საშიშ ინფექციათა ეპიდემიები საქართველოში
koronavirusis gavrcelebam mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis SiSi, eWvi da undobloba gamoiwvia. werilSi SevecadeT Segvexsenebina mkiTxvelisTvis, rom es pandemia pirveli araa, msgavsi mravali ubedureba dauZlevia Cvens xalxs da aqamde mouRwevia erTmaneTis TanadgomiT, ndobiT, gonierebiT, siyvaruliT, rwmeniT da imediT.
Savi Wiris, tifis, qoleris, yvavilis, difteriis, gripis epidemiebi swrafad vrceldeboda qveynebsa da kontinentebze da musrs avlebda mosaxleobas. CvenSi maT ,,Jamianobas~ uwodebdnen. epidemiebi maRali sikvdilianobiT xasiaTdeboda, gansakuTrebuli veragobiT Savi Wiri gamoirCeoda. cnobilia am daavadebis 140 epidemia da 3 pandemia.
Savi Wiris epidemia, romelmac CineTisa da indoeTis mosaxleobas musri gaavlo, monRolTa jarma evropaSic Seitana, sadac 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi 60 milioni adamiani daiRupa – mosaxleobis TiTqmis meoTxedi. Savi Wiris imunizacia (acra) ar arsebobs, jerjerobiT likvidirebuli ar aris. misi erTeuli, epizoduri SemTxvevebi axlac iCens Tavs CineTSi, monRoleTSi, madagaskarSi. infeqciis ZiriTadi gadamtani mRrRnelebia. epidkerebi dResac arsebobs amerikaSi, saqarTveloSi, somxeTSi, ruseTSi, TurqeTSi, saberZneTSi. amJamad SesaZlebelia Savi Wiris efeqturi mkurnaloba-droulad dawyebuli antibiotikoTerapiiT pacienti ikurneba.
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciis Semotanas da gavrcelebas xels uwyobs misi geografiuli mdebareoba – saqarTveloze gadioda ,,abreSumis gza~ da sxva komunikaciebi. Savi Wiris pirveli epidemia me-6 saukuneSia dafiqsirebuli. igi TbilisSi SemoutaniaT vaWrebs mezobeli qveynebidan. Tbilisidan infeqcia regionebSic swrafad gavrcelebula da TiTqmis 30 weli mZvinvarebda. me-14 saukuneSi Savma Wirma Tbilisis mosaxleobis naxevari Seiwira. epidemia ZiriTadad mosaxleobis Rarib fenebSi vrceldeboda, magram istorias SemorCa am sneulebiT daRupul didgvarovanTa da samefo ojaxis wevrTa saxelebi.
amboben, rom
aleqsandre makedoneli malariam Seiwira;
Temur engi gripozuli pnevmoniiT daiRupa;
Sah-abasi dizenteriiT momkvdara.
monRolTa ,,oqros urdom~ berqas winamZRolobiT aaoxra kavkasia, magram igi mis banakSi gaCenilma Savma Wirma imsxverpla.
TelavSi gardacvlili gmiri mefe erekle II Savi Wiris SiSiT 40 dRe ver damarxes. 40 dRis Semdeg, roca epidemiis intensivobam cotaTi iklo, 20 aTasi kacis TanxlebiT cxedari Telavidan mcxeTaSi waabrZanes, kubo aragvis marcxena napirze daasvenes, gamcileblebi ki swrafad ukan gabrundnen, raTa sveticxovlidan mosul xalxs ar Sexvedrodnen: maSin sveticxovelSi Tavs afarebda sxvadasxva daavadebiT dauZlurebuli uamravi adamiani, romlebsac eklesiaSi patronobdnen, umsubuqebdnen moaxloebuli sikvdilis gancdebs.
erekles TxovniT, misi Svili, iulon batoniSvili kaTolike misionerebs aucriaT yvavilze. albaT, es iyo pirveli acra saqarTveloSi. aqve davsZenT, rom aWaraSi yvavilze pirveli acra Cautarebia qedis mazris sofeli Zenwmanis mcxovrebs, qarTuli presis SesaniSnav korespondents, ilia WavWavaZis mier mravaljer Seqebul patriot mamuliSvils abdul efendi miqelaZes. yvavilis acra mas stambolSi uswavlia. uangarod crida mezoblebs, riTac mravali sicocxle gadaurCenia.
abdul miqelaZis Rvawli Seiswavla da masalebi gamoaqveyna aw gardacvlilma eqimma, sazogado da saxelmwifo moRvawem, berma andriam (profesorma ramaz surmaniZem). madloba – mas!
