ქართული პოეზიის ფიროსმანი
ase uwodeben dRes poet niko samadaSvils. igi 1905 wlis 19 ivliss sofel xidisTavSi (goris maxloblad) daibada mixeil samadaSvilisa da olRa koberiZis ojaxSi. mSoblebis pirveli Svili iyo. ori wlis Semdeg daibada nikos da elene, azerbaijanSi, qalaq aldamSi, sadac mSoblebi cxovrobdnen.
sami wlisac ar iyo niko, roca mama gardaecvala. deda azerbaijanSi wavida da xelmeored gaTxovda, patara niko ki bebiis amara darCa xidisTavSi. ase rom, bavSvobisas mSoblebs danatrebuli izrdeboda. deda mas azerbaijanidan mxolod 1932 wels Camouyvania da gverdidan ar mouSorebia. aq qalbaton olRas wlebis ganmavlobaSi sabavSvo baRSi aRmzrdelad umuSavia. aqedan moyolebuli niko Tavs bednierad grZnobdao, igonebs misi qaliSvili mzia.
Svidi wlis niko bebias goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi miubarebia, romlis damTavrebis Semdeg nikos swavla goris vaJTa gimnaziaSi gaugrZelebia. Semdeg es gimnazia humanitarul teqnikumad gadakeTebula, romelic nikom 1924 wels daamTavra.
gimnaziaSi nikos germanul enas aswavlida erekle tatiSvili, romelsac ganaTleba laipcigis, parizisa da edinburgis universitetebSi hqonda miRebuli da ramdenime evropul enas flobda. mis Sesaxeb niko wers: es iyo kaci, `romelsac daserili hqonda mTeli evropa stambolidan londonamde, berlinidan – neapolamde; kaci, romelic mowiwebiT ismenda filosofos vundtis, socialist Joresis, anarqist bakuninis da pirquS osval Sprengelis metyvelebas~.
erekle tatiSvili mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi zrunavda da meTvalyureobda niWier Segirds, amitom nikos igi usazRvrod uyvarda da did pativs scemda. poeti Tamaz Cxenkeli wers: `Cveni megobrobis gnmavlobaSi me ar maxsovs arc erTi Sexvedra Rvinismieri Tu uRvino, rom mas gulisSemZvreli siyvaruliTa da TayvaniscemiT ar moegonebinos am kacis saxeli~.
gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg nikom swavla Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze ganagrZo, sadac misi leqtorebi iyvnen mecnierebis korifeebi ivane javaxiSvili, Salva nucubiZe, korneli kekeliZe, giorgi axvlediani, vaxtang kotetiSvili da sxvebi. niko mondomebiT Seudga universitetSi swavlas, magram usaxsrobisa da SimSilobis gamo zogierTi sagani droulad ver Caabara da 1928 wels mesame kursidan garicxes, Semdeg ki ar aRadgines.
amis Semdeg nikom Tbilisi datova da borjomis raionis sofel sadgerSi, dawyebiT skolaSi daiwyo pedagogad muSaoba, sadac igi yvela sagans aswavlida. man aqve Camoayaliba mozrdilTa saRamos skola da saskolo asaks gadacilebulebs usasyidlod aswavlida wera-kiTxvas. igi speqtaklebsac dgamda soflis mSromeli mosaxleobisTvis, msaxiobebi ki TviT soflis mkvidrni iyvnen.
1929 wels niko isev TbilisSi dabrunda da specialuri kursebis gavlis Semdeg, 1931 wels, buRalter-revizorad daiwyo muSaoba. misi qaliSvilis, mzia samadaSvilis gadmocemiT, igi samuSaos samuSaoze icvlida, raTa Tavisi didi ojaxi erCina.
leqsebis wera nikos 12 wlis asakidan dauwyia. TbilisSi gadasvlamde mas Tavisi leqsebi naTesavi qalisTvis gadaucia Sesanaxad, magram am ukanasknels misi leqsebi mTlianad gaunadgurebia. miuxedavad amisa, rogorc qalbatoni mzia wers, mamas mis SvilebTan Tbili urTierToba hqonia.
