სვეტი საქართველოსი – ნათელი მხედარი
laSa xomeriki 593 50 82 69 –
8 Tebervali daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRea
wmida mefeebiT saqarTvelo gamorCeulia: vaxtang gorgasali, aSot didi, daviTi, Tamari, demetre. am mefeebma Tavisi moRvaweobiT Cvens istoriaSi waruSleli kvali datoves. marTlmadidebeli eklesia tyuilubralod wmindanad aravis Seracxavs. amitomac gansakuTrebulad vinteresdebiT maTi cxovrebiT. ra Rvawli miuZRviT am mefeebs qveynis winaSe, ra damsaxurebisTvis Seracxes isini wmindanebad? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad wmida mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli gavixsenoT, romlis moRvaweoba saukuneTa gadasaxedidanac STambeWdavi da amaRlebulia, Tanac dRes, 8 Tebervals, misi xsenebis dRea.
daviT meoTxe aRmaSenebeli (1079-1125) _ saqarTvelos udidesi xelmwife, kaci, romelic STamomavlobis gulSi axlac sworupovar moRvawed miiCneva. daviTis pirovneba gvitacebs da gviyvars, aRgvafrTovanebs misi cxovreba da moRvaweoba dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, roca saSualeba gveZleva SevajeroT sxvadasxva wyaro da im periodis msoflio politikuri movlenebi. amiT ufro saCino xdeba am uRresad didi, progresuli moRvawisa da reformatoris sibrZne da SemarTeba, interesTa mravalmxrivoba, misi keTili da samagaliTo moRvaweoba.
namdvili goliaTi, keTilaRnagi da Sinagani cecxliT gabrwyinebuli daviT meoTxe Tavis TanamemamuleebSi jer kidev sruliad axalgazrda iwvevda ndobasa da pativiscemas. 16 wlisam, roca saqarTvelos samefo taxti Caibara, garSemomyofni darwmundnen, rom `bnelsa ukunsa iwyo aRmociskrebad mzeman yovelTa mefobaTaman, didma saxeliTa da udidesman saqmiT~.
didi goniereba, `aRuZvreli qceva~, saocari simSvide, Rrma ganswavluloba, codnismoyvareoba, miznis erTguleba, rainduli SemarTeba da mxedarTmTavruli niWi, patriotizmi, Rrma rwmena da zneobrivi Zala is Tvisebebia, ramac jer kidev Wabuk mefes SeaZlebina saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa da aRorZinebisTvis didi brZolebi wamoewyo. gamefebisTanave daviTma Semokriba qarTveli patriotebi, Seadgina gvardia (`mona spa~) da daiwyo brZola TurqTa gansadevnad. maSin, rogorc mematiane gvidasturebs, `moTxrobil iyo qarTli da Tvinier cixeTa sadme ara sada iyo kaci sofelsa Sina, arca ara Senebuloba~. mefis Zalaufleba mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloze vrceldeboda. daviTma ganizraxa TavianT Zvel namosaxlarze daebrunebina didi Turqobis dros gaqceuli da miuval adgilebSi Sexiznuli qarTvelebi. man es sisruleSi moiyvana. am periodSi dasavleTidan wamosulma jvarosnebma pirvelad Turqebs Seuties da daamarcxes isini. daviTma isargebla amiT, Turqebs xarki Seuwyvita da energiuladac Seutia. male Turqebma qarTlis Suagulidan fexi amoikveTes. daviTma Turqebis gandevna sxva adgilebidanac daiwyo. imave periodSi man xeli mihyo samefos sazRvrebis ganmtkicebas – kaxeT-hereTi SemoierTa.
mefes didi reformebis gatarebaSi xels mowinaaRmdege didebulebi uSlidnen. daviTma isini alagma, maTi mamulebi samefo sakuTrebad gamocxadda, xolo ruisisa da urbnisis saeklesio krebaze uRirsi maRali saeklesio Tanamdebobis pirebic amxiles da gandevnes eklesiidan. samefo karze SemoiRes axali samsaxurebi – mwignobarTuxucesi, sasamarTlo dawesebuleba, saajo kari da sapolicio aparati `mstovrebisa~. am gardaqmnebma saxelmwifos gaZlierebas Seuwyo xeli.
