“საბოლოოდ, პრობლემების დაძლევის პასუხი პოლიტიკურ რესურსშია”
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saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi sakadro cvlilebebi xorcieldeba. amis Sesaxeb mTavrobis administraciaSi gamarTul brifingze premier-ministrma irakli RaribaSvilma ganacxada. misi TqmiT, cvlilebebi ekonomikur gunds exeba. kerZod, Tanamdebobas tovebs ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis ministri naTia Turnava. mis adgils garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis ministri levan daviTaSvili daikavebs. is vice-premieris posts SeinarCunebs. Tavis mxriv, daviTaSvilis yofil uwyebas oTar Samugia uxelmZRvanelebs, romelic daviTaSvilis moadgile iyo
premieris es gadawyvetileba qveyanaSi arsebul mZime ekonomikur-socialur fons ukavSirdeba. sxvadasxva mizezis da maT Soris, pandemiis gamo, daeca ekonomikuri maCveneblebi, imata inflaciam da umuSevrobam. saqarTvelos ekonomikis saministroSi ganacxades, rom arsebuli wliuri inflaciis maCvenebeli, 13.9% sarekordo ar aris. saministros ekonomikuri analizisa da reformebis departamentis ufrosis, vaxtang cincaZis TqmiT, 2011 wels inflacia 14.3% iyo. cincaZis gancxadebiT, inflacia globaluri gamowvevaa da msoflios qveynebSi rekorduli maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba. rogorc ekonomikis saministros analizis departamentis ufrosi ambobs, inflaciis miznobrivze maRal doneze SenarCunebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana saerTaSoriso sasursaTo bazrebze fasebis zrdam da navTobisa da navTobproduqtebis gaZvirebam. arsebuli prognozis mixedviT, gazafxulidan saqarTveloSi inflacia Semcirebas daiwyebs da 2022 wlis bolosTvis daubrundeba 3%-ian samizne niSnuls.
ucxour valutaSi konvertirebuli saerTaSoriso rezervebi erovnuli bankis ZiriTad rezervs warmoadgens da es nawili 3,6 mlrd aSS dolars Seadgens. mis struqturaSi Sedis saxsrebi, romlebic ganTavsebulia fasian qaRaldebSi – 2,5 mlrd dolari, da valuta, romelic inaxeba ucxouri bankebisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis (ssf) angariSebze – 1,3 mlrd dolari.
garda amisa, erovnuli bankis rezervebSi Sedis saxsrebi, romlebic ganTavsebulia SDR-Si (nasesxobis specialuri ufleba) – 483,8 mln dolari, xolo ssf-Si sarezervo pozicia 30,3 aTas dolars Seadgens. erovnuli banki saxsrebs oqros saxiT ar inaxavs. savaluto bazris dastabilurebis mizniT, 2020 wels erovnulma bankma 26 auqcioni gamarTa, ra drosac jamSi 873,2 milioni dolari gayida. 2021 wels erovnulma bankma cxra auqcionze 332,9 milioni dolari gayida.
am da sxva ekonomikur sakiTxebze interviu vTxoveT eqspert-ekonomist rati abulaZes.
– batono rati, ra qmnis qveynebs Soris ekonomikur uTanasworobas, ratom ver mivaRwieT mowinave qveynebis analogiur finansur keTildReobas?
– globalur samyaroSi, qveynebs Soris ekonomikur uTanasworobas ganapirobebs saxelmwifo institutebis muSaoba da siZliere, rac gamoixateba qveyanaSi arsebuli resursebis efeqtianad marTvaSi. kvlevebi adasturebs, rom qveynis ganviTarebas ganapirobebs saxelmwifo institutebis siZliere – politikuri da socialuri sistemebi, romlebic viTardeba mTavrobisa da xalxis urTierTqmedebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom swored Zlieri saxelmwifo institutebi qmnian `TamaSis wesebs~, romelic stimulirebs bazars, bizness, xalxs, inovacias. gansazRvravs warmoebisaTvis saWiro ekonomikur stimulebs, afarToebs saerTaSoriso vaWrobas, izidavs investiciebs da qmnis kapitaldagrovebis SesaZleblobebs, xelmisawvdoms xdis kapitalur resursebs, imedis momcemi politikiT stimulirebs sazogadoebis aqtivizacias.
– ra gviSlis xels am sqemis danergva-ganxorcielebaSi?
