დეპრესია და მისი სირთულეები – მოზარდებში
naira futkaraZe 27 48 93 –
uguneboba da sevdiani ganwyoba yvela mozardis cxovrebaSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa, magram Tu es mdgomareoba didxans grZeldeba, garSemomyofebma unda gaacnobieron, problema mwvavea da gadaWras saWiroebs.
mozardebis depresiis Sesaxeb sazogadoebaSi mravali mcdari Sexedulebaa gabatonebuli. marTalia, es uxeSi da jiuti asakia, magram Tineijerebis umetesobas Seswevs unari, sakuTari vnebaTaRelva daabalansos kargi megobrebis, swavlaSi, sportSi an sxva saqmianobaSi miRweuli warmatebebis xarjze. bavSvis fsiqologiur wonasworobaze gazeTi `aWara~ esaubra fsiqologs, reabilitaciis da ganviTarebis centris qceviT Terapevts sofiko Cinbas.
– sanam uSualod bavSvebisa da mozardebis asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli depresiis simptomebze visaubrebdeT, minda gkiTxoT, rogor unda ganvasxvaoT depresia sevdisa da mowyenilobisgan?
– zogadad, depresia da sevda gansxvavebuli mdgomareobebia. sevda aris emocia, romlis drosac Tavs cudad grZnob da sxvebsac etyvi amas, radgan ganicdi, xolo fsiqikuri daavadebis dros diagnozis dasmas specialistis gareSe veravin SeZlebs. Aaseve, mniSvnelovania xangrZlivoba. zogierTi emocia didxans grZeldeba, zogi – Zalian mcire drois ganmavlobaSi, xolo depresia SesaZloa gagrZeldes Tveebi. am SemTxvevaSi, gamoricxuli ar aris, yvelaferi iyos Zalian kargad, Tumca Tqven mainc gqondeT depresiis simptomebi. sevdiani adamiani suicidze ar fiqrobs, depresiis SemTxvevaSi ki saqme sul sxvagvaradaa, vinaidan am mdgomareobas SeuZlia cxovrebis Secvla.
– depresias, ZiriTadad, ra simptomebi axasiaTebs?
– depresiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sasowarkveTa, pesimizmi, gaRizianeba, ener-giis cvlileba da sisustis SegrZneba, wonis cvlileba, suiciduri mcdelobebi, Zilis rutinasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi. Zalian bevri faqtoria, rac moqmedebs depresiuli fonis gamwvavebaze. arsebobs depresiis naklebad mwvave formebic. depresiis simwvave ganisazRvreba simptomebis raodenobiTa da intensivobiT, Tumca msubuqi depresiuli mdgomareobac ki diskomfortis gancdasa da cxovrebiT kmayofilebis dabal donesTan asocirdeba. rogorc zrdasrulebSi, aseve mozardebsa da bavSvebSi, ZiriTadad, depresias iseTi simptomebi axasiaTebs, rogorebicaa daqveiTebuli guneba-ganwyoba, interesebisa da siamovnebis miRebis unaris daqveiTeba, Senelebuli moZraoba, kvebisa da Zilis sirTuleebi, xSirad aRniSnaven koncentraciisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris daqveiTebas, aseve, motivaciisa da energiis naklebobas. arcTu ise iSviaTad, vlindeba TviTkritikuloba, iracionaluri azrebi: `arafe-ri gamomdis~, `aravis vuyvarvar~, `arafris Rirsi var~ da a.S. rogorc ukve vTqviT, SeiZleba gaCndes suiciduri azrebi: `sicocxles azri ar aqvs~, `netav movkvde~, `cxovreba tanjvaa~ da sxva. aseT dros garSemomyofebisgan aucilebelia frTxili da drouli reagireba da specialistis (fsiqologis, fsiqiatris) Careva.
– ra simptomebs unda miaqcios mSobelma yuradReba?
– gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaa saWiro maSin, roca magaliTad, mozardisTvis raRac aris gansakuTrebuli, risi keTebac Zalian moswons, udides siamovnebas aniWebs, Semdeg ki icvleba yvelaferi da mas am aqtivobebis Sesrulebis survili uqreba. ra Tqma unda, es Tu gagrZeldeba
2-3 kviraze met xans, mSoblebma aucileblad unda miaqcion yuradReba, radgan am mdgomareobas, roca yvelaferze xels iReben da cxovreba kargavs xaliss, SesaZloa ewodos depresia.
– ra problemebia mozardebSi aqtualuri?
– aris rigi sakiTxebi, romlebic aqtualuria mozardobis asakSi. magaliTad, SesaZloa mozardi, romelic patara asakSi mSobels mihyveboda, iTvaliswinebda mis rCevebs, Tundac elementaruli kuTxiT (kbilebis gamoxexva rom aviRoT), Semdeg radikalurad icvleba da saerTod uars ambobs miTiTebebis Sesrulebaze, kargavs punqtualobas, akuratulobas, bolomde orientirebulia akeTos is, rac mas surs, imis gauTvaliswineblad, rogori Sedegis momtani iqneba es. aseve, SesaZloa mozardi gaxdes konformuli samegobro wreSi, bolomde iyos orientirebuli maTze, maTi axirebebis Sesrulebaze da miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebTan hqondes winaaRmdegoba, samegobro wreSi gansxvavebul qcevas axorcielebdes.