daviT mefe didi samxedro strategi iyo. rogorc viciT, man 1118-1119 wlebSi gaatara didi samxedro reforma. CrdiloeTidan gadmoasaxla 200000 yivCaRi – 40000 ojaxi. yoveli ojaxidan erTi meomari mudmiv jariskacad gaamwesa. amas garda, hyavda 5000 mona spa da qarTvelTa laSqari. jaris gaZlierebiT daviTma SeZlo Tavisi miznis asruleba – ganavrco qarTvelTa qveyana nikofsiidan (tuapse) darubandamde (derbenti), magram iqamde didi brZolebi gadaixada: 1110 wels gaaTavisufla kaxeT-hereTi, 1118 wels daimorCila ovseTi, 1120 wels gaanadgura Turqebi bortiasTan, imave wels SirvanSi aiRo yabala, liJeTi, qurdevani, xolo samxreTiT gaanadgura Turqebi aSornias. . . warmatebiT ilaSqra somxeTSi, sparseTsa da siriaSi, 1121 wels gaanadgura TurqTa mxedroba xunans, bardavs da ganZas.
daaxloebiT 60 didi Tu patara omi gadaixada daviT aRmaSeneblma da samocjerve gamarjvebuli dabrunda brZolis velidan, maTgan yvelaze mniSvnelovani didgoris brZola iyo. sxvaTa Soris, wels agvistoSi am udiades brZolas 900 weli usruldeba, brZolas, romelmac ara mxolod gadaarCina Cveni qveyana gaqrobisgan, aramed mTlianad kavkasiac, amas ukve TviT obieqturi rusi analitikosebic aRiareben. marTals amboben, rom didgoris omiT didi guli aqvs qarTvels. . . didgoris brZolis dawyebis win daviTma STambeWdavi sityvebiT mimarTa jars: `eha meomarno qristesano! Tu RmerTis sjulis dasacavad TavdadebiT vibrZolebT, aramcTu eSmakis uricxv mimdevarTa, aramed TviT eSmaksac advilad davamarcxebT~. mefis sityvebma saocari rwmeniT aRavso mebrZolni. daviT mefem 56 000 meomriT sruliad gaanadgura mahmadianTa koaliciuri 500 000-iani armia, es iyo marTlac `Zlevai sakvirveli~. momdevno wels mefem gaaTavisufla Tbilisi, Semdeg ki dmanisi, Sirvani, gulistani, aseve somxeTi da misi dedaqalaqi anisi. am brZolebSi TviT daviTi warmoCnda rogorc sworupovari da SorsmWvreti mxedari, romelmac Tavisi Zalauflebis qveS gaaerTiana kavkasiis xalxebi da Seqmna mZlavri `kavkasiuri imperia~. . .
daviTis periodis saqarTvelo kulturuli doniTac gamoirCeoda. renesansi namdvilad igrZnoboda da es Tavad mefis daucxromel zrunvas miewereba. igi ucxoeTSi saswavleblad gzavnida niWier axalgazrdebs, farTo gasaqani misca kulturul aRmSeneblobas. aRsaniSnavia gelaTi, sadac akademia Camoyalibda. iq samoRvaweod Camoiyvana sazRvargareT saxelganTqmuli qarTveli mecnierebi, mwerlebi, filosofosebi (ioane petriwi, arsen iyalToeli), akademiebi daarsda agreTve iyalToSi, gremSi. am akademiebSi sagangebod swavlobdnen ariTmetikas, musikas, ritorikas, aseve, medicinasac, Targmnidnen im xanebSi cnobil saxelmZRvaneloebs adamianis bunebis Sesaxeb. gelaTsa da iyalTos SemogarenSi aaSenes qsenoni (davrdomilTa TavSesafari, saavadmyofo), sadac TviT daviTi `mividoda da TiToeuls moinaxulebda, moikiTxavda, gaamxnevebda~. ase zrunavda Tavisi qveSevrdomebisTvis, radgan upirvelesad, Tavisi xalxi da qveyana uyvarda da uwyoda kidec – mxolod janmrTeli da kmayofili, rwmeniT aRsavse adamianebi SeZlebdnen saqarTvelos movlasa da patronobas.
`Zlieri~, `mesiis maxvili~ `yovlad brZeni~, `mzis SaravandediT ubrwyinvalesi~. . . ase amkobdnen mematianeni.
aRmaSenebeli – es didebuli zedwodeba ki mas xalxma mianiWa, `mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa, SarvanSa da SahanSa da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis TviTmflobelobiT mpyrobeli. aResrula 53 wlis asakSi, mefobis 36 wlis Semdeg. dakrZales misganve agebul gelaTSi.
`daviTferuli~ – ase ambobdnen yvelaze mWrel qarTul xmalze, yvelaze karg droSad `daviTians~ saxavdnen Cveni winaprebi, sulis damSvidebasa da davanebas ki mis saocar poeziaSi -`galobani sinanulisani~ eZebda martvili suli, mas ewafeboda da ewafeba axlac. . . da rwmeniT aRsavses eamayeba warsuli -daviTis saqmeebiTa da sulierebiT ganaTebuli, mefe xom axlac gviwiladebs Tavis Saravandeds.