– qveynis ganviTarebis xelis SemSleli faqtorebidan aRsaniSnavia geografiuli, socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri faqtorebi (cudi marTva, politikuri arastabiluroba, korufcia). aseve, ganixileba ekonomikuri faqtorebi (sagareo valis momsaxurebaze gadaxdili Tanxebi akldeba proeqtebs), bunebrivi resursebis simcire da ekologiuri faqtorebi. aqedan, saqarTvelos mocemulobaSi, gamovyof ekonomikurs da politikurs. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos ukeTesi zrdis tempi aqvs, vidre mezobel qveynebs. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom Cven gacilebiT meti potenciali gvaqvs, vidre maT. amitom, Tu maTTvis konkretuli zrdis maCvenebeli didi miRwevaa, Cveni qveynisaTvis aseTi mocemuloba mxolod damakmayofileblad SeiZleba Sefasdes. amitom, aRniSnul statiaSi, ar movaxden uwyebebis mier warmodgenili STambeWdavi monacemebis tiraJirebas, radgan erTgvari disbalansia STambeWdav monacemsa da arsebul realobas Soris. qveyanaSi siRaribe jer kidev dauZlevelia.
– Tu SeiZleba es fraza dagvikonkreteT?
– elementarulia is, rom samsaxuris da fulis Sovnis SesaZleblobebis gareSe mosaxleoba siRaribisken mieqaneba. saqarTveloSi sakmarisi resursia, rom mosaxleobas hqondes cxovrebis sabaziso mdgomareoba da ojaxis aucilebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofileba SeZlos. Tumca, samwuxaro realoba cxadyofs, rom resursebTan wvdomis problemis gamo, ojaxebi siRaribes Tavs ver aRweven. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qveyanaSi siRaribe erTgvar sasjelad iqca. misi daZleva da simdidris Seqmna damokidebulia, erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo programebisa da proeqtebis ganxorcielebaze, meore mxriv, biznesis mier produqtisa da momsaxurebis Seqmnasa da vaWrobaze. vaWroba damokidebulia infrastruqturis arsebobaze. infrastruqturis Seqmnas ganapirobebs investiciebi, maTi mozidvis pirobebs ki qmnis saxelmwifo institutebi. jamSi, yovelive aRniSnulis mamoZravebelia politikuri da mmarTvelobiTi resursi. arsebuli mocemuloba legitimur kiTxvebs aCens: qveyanaSi ra uSlis xels Zlieri politikis Seqmnas? ratom gvaqvs siRaribe? ra aferxebs ekonomikis ganviTarebas? vis ar awyobs cvlilebebi? faqtia, rom pasuxebi unda veZeboT ara gare ZalebSi, aramed Sida politikaSi.
– premieri gvpirdeba winsvlas, Secvala ekonomikis ministric.
– mogexsenebaT, axali kadri ukeT muSaobs. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoebac, rom sazogadoebis mZime socialur-ekonomikur fons `politikuri Rirebuleba~ gaaCnia. rac xels uSlis yovelive axlis – axali politikuri Zalis formirebas. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom Zalian kargia, rodesac mosaxleobas sTavazoben axal proeqtebs da programebs, exmarebian axalgazrda ojaxebs sacxovreblis SeZenaSi. magram mainc Tvisobrivad axal mocemulobaze, axal ekonomikur procesebze unda vizrunoT, rac Zirfesvianad Secvlis qveynis adgils msoflio ekonomikaSi da srulad gamogvayenebinebs Cvens geopolitikur mdebareobas, romlis Rirebuleba TandaTan izrdeba Cveni evroatlantikeli partniorebis TvalSi. pandemiis Sedegad gaizarda finansuri zarali, ekonomikuri riskebi, siRaribe, socialuri arastabiluroba da ukmayofileba. daeca vaWroba da warmoeba. sazogadoebam Seamcira xarjva da gazarda fulis ekonomia. biznesma Sekveca Tavisi warmoeba da aqtivoba. daeca sainvesticio aqtivobac. dRes Semosavlis miReba yvelas sWirdeba – moqalaqeebs, bizness da saxelmwifos. Tu normaluri vaWroba ar iqneba, arc Semosavali iqneba da verc socialur-ekonomikur problemebs davZlevT.
– pandemia ar iZleva amis saSualebas.
– xazgasasmelia is garemoeba, rom naTelia virusis ekonomikuri konturebi, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva, CarCoebSi moeqces gaurkvevlobis procesi da arsebuli gamowvevebis Sesabamisad ganisazRvros ekonomikis struqturis cvlilebis veqtori. sabolod, problemebis daZlevis pasuxi politikur resursSia. mTavrobam xeli unda Seuwyos regionul TanamSromlobas da unda gaataros dabalansebuli ekonomikuri politika. aseve, daZlios bazrebze arsebuli gaurkvevloba, xeli Seuwyos mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTunarianobis amaRlebas. faqtia isic, rom saqarTvelo imyofeba Zveli politikidan axal politikaze gadasvlis krizisSi, romlis daZlevis resursi mxolod lozungebis donezea.
– ras gulisxmobT?
