,,ჩვენს ეკონომიკას თავზე მარყუჟი აქვს ჩამოცმული, ხოლო ყოველი დაზიანებული დღე ეკონომიკურ პრობლემებთან წაგებული რაუნდია”
èïîòïè õòàïîòøâòäò 27 48 93 –
qveyanaSi mimdinare rTul ekonomikur procesebze, ZiriTadi problemebis gamomwvev mizezebze da Seqmnili viTarebidan gamosavlis gzebze subrobs
`aWarasTan~ interviuSi ekonomikis doqtori rati abulaZe
– batono rati, Tu SeiZleba detalurad davaxasiaToT pandemiis gamo Seqmnili rTuli ekonomikuri viTareba saqarTveloSi.
– 2021 weli saqarTvelos ekonomikisTvis cudad daiwyo. arc 2020 weli iyo kargi, magram radgan am etapze optimisturi ganwyoba gvqonda, molodinebis sawinaaRmdegod gviCvena Semdegi: realuri mTliani Sida produqtis kleba – 11,5%, sagareo vaWrobis kleba – 16,5%, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis moculobis kleba – 52,9% (es 2020 wlisaa, magram aq SevajamoT). marTalia, wliuri inflaciis done STambeWdavad gamoiyureba, magram sursaTze, samrewvelo Tu samedicino produqciaze fasebis zrdas mivyavarT damangreveli socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebisken.
– ras gamoiwvevs es yvelaferi?
– yvelaferi erTad, jamSi, gamoiwvevs uTanasworobis gaRrmavebas, biujetis xarjebis da konfrontaciuli riskebis matebas. aqve imasac vityvi, rom ekonomikuri krizisi da aqedan Tavis daRwevis gzebi, politikurad aris Caxergili. rac Seexeba Cveni ekonomikis imunur sistemas – Zalian dasustebulia, imdenad, rom mxolod vaqcinaciiT da SezRudvebis moxsniT ver vuSveliT. samwuxarod, dartyma miadga rogorc moTxovnas (mosaxleobis mxridan), ise miwodebas. anu mosaxleobas ara aqvs fuli, rom SeiZinos, xolo mimwodeblebs – produqcia, radgan ar arsebobs gamarTuli qseli, romelic msoflio bazrisgan damoukideblad SeZlebs mis mopovebas. msoflioSi fasebis mimdinare ryevebi, romelic TandaTan izrdeba, Cvenze katastrofulad moqmedebs. marTalia, soflis meurneobis kuTxiT Zvrebi aris, magram arsebiTi suraTi ar icvleba da viRebT fasebis ryevebs, mzard umuSevrobas, klebad Semosavlebs da a.S. dRes makroekonomikuri problemebis daZlevas isev valebis aRebiT vcdilobT, xolo mosaxleobis socialuri problemebis daZlevas – ekonomikuri sanaxaobiT. amitom, xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom arsebuli siRrmis zians sWirdeba mxolod cvlilebebis Zala da axali energia.
– premieris mier warmodgenil axal ekonomikur proeqtze ras gvetyviT?
– sazogadoebis, ekonomistebis, eqspertebis, bazris moTxovniT, RaribaSvilma gamoaRo sakmaod kargi fanjara. minda SegaxsenoT, rom ivaniSvilis da axlandeli premieris saxels ukavSirdeba Tavis droze ekonomikuri programis Seqmna, ganviTarebis strategiis dadeba da ekonomikuri jgufebis formireba.
– ramdenad gaamarTla am strategiam?
– kargi iyo Tu cudi – iyo, magram ver hpova saTanado implementacia, rac sul sxva gamowvevaa. axla, rodesac premieri kvlav vixileT am asparezze da man xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom me isev Sevqmni programas da davakompleqteb jgufebso, es gamodga naTeli sxivi im fanjaraSi, saidanac xedi, dRes bundovnad aRiqmeba Cvens ekonomikur garemoSi.