1930 wels nikom colad SeirTo ulamazesi berZeni qali eva Cakalidi, magram es qorwineba mxolod ramdenime Tves gagrZelda, radgan, mzias gadmocemiT, `evam mamis saxlidan fexi ar moicvala da fexmZimeobac xelovnurad Seiwyvita~, nikom ki Cakalidebis ojaxSi CasiZeba ar isurva.
1936 wels nikom meored iqorwina sofel sadgeris mkvidr, 15 wlis mariam amanaTaSvilze. es qorwineba nikosTvis bednieri aRmoCnda. mariamTan mas sami Svili SeeZina _ Tamazi, mzia da nugzari. gansakuTrebiT yvarebia umcrosi vaJi nugzari, romelsac xSirad anebivrebdao, igonebs mzia samadaSvili mamaze daweril Tavis mogonebebSi. misi gadmocemiT, niko mTeli Tavisi arsebiT ver egueboda komunistur reJims. amitom igi 1943 wlis 12 ianvars daapatimres, imave wlis 28 agvistos gaasamarTles rogorc sazogadoebisTvis saSiSi pirovneba da xuTi wlis patimroba miusajes.
patimrobidan igi omis Semdeg, naadrevad gaaTavisufles, magram misi cxovreba Zalze mZimed warimarTa. gamudmebiT ganicdida umuSevrobas, Seviwroebas, ufulobasa da materialur siduxWires. Tavis oblobas, pirvel uiRblo siyvaruls da gacruebul imedebs igi gamudmebiT dastiroda da RvinoSi axrCobda.
miuxedavad amisa, TanamedroveTa gadmocemiT, igi mudam saqarTvelos keTildReobaze fiqrobda da arasodes wuwunebda, iyo raindi, gautexeli da amayi sulis pirovneba. misi meuRlis, mariamis gadmocemiT, `niko… ise wavida am qveynidan, Tavi aravis winaSe ar dauxria. swamda, rom Tavisi eri daafasebda. xSirad icoda xolme Tqma: `me Cemi eri qvesknelidan amomiyvanso~.
1945 wlidan gardacvalebamde, niko ojaxTan erTad TbilisSi, zemelze, ekaterine gabaSvilis q. #14 saxlSi cxovrobda. 1947 wels igi meored daapatimres. sapatimroSi man TiTqmis erTi weli dahyo.
ganuwyvetelma devnam, samsaxuridan araerTxel usamarTlod daTxovnam mas janmrTeloba Seuryia da 1963 wlis 1 maiss, 58 wlis asakSi, gulis SeteviT gardaicvala. dakrZalulia TbilisSi, saburTalos sasaflaoze.
niko samadaSvili iyo tragikuli bedis poeti, romelmac, araerTi mcdelobis miuxedavad, sicocxleSi verc erTi leqsis gamoqveyneba ver SeZlo, maSin, roca mas gansakuTrebul poetad aRiarebdnen vaxtang kotetiSvili, erekle tatiSvili, geronti qiqoZe da galaktion tabiZec ki. mis xelnawer leqsebs ecnobodnen da afasebdnen pavle ingoroyva, arCil sulakauri, Tamaz Cxenkeli da sxvebi.
1955 wels, nikos leqsebis gacnobis Semdeg, galaktions dauweria: `davrwmundi me Tqvens siZliereSi; momavlisaken! win! ieriSi!~.
akademikosi guram xaratiSvili igonebs: `erTi `tlu~ biWi iyo xidisTaveli niko, romelmac, dabrZenebulma, Tavisi ciT monaberi niWiT qarTuli poeziis sveticxoveli Seazanzara~.