– politikur enaze, qveynebi, Zveli politikiT, asocirdeba araefeqtur mmarTvelobasTan da qaosur mdgomareobasTan, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia: biurokratiis mouqneli da xisti meqanizmebi; garigebebis dadeba `burusiT mocul~ oTaxebSi; reformebis da ambiciuri resursebisadmi mmarTvelobiTi SiSi; yvelgan elituri wris aCrdili; Sesrulebis dabali kultura; cvlilebebis araprognozirebadi da gaurkveveli Sedegebi; aRSfoTebuli biznesi, `gaCanagebuli~ saSualo klasi da gaRaribebuli sazogadoeba. qarTul politikur velze erTis mxriv, gvyavs `wynari Zvelebi~ – lozungebiT, SeCveuli urTierTobebiT, dablagvebuli midgomebiTa da aprobirebuli teqnologiebiT. xolo meore mxriv ki `xmauriani axlebi~, inovaciuri ideebiTa da strategiuli xedvebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnul mocemulobaSi: Zveli klasi flobs ekonomikur Zalauflebasa da politikur instrumentebs, xolo sazogadoeba – siRaribes, ekonomikur problemebs, umuSevrobasa da ukmayofilebas; misi partiebi ar aCvenebs axali politikis Canasaxebs. maTi politikuri teqnologiebi da midgomebi ver umklavdeba qveynis ekonomikur da socialur problemebs, regionul gamowvevebsa da gangrZobad okupacias; Zvelpragmatuli politika ufro orientirebulia socialur maxasiaTeblebsa da amomrCevlebis zemoqmedebaze, vidre nacionalur problemebze – siRaribis aRmofxvrisa da teritoriebis dabrunebis praqtikul nabijebze. gamowvevebis fonze, Zveli klasi energiulad ilaSqrebs eqspertebisa da analitikosebis ambiciuri Sefasebebis winaaRmdeg, akninebs akademiur da sazogadoebriv azrs, ver aviTarebs akademiuri seqtoris ideebs, ver axdens maT mier warmodgenili saxelmwifoebrivi ideebisa da rekomendaciebis xorcSesxmas. marTalia, Zveli klasis politika cdilobs reproduqtiulobas, Tumca axali politikuri resursis gareSe kontrastis miRweva SeuZlebelia. faqtebi adasturebs, rom arsebiTad moZvelebulia maTi politikuri teqnologiebi, lozungebi, midgomebi, simboloebi, urTierTobebi da qcevis aspeqtebi; aRsaniSnavia, rom axali politika ar gulisxmobs nebismier axal saxes, Cinisa da Tanamdebobis mqone pirs. Cini da Tanamdeboba ki ar qmnis politikas, aramed – kompetencia, akademiuri da oratoruli unari. axali politika aris xelisuflebaSi mosvlis swafva sazogadoebis keTildReobisaTvis da ara sakuTari miznebisaTvis. am misiisTvis, politikaSi momsvleli TiToeuli piri unda flobdes socialuri struqturis Sesabamis strategias, politikur individualobas da oratorobis niWs. xazgasasmelia, rom sazogadoebriv asparezze, axali politikuri stilis mqone pirebi unda gamoirCeodnen individualobiT, Tamami reformebis gatarebis miswrafebiT, ambiciuri xedvebiT, axali standartebiT, strategiuli gegmebiT, araordinaruli epoqis Sesabamisi midgomebiTa da kompetenciebiT. damaimedebelia, rom qarTuli sazogadoebis aqtiuri pirebi floben sazogadoebis mxardaWeras, ekonomikuri problemebis daZlevis resurssa da dargis ganviTarebis unars, rac niSnavs, rom floben qveynis ganviTarebis did potencials, Tumca ara mmarTvelobiT da politikur instrumentebs, riTac Zveli politikuri klasi sargeblobs. elituri wris aCrdili rogorc sakadro politikaSi Cans, ise sazogadoebis ekonomikur aqtivizaciaSic rom Candes, amdeni ekonomikuri problema ar iqneboda. arsebiTia aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli saxelmwifos politikuri sistemisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs axali politikuri subieqtebis warmoqmnasa da sicocxlisunarianobis process, xolo meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba gaaCnia saarCevno sistemas, rogorc procedurul sakiTxs. dRes qveyanaSi ufro meti aqcenti keTdeba saarCevno sistemis formis ganxilvaze da naklebi – saxelmwifos politikuri sistemis axali resursiT gaZlierebaze.Ddaskvna: saxelmwifoebrivad momgebiani iqneba, meti yuradReba gamaxvildes axali politikuri subieqtebis warmoCenis procesze, vidre mxolod teqnikur sakiTxebze. politika ki ar unda gvTavazobdes deputatebs, aramed deputatobis mandatisTvis mebrZoli pirebi unda gvTavazobdnen politikas (strategiul gegmebs, dargis ganviTarebis programebs, problemebis gadaWris praqtikul midgomebs). swored axali politikuri klasis Seqmnis safuZvelSia qarTuli politikis reorganizeba, globaluri rolis zrda, revolucia ekonomikaSi, saqarTvelos TiToeuli moqalaqisa da TiToeuli ojaxis keTildReoba. dabolos, mxolod axali politikuri polusis SeqmniT miiRweva saqarTvelos sruli ganaxleba.