– ratom bundovnad, nuTu ar gvyavs specialistebi, romlebic fanjridan xeds gaarCeven?
– swored aqedan gamomdinare vambob, rom Zalian problematuri gaxda Cvens qveyanaSi ekonomikuri politikis formireba. dineba midis, magram axali araferi moaqvs. simarTle giTxraT, gaocebuli var: amdeni resursia, rogorc adamianuri, ise akademiuri, amxela akademiuri energiaa, aseTi ekonomistebi gvyavs, magram ar gvaqvs standarti, ar gvaqvs kriteriumi, marTvis Sesafasebeli aranairi dokumenti, anu riT SevafasoT, rogor midis movlenebi? viRac gaakritikebs, viRac – Seaqebs, magram amisTvis xom gvWirdeba kriteriumebi? am problemis daZleva unda gaxdes yvelas mizani da ara pirovnebis amoCemeba, romelzec zogi kargs ityvis, zogic – cuds. mTavaria, jansaRi garemos miReba, situaciis Sefaseba da ara – pirovnebis. elementarulad, Cveni saubaric rekomendaciaa, winadadeba da ara gakilva. mocemul SemTxvevaSi, yvelaferi problema gaxda – fasic, valutis kursic, mdgomareobac.
– valutis gaZvirebam sul mTlad gaarTula isedac mZime mdgomareoba.
– faqtobrivad, valutis kursi ekonomikis realur mdgomareobas asaxavs. ekonomikuri ufskruli izrdeba da Sesabamisad, izrdeba problemebic. gulwrfelad getyviT, bednieri viqnebodi, bevri pozitiuri kuTxe rom hqondes Cvens ekonomikas da valutis kursi iyos mxolod aqilevsis qusli. maSin amiT daviwyebdi intervius, magram obieqturoba moiTxovs aRvniSnoT, rom Cveni ekonomika yvelasTvis ar muSaobs. am dReebSi daaanonses, rom mosaxleobis maRalSemosavliani segmenti mxolod 10%-ia, dabalSemosavliani – 50%. anu araTu verafers ver qmnis mosaxleobis naxevari, piriqiT, zrunvas saWiroebs. es ar aris am adamianebis brali, es ekonomikuri politikis, mocemulobis bralia, radgan maTi ekonomikuri aqtivizacia ver moxda, rac ekonomikuri politikis valdebulebaa. 10% – Zalian cotaa, ratom ar gvyavs 30-40% mdidari adamianebi? Semosavlebic meti gveqneboda, pandemiis pirobebSi umweoebs met daxmarebebsac mivcemdiT da gacilebiT generirebuli bazari Camoyalibdeboda.
– mainc rogor SeafasebdiT Cvens ekonomikas am etapze?
– Cvens ekonomikas Tavze maryuJi aqvs Camocmuli, xolo yoveli dazianebuli dRe ekonomikur problemebTan wagebuli raundia, rac vlindeba gaufasurebul valutaSi, gaZvirebul fasebSi, Semcirebul produqciaSi, aRSfoTebul biznesSi, saxelmwifo biujetis klebaSi da bolos – gazrdil sagareo valebSi.
– batono rati, yvela mTavrobis yvela axali meTauri iwyebs ekonomikur reformas, romelsac iviwyeben. rogorc ki reformatori tovebs posts axalmosuli iwyebs ukve Tavis TamaSs.
