,,ჩვენი მთავარი პრობლემა არასწორი ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკაა?”
ლაშა ხომერიკი 593 50 82 69 –
qveynis progresul ganviTarebas mizanmimarTuli, gonivruli, Tanmimdevruli ekonomikuri politika rom ganapirobebs, aqsiomaa. rogoria Cveni qveynis ekonomika? ra aferxebs saqarTvelos ekonomikur aRmavlobas, ras urCeven eqspertebi xelisuflebas, investiciebi ramdenad sworadaa aTvisebuli, ra Tvisebebi axasiaTebs kovidekonomikas? am mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze vesaubrebiT ,,lelo saqarTvelosTvis~ aWaris axalgazrduli organizaciis erT-erT liders, baTumis bsu-is ekonomikis magistrant arCil beriZes.
– dameTanxmebiT, meoTxedi saukune sakmarisia imisTvis, rom qveyanam ekonomikur warmatebas miaRwios, Tumca saqarTvelos magaliTze amas ver vityviT, ratom?
– aTobiT weli namdvilad sakmarisia imisTvis, qveyanam miaRwios ekonomikuri ganviTarebis im dones, rom qveyanaSi metwilad daZleuli iyos socialuri problemebi. samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi siRaribis, umuSevrobisa da korufciis done kvlav maRalia, rasac emateba gaufasurebuli erovnuli valuta da migraciis mzardi tempi, es ki suraTs kidev ufro amZimebs. Cveni mTavari problema aris politikuri nebis ararseboba da araswori ekonomikuri politika. grZelvadiani ekonomikuri gegmebi kvlav mxolod furcelze rCeba, strategiuli proeqtebi ki Cerdeba. adgilobrivi warmoebis ganuviTareblobis gamo qveyana sruliad importdamokidebulia. xelisufleba sazogadoebas daSorebulia. mosaxleobas ar aqvs gancda, rom raime ekonomikuri proeqti maTTvisac sasargeblo iqneba. wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTavrobebi mimarTavdnen populistur politikas reitingis SesanarCuneblad, rasac realuri Sedegi ar moaqvs.
– koronavirusma ramdenad daazarala Cveni saxelmwifos ekonomika, am mxriv xelisuflebis saqmianobas eqspertebi sxvadasxvanairad afaseben, ras fiqrobT?
– pandemiaze saubrisas, aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT is faqti, rom krizisi jandacvis seqtorSi warmoiSva. am mizezis gamo mxolod ekonomikuri faqtorebiT Sefaseba, Cemi azriT, calmxrivi pozicia iqneba. pirveli loqdaunis dros mTavrobas ori arCevani hqonda: Caeketa ekonomika da virusis swrafi gavrcelebisgan mosalodneli safrTxe Tavidan aecilebina, an gaexsna ekonomika da virusi `mieSva~. Cemi azriT, msoflio tendenciidan gamomdinare, pirveli arCevani swori iyo, Tumca xelisuflebas situacia metismetad moewona – dainaxa, rom misi reitingi izrdeboda da sazogadoebis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis mogvarebis nacvlad, aRebuli vali winasaarCevno populisturi kampaniisTvis gamoiyena, sazogadoeba ki darCa bedis amara. msoflio praqtika gvaCvenebda, rom pandemiis periodSi ekonomikis vardna gveqneboda. amis fonze adamianebi kargavdnen ukanasknel Semosavals, samuSao adgilebs, mosaxleoba kidev ufro Raribdeboda, izrdeboda inflacia da migracia, arc jandacvis mimarTulebiT gvqonda kargi Sedegebi, ramac uaryofiTi molodinebi Segviqmna. xelisufleba ki Zalauflebis xiblSi iyo Cavardnili da pandemias politikuri miznebisTvis iyenebda, xolo sazogadoebis problemebis Semsubuqeba da ekonomikuri krizisisgan Tavis arideba arcki ucdia.
– sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri formacia, romelSic Cven axla vimyofebiT, ra gamowvevebs ayenebs qveynis winaSe?
– koronavirusma TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani sfero daaziana: ekonomika, jandacva, ganaTleba. amas emateboda politikuri krizisi – polarizaciis maRali done. sazogadoeba gaiyo or dapirispirebul jgufad da nacvlad problemebze orientirebisa, mimdinareobs erTmaneTis lanZRva, gansxvavebuli azris devna da damunaTeba. sazogadoebis CarTuloba qveynis marTvis procesSi mcirdeba, rac, ra Tqma unda, pozitiur Sedegebs ar moitans arc socialuri da arc ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. rac Seexeba uSualod ekonomikur aspeqtebs, umuSevroba da siRaribe kvlav did problemad rCeba. amas daemata orniSna inflacia, rac mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikur yofas auaresebs, radgan izrdeba fasebi produqtebze, sawvavze, transportze, xolo mosaxleobis Semosavlebi ar icvleba. is, vinc ver xedavs perspeqtivas am qveyanaSi, midis sazRvargareT, ris gamoc migracia matulobs.
– mmarTveli partiis wevrebi amboben, rom opoziciis braldebebi mTavrobis (ekonomikur mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT) mimarT usafuZvloa da samuSao adgilebi iqmneba, Tqveni azri amis Taobaze?
– mmarTveli partia imdenad aris gadavardnili Zalauflebis xiblSi, rom misTvis opoziciis da sazogadoebis kritika arafers warmoadgens. zemoT ukve aRvniSne, rom sazogadoeba da mTavroba erTmaneTs Zalian daSorebulia, sazogadoebis CarTuloba marTvis procesSi Semcirebulia. totalitarul saxelmwifoSi xSirad xdeba opoziciis damunaTeba, sazogadoebis interesebis argaTvaliswineba, gansakuTrebiT, sasamarTlos mikerZoebulobis SemTxvevaSi. xelisuflebisTvis mTavaria, ras ityvis misi amomrCeveli, romelsac mudmivad tyuilebiT kvebavs da amisTvis uamrav xerxs mimarTavs: trol-botebs, samTavrobo televiziebs, xelovnuri opoziciis Seqmnas, arCevnebze ki Zalauflebis SesanarCuneblad moisyidis, daaSinebs an daaSantaJebs sazogadoebis yvelaze mowyvlad fenas – socialurad daucvelebs da pensionerebs da amiT gava fons. opozicia rasac ambobs, ra Tqma unda, simarTlea. umuSevroba, ukiduresi gaWirveba, sasamarTlos mikerZoebuloba, maRali inflacia, laris kursis arastabiluroba, migracia – gadauWreli problemebis arasruli CamonaTvalia. opoziciis Sefasebis gareSe rom vimsjeloT, mxolod statistikiT, maSinve mivxvdebiT, rom arcerT komponentSi ar gvaqvs winsvla, metic, rigi faqtorebis gamo ekonomikuri mdgomareoba gauaresebulia. mTavroba uars ambobs iseT proeqtebze, rogorebicaa anakliis porti, sruli internetizacia, rkinigzis modernizacia. STabeWdileba mrCeba, rom mTavrobas ar surs ekonomikuri ganviTareba. siRaribesa da nihilizmSi myofi mosaxleobis mosyidva da daSineba ufro martivia.
– eqspertebi xelisuflebas qveynis ekonomikuri krizisidan gamosvlisaTvis sTavazoben: mTavrobis Semcirebas, sasamarTlos realur damoukideblobas, aramiznobrivi xarjebis gauqmebas, investorebisTvis idealuri garemos Seqmnas. . . Tqven ras daamatebdiT am CamonaTvals?
– TiToeuli faqtori, rac Tqven CamoTvaleT, aris umniSvnelovanesi. imisaTvis, rom qveyana gamovides ekonomikuri krizisidan, aucilebelia politikuri stabiluroba da kargi biznesgaremos Seqmna. sasamarTlos realuri damoukideblobis gareSe axali investiciebis Semodineba warmoudgenelia – investorebs ar eqnebaT stimuli sakuTari Tanxa daabandon iq, sadac sasamarTlo iRebs politikur gadawyvetilebebs. mTavrobis zomisa da aramiznobrivi xarjebis SemcirebasTan erTad, unda aRmoifxvras korufcia da nepotizmi. naTlad Cans, rom is kompaniebi, romlebic igeben tenderebs, manamde iyvnen an xdebian `qarTuli ocnebis~ Semwirvelebi. aseT viTarebaSi biznesis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva 0-is tolia. laris arastabiluroba biznessa da mosaxleobas uaryofiT molodinebs uyalibebs da maT ekonomikur mdgomareobazec cudad moqmedebs. am mimarTulebiT, aucilebelia swori monetaruli politikis ganxorcieleba, raTa lari gamyardes. am nabijebis ganxorcielebis gareSe qveynis ekonomikuri krizisidan gamoyvana warmoudgeneli mgonia.
– rogorc vici, partias ,,lelo saqarTvelosTvis~ ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gegma aqvs SemuSavebuli, ramdenad realisturia igi?
– `marSalis gegma~, romelic `lelom~ waradgina 2020 wlis arCevnebze, savsebiT realisturia. ramdenime aspeqts minda Sevexo da mis saWiroebaze visaubro. ganviTarebul qveynebSi demokratia dgas saSualo fenaze, Cvens qveyanaSi ki saSualo fena, faqtobrivad, ar gvaqvs. mosaxleobas unda gauCndes Semosavali, raTa gaZlierdes saSualo fena. strategiuli megaproeqtebis dasruleba (anakliis porti, Cqarosnuli magistrali, rkinigzis modernizacia) qveynis ekonomikas gazrdis, Seiqmneba axali samuSao adgilebi, sadac dasaqmdeba adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, gauCndeba Semosavali da stabilurobis gancda, rac umniSvnelovanesia siRaribidan Tavis dasaRwevad. piradad CemTvis, ekonomikuri aspeqtebidan mimzidvelia sagarantio fondis Seqmna, safondo birJis dafuZneba, saarbitraJo sasamarTlos daarseba da IT kompaniebis ganviTareba. sagarantio fondi finansurad uzrunvelyofs bizness, rac miscems stimuls da resurss grZelvadiani da momgebiani, qveynisTvis sasikeTo proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad, saarbitraJo sasamarTlo ki daicavs ucxouri da adgilobrivi investorebis interesebs da maT eqnebaT stimuli, kidev ufro meti investicia ganaxorcielon. `lelos~ ekonomikur programaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mgonia codnaze damyarebuli ekonomikis Seqmna. ekonomikaSi ganaTleba TamaSobs gadamwyvet rols, Sesabamisad, inovaciebisa da teqnologiebis waxaliseba-mxardaWera erT-erTi yvelaze kargi gzaa inkluziuri ekonomikuri zrdis misaRwevad.
– politikosebi, eqspertTa nawili acxadebs, rom qveyanaSi inflacia 14-procentian niSnuls miuaxlovda, mmarTveli partia amas uaryofs, Tqveni azriT, realurad ra mdgomareobaa?
– mmarTveli partia yvelafers uaryofs, rac Cven garSemo xdeba. gvajerebs, rom yvelaferi kargadaa da araferi vinaRvloT, amis gamo ki ufro da ufro veflobiT WaobSi. uaxlesi monacemebiT, inflacia 13.9%-ia, es niSnavs imas, rom izrdeba fasebi produqtze, sawvavze, transportze da a.S. inflaciis zrdis paralelurad, mosaxleobis Semosavali ar izrdeba, ris gamoc maTi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba uaresdeba – umcirdebaT realuri Semosavali. es gamowveulia msoflioSi mimdinare procesebiTac, vinaidan Cveni ekonomika importdamokidebulia, navTobze fasis zrda Cvenze Zalian moqmedebs, magram Tavisi wvlili mTavrobas da erovnul banksac Seaqvs. aRebuli sagareo vali mosaxleobis ekonomikuri keTildReobis amaRlebis nacvlad Cinovnikebis interesebs moxmarda. garda amisa, `qarTulma ocnebam~ gazarda samTavrobo xarjebi, ramac warmoqmna deficituri biujeti. erovnuli banki Riad unda akritikebdes mTavrobas da xarjebis gazrdis saSualebas ar aZlevdes, magram imis gamo, rom is damoukidebeli instituti ar aris, amas ar akeTebs.
– eqspertTa TqmiT, investiciebis 70 procenti dedaqalaqze modis, esec xom ar ganapirobebs qveynis arasaxarbielo ekonomikur mdgomareobas?
– diax, es imis maniSnebelia, rom qveynis ekonomika arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSia. investiciebis didi wili swored dedaqalaqsa da did qalaqebze modis. es tendencia grZeldeba wlebis ganmavlobaSi. SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom danarCeni regionebi `depresiul regionebs~ miekuTvneba, rac Zalian amZimebs ekonomikur mdgomareobas. am problemis mosagvareblad `lelos~ aqvs kargi midgoma – regionuli megaproeqtebi – TiToeul regions Tavisi funqcia unda hqondes da im mimarTulebiT ganaxorcielos investiciebi. Cemi azriT, am strategiiT investiciebis Tanafardoba da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba metwilad Seicvleba.
– rogori agraruli politika unda iyos saqarTveloSi? da aqve Tanamdevi kiTxva: rogori warmoebis ganviTareba gvWirdeba?
– samwuxarod, Cveni qveynis agraruli politika mxolod naturalur meurneobas moicavs. aq dasaqmebuli adamianebis wili 40%-s aRemateba da maT mier Seqmnili produqcia mSp-s 8-9 %-ia, rac seriozuli dabrkolebaa. ganviTarebul qveynebSi soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa wili gacilebiT mcirea. Cvens mdgomareobas politikuri elferic dahkravs. xelisuflebebi ar cdiloben am dargis gajansaRebas, radgan urCevniaT soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebul adamianebs winasaarCevnod SesTavazon erTjeradi vauCerebi an populisturi dapirebebi yovelgvari gegmis gareSe da amiT moipovon maTi mxardaWera. Tu gvinda mivaRwioT ekonomikur ganviTarebas, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, saWiroa swori agraruli politika. unda moxdes ucxouri investiciebis stimulireba, rac xels Seuwyobs dargSi Tanamedrove teqnikisa da teqnologiebis danergvas, axali codnis implementacias. Sedegad gaizrdeba ucxour bazrebze xelmisawvdomoba. soflis meurneobis ganviTarebiT miRebuli sargebeli ar unda iyos mxolod socialur miznebze agebuli siRaribis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli politikis ganxorcielebis Sedegi. aucilebelia saxelmwiosTan erTad, kerZo kapitaldabandebebisa da infrastruqturis zrdiT soflis meurneobam komerciuli mniSvnelobac SeiZinos. am SemTxvevaSi gaizrdeba fermerTa konkurentunarianoba da agraruli biznesgaremo. am procesSi ar unda ugulebelvyoT Tanamedrove industria Tavisi ekonomikuri, mecnieruli da kulturuli potencialiT. saWiroa am dargebs Soris davicvaT optimaluri proporciebi.
– dRes msoflioSi axali ekonomikuri realobaa – samuSao adgilebis umravlesobas teqnologiebi Caanacvlebs, ra gvelodeba?
– msoflios axali ekonomikuri realoba ubiZgebs adamianebs, ipovon gzebi, riTac Sromis bazarze daimkvidreben Tavs. vinc fexs auwyobs am mocemulobas, is aucileblad miaRwevs warmatebas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom rigi profesiebi gauqmdeba, nawilis reformireba moxdeba da ar unda gamovricxoT axali profesiebis Seqmnac, romlebic teqnologiur codnaze iqneba dafuZnebuli. es cudi ar aris, radgan ekonomika cocxali organizmia da mas mudmivad sWirdeba siaxle da ganviTareba. Tu movaxerxebT da ganaTlebas SevusabamebT Tanamedroveobas, moswavleebs/studentebs SeeZlebaT iseTi codnis miReba, rac daexmarebaT axali Sromis bazarze Tavis damkvidrebaSi, teqnologiebis era CvenTvis cudis momtani ar iqneba, piriqiT, teqnologiuri progresi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindaria.
– kovidekonomika – damkvidrda aseTi termini, ra axasiaTebs am periodis ekonomikas?
– kovidekonomika, igive koronomika – es aris termini, romelic pandemiis periodSi gaCnda, radgan ekonomikaSi xdeba iseTi ram, risi gamomwvevi mizezic ekonomika ar aris. am periodis ekonomika, pirvel etapze, xasiaTdeboda saxelmwifoebis nacionalisturi ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebiT, roca saxelmwifoebi mimarTavdnen egreT wodebuli ZiZa saxelmwifos strategias, Tumca nel-nela es strategia Seicvala. unda vTqvaT, rom koronomikas axasiaTebs maRali inflacia, samuSao adgilebis Semcireba, sagareo valebis zrda. grZelvadian periodSi mdgomareoba etapobrivad dastabilurdeba rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve msoflios masStabiT, magram Tu Cveni saxelwmifo da erovnuli banki ar mimarTavs swor strategias, rTuli iqneba am situaciidan mcire danakargebiT gamosvla.
– araerTi modeli arsebobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kuTxiT, Cvenma qveyanam romeli saxelmwifos gamocdileba unda gaiziaros?
– ekonomikuri modeli Tavsebadi unda iyos mosaxleobis kulturasTan, ganaTlebasa da msoflmxedvelobasTan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, moklevadian periodSi warumatebeli aRmoCndeba. calkeuli qveynebi cdilobdnen, arsebuli ekonomikuri Teoriebi moeyvanaT mosaxleobasTan SesabamisobaSi (amis yvelaze kargi magaliTia iaponia, fineTi, SvedeTi, singapuri da a.S.), riTic maT miaRwies ekonomikur ganviTarebas. am mimarTulebiT SesaZlebelia gaviziaroT estonuri gamocdileba – investiciebis waxaliseba, samTavrobo xarjebis Semcireba, vaWrobis gamartiveba, teqnologiuri progresi, damoukidebeli sasamarTlos Seqmna, masobrivi privatizeba, Semdeg etapze ki ekonomikis regulireba da Sesabamisi sagadasaxado reformis SemuSaveba, raTa biznesis warmoeba gaxdes ufro martivi. ra Tqma unda, sagareo politikuri veqtori mimarTuli unda iyos dasavleTisken. evrokavSiri xSirad gascems rekomendaciebs, Tu rogor unda moviqceT konkretul situaciaSi, raTa mivaRwioT ekonomikur ganviTarebas. Cemi azriT, ukeTesi iqneba, gavakeToT ara is, rasac evrokavSiri gveubneba, aramed is, rasac evrokavSiri akeTebs.