Savi WiriT gardacvlilTa gvamebs infeqciis gadadebis SiSiT zogjer axlos ar ekarebodnen, gaurbodnen, araiSviaTad sacxovrebel adgilsac icvlidnen. evropaSi saxls, sadac Savi WiriT avadmyofebi cxovrobdnen, garedan amoqolavdnen. am barbarosul wess saxlSi mcxovrebi janmrTelebic ewirebodnen.
saqarTveloSi, Cvens saTayvanebel xevsureTSi (SatilSi) saocari tradicia iyo: epidemiis periodSi specialurad agebndnen akldamebs, sadac Savi WiriT daavadebuli adamianebi nebayoflobiT saxldebodnen TviTizolaciis mizniT, sxvebisTvis rom ar gadaedoT saSiSi seni. ase iqceoda yvela daavadebuli. roca akldama gaivseboda, misi binadrebi kedlebs Signidan amoqolavdnen… namdvilad saocari magaliTia!
aRwerilia da Cvenamde moaRwia cnobam 1840 wels saqarTveloSi qoleris mrisxane epidemiis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, romelsac ramdenime dReSi ojaxebi da gvarebi mTlianad amouwyvetia. morigi epidemia 1919 wels dafiqsirebula. igi TbilisSi Semoitanes ucxoelebma, aqedan swrafad gavrcelda regionebSic. qoleris epidemiis ZiriTadi mizezi mainc mtkvris wylis sasmelad gamoyeneba yofila.
ufros Taobas unda axsovdes gasuli (me-20) saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi qoleris epidemiasTan dakavSirebuli peripetiebi. maSinac dawesda SezRudvebi, axlandeli koronavirusis sawinaaRmdego analogiuri RonisZiebebis Sedegad mokle droSi moxerxda epidemiis likvidacia. mowodebis simaRleze, gonivrulad da efeqturad iSroma xelisuflebam da jandacvis sistemam. epidsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebs xelmZRvanelobda cnobili sazogado moRvawe, infeqcionisti da mikrobiologi, pro-fesori vaxtang boWoriSvili.
Cvens epoqaSi, damoukidebel saqarTveloSic ar mogvklebia saSiSi infeqciebis susxi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg masSi Semaval saxelmwifoebSi qaosi sufevda, moSlili iyo saxalxo meurneobis yvela sfero, sazogadoebrivi wesrigi, jandacva, medicina. sarfis karis gaxsnam ganapiroba postsabWoTa qveynebis mosaxleobis TurqeTSi savaWrod gamgzavrebis didi interesi. sabaJos teritoria da TviT qalaqi baTumic ki ver itevda mozRvavebul xalxs. adamianebis mWidro TavSeyra, qaosi infeqciur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebia. amas daemata adamianTa am Wrel masaSi imunitetis daqveiTeba. sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis bolo wlebSi moSlili iyo warsulSi naqebi imunizaciis sistema – TiTqmis ar tardeboda savaldebulo acrebi.
calkeul infeqciur sneulebaTa mimarT imunitetis ararseboba, SimSili, sicive, sibinZure da qaosi, adamianTa uwesrigo Tavmoyra, elementaruli higienuri wesebis daucveloba gaxda sxvadasxva infeqciuri daavadebis gavrcelebis mizezi, maT Soris, aWaris mosaxleobaSic. saSiSma gadamdebma daavadebam – difteriam aWaraSi epidemiis saxe miiRo. mdgomareobas arTulebda isic, rom ar gagvaCnda asacreli masala. qveynisTvis am mZime dReebSi daxmarebis xeli gamogviwoda gaeros bavSvTa fondma – ,,iunesefma~ – ufasod mogvawoda difteriis sawinaaRmdego Sratis sakmarisi raodenoba da moavlina konsultanti, `iunisefis~ oficeri, filosofiisa da medicinis doqtori din ekerbergi. aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis meTaurma imunizaciis da difteriis likvidaciis globalur sakiTxebze moiwvia TaTbiri, romelsac eswrebodnen din ekerbergi da maSindeli jandacvis ministri akaki beriZe. TaTbiris dasasrul batonma aslan abaSiZem iqve ukarnaxa difteriis salikvidacio RonisZiebaTa gegma-programa. programaSi gawerili iyo acrebisa da sxva RonisZiebaTa detaluri gegma, gaangariSebuli aWaris mTliani mosaxleobis samjeradi acrisTvis. imunizaciis periodSi yvela raionSi mobilizebuli iyo msubuqi avtomobilebi, meddebi, eqimebi, mZRolebi, romlebsac daeniSnaT xuTmagi xelfasi. gaTvaliswinebuli iyo yvela niuansi. programa didi ZalisxmeviT, warmatebiT Sesrulda da mokle vadaSi difteriis arc erTi SemTxveva ar dafiqsirebula.
