,,თოლია” – ჩეხოვისეული სატირითა და წიაღსვლებით
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anton Cexovi is avtoria, romelsac kidev uTvalavjer miakiTxaven reJisorebi, am amouwuravi saTqmelis mqone mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi Znelia, ar naxo is, rac gainteresebs, rac dResac aqtualuria da kidev didxans iqneba
vfiqrob, baTumeli mayureblisTvis loqdaunebis monotonuri dReebis Semdeg erTgvari siurprizia rusi klasikosis piesis `Tolia~ andro enuqiZiseuli interpretaciis naxva. mogexsenebaT, baTumis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis saxelmwifo profesiuli dramatuli Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanelma ukve migvaCvia klasikuri tiloebis gacocxlebas, mniSvnelovani da monoliTuri saTqmelis Taviseburad Tqmas. amis dasturia araerTi speqtakli, romelic man am scenaze dadga (daviT kldiaSvilis, uiliam Seqspiris da sxvaTa nawarmoebebis mixedviT) met-naklebad warmatebulad, Tumca yovel maTganSi igrZnoboda reJisoris CaRrmaveba avtoriseul samyaroSi, misi mravalSrianobis Cveneba da gaTanamedroveba, rogorc paralelebis gavlebiT Cvens drosTan, aseve gamosaxvis axali xerxebis ZiebiT. amjeradac, 20-21-22 maiss baTumis ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo dramatuli profesiuli Teatris scenaze `Tolias~ miseul gasceniurebaSi vnaxeT reJisoris TvalTaxedvis prizmaSi gamotarebuli Cexoviseuli ironiul-satiruli dakvirveba adamianTa sisusteebze. swored es sisusteebi qmnis im realobas, romelic agrerigad ar moswonT arc Tavad personaJebs da bunebrivia, arc mayurebels. mayurebeli am saTqmelis gamoxatvaSi sworedac rom Seiamxanaga batonma androm, roca parteris nawili scenis erT kuTxeSi Seacura cocxali mayurebliTurT. cocxals xazs imitom vusvam, rom scenis meore (Sida) kuTxeSi ganTavsebul skamebsa Tu loJebSi manekenebiT gansxeulebuli mayureblebi isxdnen da mdumared avlebdnen konturs reJisoris TvaliT danaxul im realobas, romlis paralelur samyarod SeiZleba swored Cveni yofa aRviqvaT. Tumca aq sxva `mayurebelic~ imyofeboda – Tavad msaxiobebi, piesis gmirebi, romlebic personaJ treplevis piesis misive, warumatebel, dadgmas uyurebdnen, diax, speqtaklis scenografia (kote furcelaZe) siuJeturi da ideuri xazis ganviTarebisTvis sakmaod xelsayrel da lamaz garemos qmnis.
reJisorma andro enuqiZem warmodgena, rogorc Cvevia, ara marto uCveulod mowyobil sivrceSi, aramed Sinaarsobrivadac mciredi saxecvlilebiT daiwyo da daamTavra. man `pirveli sityva~ – warmodgenis dawyebis, mayurebelTa darbazidan scenaze pirvelad asvlisa da finalis pativic Tavad anton Cexovis personaJs mianiWa, riTac erTgvarad gazarda misi saTqmelis mniSvneloba. marTalia, speqtaklis programaSi am personaJs, ubralod, ucnauri kaci hqvia, magram igi garegnulad, grimiT Zalian hgavs swored piesis avtors, romlis rolic vizualiTac da xasiaTiTac SesaniSnavad moirgo msaxiobma kaxa kobalaZem. misi gmiri lamis utyvia, mxolod ramdenime sityvas ambobs, Tumca sakmaod tevads – speqtaklis dasawyissa da boloSi, SualedSi ki parteridan sxvebTan erTad uyurebs speqtakls, akvirdeba ganviTarebul movlenebs. amgvarad andro enuqiZem Cexovis isedac mdidar simbolikas kidev erTi daumata – Teatrisa da cxovrebis sarkiseburi erTianobis (TeatrSi airekleba cxovreba da piriqiTac) simbolo – mayurebeli da personaJi erT sxeulSi.
andro enuqiZem moxerxebulad gamoiyena piesis dasawyisSi treplevis speqtaklis Cvenebis mcdeloba Teatrisa da mayureblis dasaaxloeblad, riTac, vfiqrob, kidev erTxel gausva xazi am garemoebis aucileblobas. igi agreTve, SesaniSnavad Cawvda Cexoviseul damokidebulebas Tavisi personaJebisadmi, mogexsenebaT didi mwerali Tavis amgvar nawarmoebebs komediad Tvlida. reJisorma Zalian bevri winamorbedisgan, maT Soris Cexovis Tanamemamuleebisgan gansxvavebiT, speqtakls swored satirul-iumoristuli datvirTva misca. baTumuri speqtaklis personaJebs groteskis daRi aziT, rasac `Tolias~ bevr sxva variantSi ver naxavT.
