoqmedeba ki imdenad kombinirebulia, rom bavSvebma tyvia SesaZloa, saTamaSosTan erTad, sxva gziTac miiRon: `im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sisxlSi tyviis Semcveloba dasaSveb normaze 2-jer da 3-jer metia, TandaTanobiT xdeba klinikuri niSnebis gamZafreba. bavSvi SekiTxvebs saTanadod ver pasuxobs, skolaSi CamorCeba, aseve aqvs inteleqtis daqveiTebis niSnebi. TandaTan Tavs iCens iseTi daavadeba, rogoricaa anemia da a.S. SesaZloa, bavSvi krunCxvebamdec mivides. plastmasis saTamaSoebSi gamoyenebulia damarbilebeli da elastikurobis mimcemi danamatebi, romlebic janmrTelobaze Zalian cudad moqmedebs; kancerogenamde midis saqme, estrogenebze (hormoni, romelic aregulirebs qalis reproduqciul sistemas) moqmedebs. am SemTxvevaSic saubaria ara mwvave, aramed qronikuli mowamvlis saSiSroebaze. bavSvTa saTamaSoebi arc sabaJoze kontroldeba, radgan amas baza sWirdeba, Tavisi laboratoria, momzadebuli kadri, mowesrigebuli sistema, rasac qimiuri usafrTxoebis dacva da profilaqtika hqvia da rac, jerjerobiT, CvenTan ar aris. es sakmaod Zvirad Rirebuli komfortia, radgan laboratoriebi da sistemuri kontroli xarjTan aris dakavSirebuli~. misive TqmiT, mkurnalobis efeqti damokidebulia swor diagnostikaze. swored amitom mniSvnelovania sistemuri laboratoriuli kontroli da im mizezebis dadgena, Tu ram miiyvana bavSvi ama Tu im mdgomareobamde.
pediatri, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori avTandil kvezereli ambobs, rom saTamaSoebis saRebavebi unda iyos metad mdgradi da ar ixsnebodes nerwyvis Sexebazec ki. aucileblad unda gamoiyenebodes kvebis mrewvelobisTvis gankuTvnili saRebavebi, ar unda hqondes specifikuri suni, raTa ar gamoiwvios garkveuli mowamvliTi procesebi.
rogorc kvezereli ambobs, mis praqtikaSi xSirad yofila SemTxveva, rodesac bavSvis saTamaSoTi mowamvlaze hqoniaT eWvi, Tumca, misive TqmiT, `gamJRavnebis saSualeba ar aqvT, rom bavSvis mowamvla garkveul SemTxvevebSi, swored saTamaSos brali iyo~.
rogorc vxedavT, Zalian mniSvnelovania procesi, romelic amJamad aWaris regionSi mimdinareobs, vgulisxmobT im sapilote proeqts, romelsac aWaris sazogadoebrivi jandacvis centri axorcielebs. imedia, male gairkveva sakiTxi da Cveni bavSvebi da orsuli qalebi dazRveuli iqnebian sisxlSi toqsikuri nivTierebebis mavne zemoqmedebisgan.