niko samadaSvilis Semoqmedebas, wers mzia samadaSvili, Tamaz Cxenkelma upatrona, Semdeg da Semdeg sxvebmac gamoiRes xeli da dRes niko samadaSvili me-20 saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis sruluflebiani da gamorCeuli wevria. es moxda mxolod misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, kerZod, 1973 wels gamoica misi leqsebis pirveli krebuli `beTania~. 1975 wlis maisSi Jurnal `oqros sawmisSi~ ki, romelsac zviad gamsaxurdia redaqtorobda, pirvel da meore nomrebSi daibeWda poetis 10 leqsi. gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gamoica ori krebuli (`Sexvedrebi da sinanuli~, `wuTisoflidan ukvdavebamde~). misi moTxrobebis pirveli krebuli gamoqveynda 1989 wels. 2004 wels literaturis muzeumma iza orjonikiZis redaqtorobiT gamosca poetis yvelaze sruli krebuli, sadac Setanilia leqsebi, prozauli nawarmoebebi, variantebi, piradi mimowera da mogonebebi. amJamad gamocemulia niko samadaSvilis erTi prozauli da sami leqsebis krebuli.
mravalsaukunovani qarTuli poeziis Cvidmettomeulis meTxuTmete tomSi niko samadaSvili warmoCenilia samocdaerTi leqsiT, riTac, arCil sulakauris azriT, niko samadaSvils `damkvidrebuli aqvs Tavisi adgili qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebis did gzaze~.
1973 wlis 27 oqtombers qalaq goris centraluri saqalaqo biblioTekis samkiTxvelo darbazSi gaimarTa niko samadaSvilis xsovnis saRamo, romelsac uZRveboda vaxuSti kotetiSvili, xolo 2015 wlis 25 seqtembers saqarTvelos mweralTa saxlSi Catarda niko samadaSvilis dabadebis 110 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saRamo deviziT: `ver daviwyebuli didi poeti~.
1993 wels borjomis raionis sofel sadgeris dawyebiT skolas mieniWa niko samadaSvilis saxeli.
rogorc poeti, n. samadaSvili misma maswavlebelma erekle tatiSvilma aRmoaCina. igi nikos Sesaxeb werda: `niko samadaSvili aris didi poeti ara marto saqarTvelos masStabiT, aramed is aris evropuli stilis didi poeti~. miuxedavad amisa, igi nikos leqsebis gamoqveynebas ar urCevda, `Sen rom leqsebi gamoaqveyno, amqveynidan aRigvebio~.
nikos leqsebis gamoqveynebas ar urCevda galaktion tabiZec, romelic sakmaod maRal Sefasebas aZlevda mis Semoqmedebas. nikos qaliSvili mzia igonebs: `Svidiode wlisa viqnebodi, mamam saseirnod wamiyvana. rusTavelis gamzirze igi warmosadeg, wverebian mamakacs miesalma, romelmac Tbilad upasuxa, me ki Tavze xeli gadamisva da gamicina. Semdeg moulodnelad, prospeqtze mimaval xalxs miubrunda, xeli mamisken gaiSvira da mWeqare xmiT SesZaxa: _ gaicaniT, es aris didi poeti saqarTvelosi! mamas saxeze almurma gadahkra. es kaci galaktioni iyo~.
Tamaz CxenkelTan erTad, niko samadaSvilis Semoqmedeba farTo mkiTxvelamde miitana arCil sulakaurmac. es ukanaskneli igonebs: `niko samadaSvilis leqsebi ubiT damqonda, zogi ukve zepirad vicodi. vukiTxavdi nacnob poetebs, vukiTxavdi arapoetebsac, ubralod – poeziis moyvarulebs da yvelani SeTqmulebiviT gulgrilad momCerebodnen, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, daeWvebulni iRimebodnen, arc iseTi leqsebia, Sen rom ggoniao. zogi riTmas uwunebda, zogi – versifikacias, zogi – ras da zogi – ras. zogjer eWvic ki Semparvia Cems Tavsa da Cemi megobrebis codnasa da gemovnebaSi~.
zurab kiknaZe, romelsac mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis niko samadaSvilis Semoqmedebis kvlevaSi, wers:
`mravalferovani qarTuli poeziis xomls niko samadaSvilis xmac uerTdeba, _ tragikuli, magram mudam sinaTlisaken gamyivari Zaxili~.
keTili da saTuTi gulis mqone poeti bevr daumsaxurebel kritikasa da mis mimarT Cadenil siborotes iTmenda. rogorc mzia samadaSvili wers, man upasuxod datova erT-erTi cnobili kritikosis werili, romelSic igi ambobda: `niko samadaSvils poezia avadmyofoba hgonia da, mkiTxvelo, Sen gansaje, aseT adamians ra moekiTxeba~.