– sanam mTavar saTqmels vityviT, aRvniSnoT daxmarebebis politika. is, rom vexmarebiT moqalaqeebs arsebuli biujetis pirobebSi, misasalmebelia da madlierebas imsaxurebs. ekonomikis aRdgenaze saubrisas, ar unda dagvaviwydes, ra TanxebiT davexmareT bizness an adamianebs. SedarebisTvis moviyvan mowinave qveynebs, romlebmac amave mizniT daxarjes mTliani Sida produqtis 25%. Cveni donis, ganviTarebadma qveynebma saSualod 7%, zogma meti, zogma – naklebi (Cven – naklebi). kidev ufro naklebad ganviTarebulma saxelmwifoebma – procentnaxevari. 2021 wlis biujetSi, am mimarTulebiT gamoyofili gvaqvs, wliuri Sida produqtis 2%. amiT, met-naklebad, ekonomikuri simSvide, makroekonomikuri parametrebi SevinarCuneT. Tumca aqve imasac aRvniSnav, rom ver SevinarCuneT stabiluroba socialuri kuTxiT, biznessubieqtebis Tu bazris simSvide. amitom, aq gvaqvs sakmaod didi gamowveva.
dRes pandemias vebrZviT sazogadoebis imunuri sistemis CamoyalibebiT. Tu viruss ver gavakontrolebT, ekonomikis, turizmis aRdgena, fiskaluri da fuladi politikis cvlilebac ki ver moxdeba. pirdapir vTqvaT, mosaxleobas romc SevpirdeT viTarebis gaumjobesebas, faqtia, rom am stimulirebis paketi moklevadiania, xolo Semdgomi negatiuri procesebi Seuqcevadia grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. aqedan daskvna: ekonomikis mxardaWeris mocemulobis Seqmna da biznesis amoZraveba gadis isev da isev ekonomikuri jgufebis formirebaze, romlis potencialSi unda iyos da iqneba kompleqsuri midgomis resursi cvlilebebiT da maRali standartebiT – marTvaSic, politikaSic, ekonomikis strategiis SeqmnaSic da a.S. anu yvela dargsa da yvela sferoSi.
– yvelaze didi problema, romelic Tan gvdevs, jer kidev sabWoeTis periodidan, umuSevroba ki ara, vinc muSaobs, imisi dabali xelfasebia, rac ar aZlevs adamianebs mTeli ZalisxmeviT da umaRlesi standartebiT muSaobis stimuls. xSirad gaigonebT – vmuSaob ise, rogorc mixdian…
– Cveni sazogadoeba sakmaod mZlavri da organizebulia, ubralod, jerjerobiT wina planze ver wamoswia iseTi energiuli resursi, romelic pozitiur procesebs daalagebda. ki, Cveni ekonomika gardamaval etapzea, memkvidreoba grZeldeba, gansakuTrebiT, ekonomikuri politikis kuTxiT da ver vcvliT verafers, Semosavlebi Zalian dabalia, rasac yvela ganvicdiT. aqve minda aRvniSno, rom xelfasi mxolod Tavis rCenaze ar unda aisaxebodes, is gavlenas unda axdendes progreszec, dargebis Tu qveynis ganviTarebazec. saSualo statistikur Jurnalists, mecniers, inteleqtuals rom ar eqneba saTanado Semosavali, is verc Seqmnis maRali donis produqcias, esec problemaa, magram mTlianobaSi, am yvelafris Tavi da Tavi, garemos formirebaa. imitom mivdivar maRal standartTan. dRes verc mecniereba TanamSromlobs biznesTan, verc saxelmwifo TanamSromlobs mecnierebasTan adekvaturad. procesebi diferencirebulia, gancalkevda, ver moeqca erTian sinqronSi.
– ras gulisxmobT?
– gvaqvs resursi – ver viyenebT, gvaqvs potenciali – ver vsargeblobT da a.S. viRacis dadanaSauleba, gadabral-gadmobraleba, konfrontaciebi, pirovnebebis lanZRva, iolia. Tuki TiToeuli CvenTagani monawileobas miiRebs qveynis problemebis daZlevaSi, yvelaferi gaifiltreba – umoqmedoba, susti marTvis resursic, dabali donis politikosebic da sxv. magram mTeli aqcenti gadadis purze da sanaxaobaze. . .
– im sanaxaobaze daswrebis bileTis fulic ar aqvs xalxs.