am piesas umetesad, dramatul-tragikul ferebSi gvTavazoben, masSi ganviTarebuli sruliad arasasacilo movlenebis gamo, magram Cexovi am movlenebs sul sxva TvaliT uyurebs. igi dascinis adamianebs, romlebsac araferi SeuZliaT iRonon sakuTari bedis Sesaqmnelad, ar ibrZvian imisTvis, rac surT. aseTi adamianebi – speqtakl `ToliaSi~ mxolod dastirian TavianT xvedrs, zogi – ekonomikur siduxWires (medvedenko), zogi – uiRblo siyvaruls (treplevi, maSa), zogi – arSemdgar karieras (eqimi dorni), zogic – ganuxorcielebel ocnebebs (sorini), trigorinic ki, romelic TiTqos arafers unda uCiodes, radgan warmatebulia karieraSica da siyvarulSic, mainc araa bednieri, radgan Sinaganad sul sxvagvari cxovreba itacebs. baTumur interpretaciaSi es personaJebi, rogorc ukve vTqviT, mkveTrad gamoxatuli xasiaTebiT gamoirCevian. speqtaklSi am xasiaTis mkafiod da damajereblad daxatviT pirvel adgilze maia cecxlaZea. misi irina arkadina kekluci, eqscentrikulic ki da gamomwvevia, aseve agresiulic da arakeTilmosurnec potenciuri konkurentisadmi (nina zareCnaia). . . sruliad gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom gamorCeulia am rolis sxva, sakmaod titulovan SemsrulebelTa Sorisac (maT Soris SemiZlia didi ala demidovac davasaxelo). maia cecxlaZis arkadinas xazgasmuli adamianuri sisusteebi, komikuroba ara marto ar arbilebs saTqmels, aramed amZafrebs kidec, Tumca misi gmiri Sorsaa sworxazovnebisgan, anu mis mimarT ar Cndeba erTmniSvnelovnad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba. igi sibereSeparuli qalia msaxioburi didebis pikze, saidanac TavdaRmarTi iwyeba da mTeli ZaliT cdilobs am mdgomareobaSi yofnis gaxangrZlivebas, yvelafer danarCens ki meorexarisxovnad Tvlis, maT Soris sakuTari vaJisadmi (treplevi) dedobriv siyvarulsac, diax, uyvars Svili da guliT atarebs mis ubedobasac, Tumca sakuTari gza ufro mniSvnelovnad miaCnia. vfiqrob, es roli am msaxiobis SemoqmedebaSi erT-erTi yvelaze kaSkaSa da dasamaxsovrebelia, romelSic Tavsdeba siRrmec da groteskic, Cexoviseuli filigranulobac da komikurobac.
speqtaklSi erT-erT gamorCeulad dasamaxsovrebel saxes qmnis msaxiobi zaal goguaZe. misi gmiri – sorini (arkadinas Zma), romlis saxlSic cxovrobs nina zareCnaiaze Seyvarebuli diswuli treplevi, sakmaod keTili adamiania, romelic qalaqSi damkvidrebaze ocnebobda, Tumca sibereSi mainc soflis arcTu ise mdidar mamulSi cxovreba arguna bedma. igi uSedegod cdilobs das daanaxos, raoden da ratomaa ubeduri misi vaJiSvili treplevi, daarwmunos misi daxmarebis aucileblobaSi, Tumca amaod. zaal goguaZis mier Seqmnil saxeSi ikiTxeba beds mindobili moxuci kacis samduravi. igi damajereblad xatavs Warmag adamians, xmac, siarulis manerac da gamometyvelebac msaxiobis gardasaxvis SesaniSnavi magaliaTia.
baTumelebisTvis ukve kargad nacnobi msaxiobi mamuka manjgalaZisTvis rogorc msaxiobis ganviTarebisTvis zedgamoWrilia treplevis roli. man kargad moirgo uxerxemlo, ususuri adamianis saxe, romelsac niWisa da garkveuli warmatebis miuxedavad, ar SeuZlia sakuTari cxovreba ukeTesisken Secvalos. simboluria, rom swored treplevi klavs Tolias – Tavisufali sulis gansaxierebas. am adamians ideuradac ki samyaros dasasruli da landebi utrialebs warmosaxvaSi, gasaqanisTvis dedis finansebisken uWiravs Tvali da mis warmatebas sakuTari marcxebis mizezad Tvlis. dauokebel siyvarulSic ki veraa Seupovari da Zalebis mokrebisa da axali siyvarulis Ziebis nacvlad gamosavals TviTmkvlelobaSi poulobs.