sakuTari Tavisadmi miZRvnil erT-erT leqsSi niko wers:
`Sen gadarebdnen bindebis WriWins,
Tumca sul mudam tots gcemda qari,
avadmyofoba egonaT, biWo,
leqsebi – tanze gamonayari~.
profesor zurab kiknaZis azriT, niko samadaSvili gamorCeuli iyo ara mxolod niWierebiT, aramed ukompromisobiTac, ris gamoc is araTu ar miiRes, saerTod poetadac ki ar Tvlidnen. mis poetobas mxolod kolegebis viwro wre da ramdenime megobari aRiarebda.
am usamarTlobam da tragikulma bedma mouspo mas naadrevad sicocxle.
arCil sulakauri gardacvalebamde erTi dRiT adre Sexvedria nikos rusTavelis moedanze. Sexvedra `gemoSi~ gagrZelebula. damSvidobebisas nikos misTvis uTqvams: `sul mindoda, kacurad mecxovra, TiTqos vicxovre, kacurad gaviare cxovrebis gza, magram. . . ra aris, ici? erTi dRe ar maxsovs iseTi, Tavi rom adamianad megrZno . . . miTxari, SeiZleba, kacma samoci weli icxovros qveyanaze da erTxel mainc ver igrZnos, rom is adamiania?! am qaosidan ver gavedi, vera da ver gavedi. . .~.
niko samadaSvilis bevri leqsi misi sulis aRsarebaa. erT-erT avtobiografiul leqsSi igi wers:
`dafleTil sxeuls, daRalul
fiqrebs,
axsovdaT mxolod sicocxle mkvdari.
sadRac eSovnaT kubo jibgirebs
da moeweraT zed Cemi gvari!~.
cxovrebiT ganawamebi poeti Tavis saqmianobas – leqsebis weras zogjer `jRabnas~ uwodebs da dasZens:
`leqsebis jRabna wamebad geqca,
sjobda, venaxis kvali gebara,
vis rad undoda es TvalTmaqcoba,
netavi qarSi gadageyara~.
niko samadaSvilsa da mis ojaxs Zlivs gahqonda Tavi. miuxedavad amisa, igi yovelTvis sxvisi Semwe da Wirisufali yofila. vaxuSti kotetiSvili igonebs:
`niko samadaSvili orjer SemoiWra Cems arsebaSi. . .
pirvelad es moxda omianobis dros. eqvsiode wlis viqnebodi. zamTris civi da naRvliani saRamo iyo. oTaxSi Cveulebriv xrColavda navTqura, romelic Suqis wyarosac warmoadgenda da Rumlis magivrobasac gviwevda. navTquraze, meti siTbosaTvis, aguri ido. uecrad CvenTan Semoiqrola viRac kacma da erTbaSad xmauriT aavso Cveni mdumare da nakluli ojaxi. imedianad moikiTxa Cvenebi, me xelSi amiyvana, makoca, rixianad mkiTxa: xom gaxsovs, visi gorisaca xaro, Camomsva, kvlav raRac sanugeSo sityvebi gvesrola da gauCinarda. mxolod misi wasvlis Semdeg SevniSneT magidaze erTi didi, mTeli puri. . . es iyo puri, romelic yovelTvis gvaklda. me vikiTxe: vin iyo-meTqi. miTxres, mamis yofili studenti da megobari, Zia niko samadaSvilio. im dRis Semdeg CemTvis `Zia niko~ iyo is kaci, romelsac drodadro CvenTvis mohqonda puri (aravin icoda – saidan). . .
es iyo da es, TiTqos araferi. magram Tu gavixsenebT im umZimes wlebs, rodesac yvelas uWirda, es, erTi SexedviT, Cveulebrivi, adamianuri saqcieli zneobriv gmirobad warmogvidgeba.
aseTi kaci iyo niko samadaSvili, aseTi gavicani igi me, eqvsi wlis bavSvma da aseTad darCa samudamod Cems xsovnaSi~.
nodar basilaZe