– geTanxmebiT, rodesac mosaxleobis amxela segmenti – 50%, dabalSemosavliani gyavs, rasac, Tqvenive TqmiT, emateba uimedod dasaqmebulebi anu dabalxelfasianebi, rTulia maRal standartze saubari. pandemiis periodSi, mowinave qveynebis moqalaqeebs anabrebze fuli darCaT da bazris gaxsnas elodebian. rogorc ki moixsneba SezRudvebi – ekonomikis aRdgenas mokle droSi SeZleben. CvenTan piriqiT moxda, mTlianad amoiwura resursi. kiTxvas vsvam: ris xarjze vapirebT konomikis aRdgenas? mastimulirebeli RonisZiebebi arasakmarisia, valebs imdens veRar aviRebT, radgan rac gvaqvs – gadasafaria. politikuri resursi, faqtobrivad, ver muSaobs ekonomikur problemebze, ekonomikuri jgufebi ar gvyavs, rac gvyavs – Sedegi ver moaqvs. amitom, riT xar dazRveuli, ver xvdebi? kidev erTxel vimeoreb, mTavaria problemis daZleva da ara romelime pirovnebaze gadabraleba.
– Zalian rTuli viTareba Seiqmna, gamosavali ar gvaqvs?
– gamosavalia sazogadoebaSi, ekonomikaSi, akademiur jgufebSi, inteleqtualebSi da cvlilebebSi. axla mTavaria sagareo da saSinao ekonomikuri politikis Seqmna. amis resursi aqvT sakanonmdeblo da aRamsrulebel organoebs, magram modiT yvelafers adgili mivuCinoT, Tavisi roli da pasuxismgebloba davakisroT. . . sxvaTa Soris, gaeroc aRniSnavda bolos gamoqveyebul angariSSi: uTanasworoba rom Semcirdes, msoflio vaWroba gamococxldes, ZiriTadi aqcenti gadadis politikuri valdebulebebis Sesrulebaze. es sakmaod rTulia, vis aqvs politikuri valdebulebebis awevis unari? CvenTvis mTavaria imis garkveva, vis aqvs problemebis daZlevis resursi, energia da politikuri unari.
– romeli dargis ganviTareba gamogviyvans am Cixidan?
– CvenTvisac da mTeli msofliosTvisac, ZiriTad amocanad iqca cifruli teqnologiebis ganviTareba. investiciebsac ukve irCeven, smart-investiciebi gvWirdebao, acxadeben. rac Seexeba soflis meurneobas, aq cota gvyavs gaaqtiurebuli, daaxloebiT – 50 aTass asaxeleben. proeqtebi – arasakmarisia. mimaCnia, am mimarTulebiT metad individualizebuli proeqtebi unda Seiqmnas, romelic bukletebis Tu mediis saSualebiT ki ar unda SevTavazoT, aramed TiToeul glexTan mivideT saxlSi, avtomaturad CavrToT proeqtebSi. aucilebelia, Zlieri, axali fermeri SevqmnaT da axali biznesklasi davamatoT arsebuls. 10%-dan 60-70%-mde gavzardoT xorcis, rZis produqtebis, xorblis Tu simindis warmoeba anu gavaaqtiuroT potenciali. me piradad momxre var soflis meurneobis da ara importis subsidirebis. sxva qveynis bizness ki ar vuxadoT fuli Cveni qveynis biujetidan, Cveni unda davafinansoT. mivideT mewarmesTan da vuTxraT, gadagixdi fuls, oRond Sen awarmoe dabalfasiani, konkurentunariani produqcia. amiT is minda vTqva, rom investiciebi unda moviTxvoT teqnologiebSi, xolo Sida investiciebi gavzardoT soflis meurneobaSi. bizness ver vetyviT, rom wagebaze wavides, magram zrdadi tarifebis STanTqma – ukve saxelmwifos movaleobaa.