2 Tvis Semdeg Cvenma kuratorma, din ekenbergma `iunisefis~ biuletenSi gaavrcela informacia, rom aWaraSi difteriis epidemiis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi Catarda gaazrebulad, mosaxleoba 3-jeradad aicra. imunizaciis damTavrebis Semdeg difteriis SemTxvevebi ar dafiqsirebula. din ekenbergma mouwoda saxelmwifoebs, saSiS infeqciebTan brZola ganaxorcielon aWaris programiT, romelic samagaliToa.
warsulSi saSiSi infeqciebis epidemiebs icnobdnen da maT marTvas axerxebdnen qarTveli eqimebi, saxalxo mkurnalebi. isini flobdnen am dargSi dagrovebul codnas, medeaseuli mkurnalobis meTodebs, icnobdnen hipokrates, galenis, avicenas da sxvaTa Sromebs. infeqciur sneulebaTa prevenciis, klinikisa da mkurnalobis sakiTxebi kargadaa gaSuqebuli qarTul originalur da naTargmn samedicino karabadinebSi – ,,wigni saaqimoi~, ,,usworo karabadini~, ,,iadigar daudi~ da sxva. maTSi Savi Wiri zogjer moixseneba ,,havis Jamis’~, `havis senis~ saxelwodebiT.
qarTul karabadinebSi sruladaa warmodgenili Zveli aRmosavleTis swavlulTa codna samkurnalo sferoSi. es codna ZiriTadad vrceldeboda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ,,abreSumis gziT~. gansakuTrebuli roli samedicino da sxva kulturis gavrcelebis saqmeSi arabebs ekuTvniT. evropelTa mier daviwyebuli antikuri xanis filosofiuri memkvidreoba maT arabul enaze Targmnes da msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gaavrceles. saqarTveloSic samedicino mecniereba drois Sesaferisad viTardeboda. medeas periodis samedicino traqtatebi, ,,kura medianas~ moZRvreba mravali saukunis Semdegac aRwevda mSobliuri qveynis regionebs, ixveweboda, viTardeboda da ,,abreSumis gziT~ sxva qveynebSi vrceldeboda. aseve iTargmneboda sxva qveynis traqtatebi.
basianis brZolaSi gamarjvebiT qarTvelma jarma didi nadavli Caigdo xelSi. dovlaTSi uZvirfasesi ganZi – arabul enaze dawerili samedicino traqtatic aRmoCnda. mwignobarTuxucesma Wyondidelma antonma wigni saswrafod gadaTargmna qarTulad da daarqva ,,wigni saaqimoi~. am karabadinebze swavlobda da izrdeboda qarTvel eqimTa Taobebi.
aWaraSi TurqTa 300-wliani batonobis Semdegac xalxSi Semonaxula samedicino codna, romelsac saxalxo mkurnalebi, eqimebi da mosaxleobis sakmao nawili kargad icnobda. aWaris mTianeTSi, qalbatoni fembas ojaxSi profesorma ramaz surmaniZem aRmoaCina qarTuli karabadinis aWaruli varianti, romelsac ,,fembaseuli karabadini~ uwoda.
gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciebis epidemia-pandemiebma gaanadgura saxelmwifoebi, mTlianad mospo erebi. damRupvelia am dros SiSi, eWvi, panika, undobloba. saqarTvelos gadarCenaSi sxva faqtorebTan erTad, mosaxleobaSi dagrovil samedicino codnasac mniSvnelovani roli (xalxur medicinasac) miuZRvis, gadamwyvetia mainc moTmineba, erTmaneTis siyvaruli, dajereba, situaciis Sesabamisi gonivruli rekomendaciebis aucilebeli Sesruleba.
eris warsulis, kulturis sazomad xalxuri medicinis ganviTarebis donec SeiZleba gamodges.
nargiz beriZe,
medicinis doqtori,
infeqcionisti, Sidsis departamentis xelmZRvaneli
akaki beriZe,
profesori, aWaris eqimTa
gaerTianebuli sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare
