რა უნდა ვიცოდეთ ,,მაიმუნის ყვავილზე”
მარიამ ხითარიშვილი 27 48 93 –
iSviaTi virusi, romelsac `maimunis yvavilis~ saxeliT vicnobT, ZiriTadad centralur da dasavleT afrikaSi gvxvdeba. bolo dReebSi is msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSic gavrcelda. daavadebaTa prevenciisa da kontrolis evropuli centris Tanaxmad, es aris pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac evropaSi gadacemis jaWvi dasavleT an centralur afrikasTan kavSiris gareSe dafiqsirda. koronavirusisgan daRlil samyaroSi ki SiSis axali talRa daiwyo, Tumca ramdenime mizezis gamo, am viruss iseTive SeSfoTebiT ar mkurnaloben, rogorc kovids, `maimunis yvavili~ 1958 wels aRmoaCines maimunebSi, romlebsac specialuri kvlevebi utardebodaT.
am Temaze ufro detalurad infeqcionisti, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori maia buwaSvili gvesaubreba
– `maimunis yvavilTan~ dakavSirebiT sazogadoebaSi bevri kiTxvaa. es ar aris axali infeqcia, adrec iyo, Tumca daavadeba iSviaTia. SemTxvevebi an afrikis qveynebSi registrirdeboda, an erTeuli SemTxvevebi afrikis kontinentis gareT, rac yovelTvis ukavSirdeboda afrikaSi mogzaurobas an importirebul cxovelebs. rac Seexeba amJamindel afeTqebas, romelic daiwyo 13 maisidan, registrirdeba evropaSi, aSS-Si da kanadaSi da ar ukavSirdeba afrikas. dRemde dafiqsirebulia 92 dadasturebuli da 28 saeWvo SemTxveva 12 qveyanaSi (evropis qveynebi, aSS, kanada). afrikis qveynebs Soris yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia kongoSi (1 ianvridan 1 maisamde 1238 SemTxveva).
– vrceldeba Tu ara informacia letaluri SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb?
– dReisaTvis – ara, Tumca zogadad, daavadebis letalobis maCvenebeli erT-erTi StamisTvis aris 3.6%, xolo meoris – 10.6%. daavadeba SedarebiT mZimed mimdinareobs bavSvebSi, orsulebSi da imunosupresirebul pirebSi. simptomebi hgavs yvavilisas, Tumca ufro msubuqad mimdinareobs. dasawyisSi axasiaTebs gripismagvari simptomebi: cxeleba, Semcivneba, Tavis da kunTebis tkivili, limfuri kvanZebis gadideba. 1-3 dReSi viTardeba gamonayari, romelic iwyeba saxidan da vrceldeba sxeulis sxva nawilebzec, maT Soris xelis da fexisgulebzec. gamonayari jer kvanZovania, Semdeg xdeba buStukovani, mRvrie SigTavsiT. ramdenime dReSi viTardeba fufxebi da cviva.
– rogor xdeba daavadebis gadacema?
– gadacema simptomuri adamianidan xdeba wveTebis da sxvadasxva biologiur siTxesTan mWidro kontaqtis gziT. inkubaciuri periodia 6-13 dRe (SeiZleba 21 dRemdec). diagnostika xdeba `pisiar~ meTodiT. gadamtanad gvevlineba mRrRnelebi da primatebi. aqve aRvniSnav – daavadeba pirvelad 1958 wels aRmoaCines maimunebSi da saxelwodebac aqedan modis, 1970 wels ki kongoSi pirvelad gamouvlinda adamians.
– sazogadoebaSi vrceldeba azri, rom Cutyvavilas vaqcina `maimunis yvavilis~ virusisgan gvicavs. . .
– minda ganvmarto, rom am daavadebas araferi aqvs saerTo CutyvavilasTan, amitom Cutyvavilas vaqcina am virusisgan ver dagvicavs. es ori, sruliad sxvadasxva jgufis virusia. laparakia ara Cutyvavilas, aramed yvavilis vaqcinaze, romelic 80-ian wlebamde keTdeboda da Semdeg yvavilis eradikaciasTan dakavSirebiT misi gamoyeneba aRar xdeba. es gaugebroba gamoiwvia inglisuri terminebis – Cutyvavila da yvavili msgavsebam.
– bolo xanebSi didi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvebSi axali, gaurkveveli warmoSobis mwvave hepatitis SemTxvevebs, romelic dafiqsirda aSS-Si da evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi. amaze ras gvetyviT?
– mwvave hepatitis SemTxvevaTa raodenoba ukve ramdenime aseuls aRwevs. asaki 1-dan 16 wlamde meryeobs. simptomebi, Cveulebriv, mwvave hepatitisTvis damaxasiaTebelia: kanis da Tvalis sklerebis siyviTle, RviZlis funqciebis mkveTri momateba. . . temperatura, rogorc wesi, normaluria. SemTxvevaTa 90%-ze mets sWirdeba hospitalizacia. 10%-ze met SemTxvevebSi daavadeba mZimed mimdinareobs da saWiro xdeba RviZlis gadanergva.
nawili gankurnebiT mTavrdeba. hepatitis mqone bavSvebSi ar dasturdeba aqamde cnobili arc erTi hepatitis virusi. did nawilSi gamovlinda adenovirusis erT-erTi tipi (tipi 41), xolo garkveul nawils daesva kovidis diagnozi, an hqondaT axlad gadatanili kovidi. zogierTs erTdroulad aReniSneboda adenovirusuli infeqcia da kovidi. arsebobs mosazreba, rom hepatitis es axali forma, SesaZloa, bavSvebSi kovidis aqamde cnobili erT-erTi garTulebis, multisistemuri anTebiTi sindromis gamovlineba iyos. mokled, jerjerobiT, am SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT, bevri ram ucnobia. mSoblebs afrTxileben, rom yuradRebiT iyvnen da ar gamorCeT bavSvebSi siyviTlis gamovlineba, droulad mimarTon eqims.
minda Sevexo `gacivebis~ Temasac. adamianebi uamrav infeqciur daavadebas ukavSireben gacivebas, magaliTad, araerTxel gagvigia: `sveli TmiT ar gaxvide, meningiti dagemarTeba~, `orpir qarSi nu xar, meningiti dagemarTeba~, `gavcivdi da Sardis buStis anTeba damemarTa~. . . `virusi ar maqvs, gaciebuli var da imitom maxvelebs (an surdo maqvs)~ da a.S. sinamdvileSi, es yvelaferi, ZiriTadad, infeqciur daavadebebs ukavSirdeba. rac Seexeba `sakvercxis anTebas~, rogorc wesi, tkivili dakavSirebulia mcire menjis Rrus anTebiT daavadebebTan, sakvercxis kistasTan, menstrualur tkivilTan da a.S. da `fexebis gacieba~, an civ qvaze jdoma arafer SuaSia. Sardis buStis anTeba ki Cveulebrivi infeqciuri daavadebaa. civ amindSi gaxSirebuli Sardva Cveulebrivi ambavia. es organizmis garkveuli damcvelobiTi reaqciaa. aqve vityvi, wylis sma civ amindSic mniSvnelovania da ara mxolod zafxulSi. meningits iwvevs sxvadasxva virusi, baqteria an paraziti. zogierTi maTgani (magaliTad, meningokoki), SeiZleba gadamdebi iyos da amas orpir qarTan, svel TmasTan an kondicionerTan saerTo araferi aqvs. rac Seexeba sasunTqi gzebis simptomebs, anu rasac xalxi `gaciebas~ uwodebs, esec, rogorc wesi, virusul infeqciebTan aris dakavSirebuli da adamiani am dros gadamdebia. yvelaze xSirad `gaciebas~ rinovirusebi da adenovirusebi iwvevs. mokled, terminebs didi mniSvneloba marTlac ar aqvs, ubralod, es yvelaferi im mxriv aris sayuradRebo, rom Tu Cveni avadmyofobis mizezs sworad ar SevafasebT, verc swori mimarTulebiT profilaqtikas da mkurnalobas mivmarTavT.