cxadia, Cexoviseuli gmirebis amara darCenili samyaro maleve Sewyvetda arsebobas. kidev erTi `uiRblo~ speqtaklidan nina zareCnaia gaxlavT, romlis rolsac axalgazrda msaxiobi ano zuraSvili asrulebs. igi cdilobs dagvixatos sufTa, meocnebe gogonas saxe, romelsac saxeli, samsaxiobo asparezze aRiareba swyuria da amisTvis bevri ramis dasaTmobadaa mzad. ugonodaa Seyvarebuli tregorinze, romlisTvisac treplevi daiviwya. speqtaklis pirvelive moqmedebaSi Cans, rom es siyvarulic da ocnebac ganwirulia, radgan nina zareCnaia aqedanve adarebs Tavs trepelevis mier moklul Tolias da marTlac, misi ocnebebi, Tavisufali suli kvdeba. nina zareCnaia erTaderTia, romelic cotaTi mainc Seicvala (igi aRaraa sufTa da umanko), magram speqtaklSi nagulisxmevi 2 weliwadis Semdeg. man SeinarCuna ukeTesobisken svlis (karieraSi) survili, Tumca ucvleli da mounelebelia misi calmxrivi vneba trigorinisadmi. ano zuraSvili axerxebs imedgacruebuli (siyvarulSic da karieraSic) qalis saxis daxatvas.
cxadia, premieris pirvel dResve Cexoviseuli gmirebis uzadod TamaSi Zalian rTulia. speqtaklis gaTamaSebis Semdeg, vfiqrob, maTi saxeebi daixveweba da axal ferebsa da plastebs SeiZens, Tumca aqedanve Cans, rom daviT jayelis mier Seqmnili roli Semdgaria. misi trigorini momxiblavi, niWieri, warmatebuli, magram daRlili da erTgvarad dabneulic kia. sakuTar karieras da keTildReobas adevnebuli sakmaod iolad samarTavia, riTac SesaniSnavad sargeblobs kidec irina arkadina, anu Tavisufali suli aqac daTrgunulia – igi garemoebaTa da sakuTari karieris tyvea, romelSic srulebiTac ar aris bednieri. daviT jayelis saxe cocxali da damajerebelia, masSi naTlad ikiTxeba, egoizmiT savse adamianis ganwiruleba sulieri martoobisTvis, siyvarulis uunaroba da amis gamo erTgvari sasowarkveTilebac, rasac Tevzaobis dros gancdili simSvidiT, bunebasTan SerwymiT ebrZvis.
anano iaSvilis maSac gansxvavdeba sxva `Tolias~ sxva scenur variantebSi Seqmnili analogiuri saxeebisgan. igi sakmaod Tamami da gamomwvevia, Tumca es Tvisebebi ver exmareba calmxriv siyvarulSi. marTalia, cdilobs am ubedurebas medvedenkoze gaTxovebiT da ojaxze zrunvis aucileblobiT gaeqces, magram ufro da ufro iZireba unugeSobasa da apaTiaSi.
groteskulia medvedenkos saxec, romlis rolsac laSa konceliZe asrulebs. igi mokrZalebuli, Raribi maswavlebelia da mTlianad emoneba Tavis gansxeulebul siyvaruls – maSas. misi moZraobebic, gamometyvelebac, manerebi, mTlianad garegnoba dabeCavebuli kacis gamoxatulebaa, anu aq erTi SexedvisTanave vxedavT xasiaTs, romelic aseTivea mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi.
gansxvavebuli da dasamaxsovrebelia tite komaxiZis eqimi dornic, romlis garegnuli keTilSobilebis miRma imaleba erTgvari indiferentuloba, gulgriloba. didad arc polinas misdami gamovlenili siyvaruli aRelvebs, magram ise sargeblobs misiT, rogorc xidan alalbedze Camovardnili, dasalpobad ganwiruli xiliT.
speqtaklis saerTo qsovilSi TavianTi ferebi Seitanes zaza zoiZis xmaurianma Samraevma, qeTevan egutiZis sasowarkveTilma, magram sxvisi ubedurebisadmi gulgrilma polinam, mxiarulma da lamis yvelas aCrdilad qceulma iakobma.
reJisor andro enuqiZis mier SemoTavazebul scenur variantSi `Tolias~ yoveli gmiris xasiaTi erTi SexedvisTanave ikiTxeba da maTSi, upirveles yovlisa, Cans erTmaneTis sulis Secnobisadmi ugulisyuroba, egoizmi da martosuloba, paradoqsi – calmxrivi siyvaruliT datanjul am adamianebs namdvili siyvarulisa araferi gaegebaT, radgan sulis Tavisuflebis gareSe (uromlisobazec speqtaklSi mokluli Tolia migvaniSnebs) igi warmoudgenelia. albaT swored esaa maT mimarT Cexovis Seuwynarebeli satiruli damokidebulebis mizezic.
salome axalaZis fotoebi