– ra SeiZleba iyos depresiis gamomwvevi mizezi?
– depresia bavSvebsa da mozardebSi uamravi faqtoris kombinaciis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos. depresia SesaZloa gamoiwvios rogorc garemom, ise fsiqologiurma faqtorebma. genetikuri faqtorebic mniSvnelovania, radgan SesaZloa ojaxis romelime wevri iyos midrekili depresiisken, aseve, mniSvnelovania stresi, travma, mZime daavadeba da a. S.
– ra rekomendaciebi arsebobs depresiaSi myofi bavSvebis dasaxmareblad?
– pirvel rigSi, unda aRvniSnoT, rom rodesac vsaubrobT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebis da mozardebis fsiqikuri janmrTelobis Sesaxeb, rTuli da safrTxiloa SemTxvevaTa ganzogadeba da universaluri rCevebis gacema. simptomebis simravlisa da mravalgvarobis gamo, mniSvnelovania winmswrebi movlenebis gaanalizeba, garemo faqtorebze dakvirveba, cvlilebebis mizezebis Zieba da sxva. amgvari midgomiT minimumamde daiyvaneba Secdomis daSvebis albaToba da rac mTavaria, bavSvs ziani ar miadgeba araswori diagnoziTa da CareviT. ara mxolod sakuTar sityvebsa da qcevas, aramed ojaxis sxva wevrebis damokidebulebasac unda davakvirdeT bavSvis mimarT. mSobels sifxizle marTebs imis gamoc, rom xSirad depresiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli simptomebi calsaxad ar Cans qcevaSi. is SeiZleba SeiniRbos ise, rom garSemomyofebisgan sizarmaced, sijiuted, upasuxismgeblobis gamovlinebad iyos Sefasebuli. mSobelma unda iTanamSromlos ojaxis sxva wevrebTan da im adamianebTan, romlebic bavSvs sxva garemoSi xedaven (sabavSvo baRis, skolis maswavleblebi). mravali wyarodan miRebuli informacia specialistsac exmareba bavSvis mdgomareobis sworad SefasebaSi. mniSvnelovania mSoblis aqtiuri CarTuloba am procesSi, raTa mSoblebi informirebuli iyvnen. mozardis depresiis msubuqi forma SesaZloa ufro Rrma depresiul mdgomareobaSi gadaizardos, Sesabamisad, uyuradRebod datoveba an Tundac TviTmkurnaloba dauSvebelia. am dros bavSvs sWirdeba emociuri mxardaWera, mSobels unda hqondes megobruli damokidebuleba SvilTan, raTa iyos Tanamoazre. Tundac mozardi uars ambobdes, mSobeli minimalisturad unda iyos CarTuli da cdilobdes mozardis gamxnevebas.
– damcinavi toni SeiZleba Tu ara sabediswero aRmoCndes bavSvebisTvis depresiis gamosavlenad?
– ra Tqma unda, depresia Tavidanve Zalian mZime formiT ar gamovlindeba da es aris TandaTanobiTi procesi. zogadad, bulingic erT-erTi xelSemwyobi faqtoria, roca bavSvebisTvis xar miuRebeli da dacinvis obieqti, swavlaSi CamorCenasac ganicdi, ar gsurs raimes gakeTeba, cxovreba kargavs silaRes da sul imis molodinSi xar, rom viRac dagcinebs. es iseTi asakia, roca bavSvebi Zalian sensitiurebi arian, gadaWarbebulad afaseben ama Tu im movlenas.
– Tu aris aRricxuli, Cvens qveyanaSi procentulad ramden mozards aqvs depresiuli simptomebi?
– simarTle giTxraT, amasTan dakavSirebiT ar vflob informacias da Tavs Sevikaveb arazusti informaciis mowodebisgan.
– ukidures depresiaSi myofi mozardebi ramdenad arian suicidisken midrekilni? am mxriv ra roli ekisrebaT mSoblebsa da skolas?
– arian midrekilni, es fiqrebi awuxebT, roca ukve Rrma depresiasTan gvaqvs saqme. Sesabamisad, Zalian mniSvnelovania mSoblebis CrTuloba, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSne, mxardaWera, mcdeloba bavSvTan komunikaciis dasamyareblad, radgan mSoblebs naklebi dro rCebaT urTierTobisTvis da gansakuTrebiT maSin erTvebian procesSi, roca ukve mdgomareobas ver marTaven. aseve, aRsaniSnavia, rom am dros mTeli pasuxismgebloba skolaze ar unda gadavides. aucilebelia skolis fsiqologi iyos CarTuli am procesSi, miewodos informacia, Tu msgavsi SemTxveva aris dafiqsirebuli, ukeTes variantSi maSin, roca acnobiereben, rom bavSvs aqvs problemebi, rac ufro adreul etapze CaerTveba fsiqologi, procesi naklebad gamwvavdeba. aucilebelia, mSobeli flobdes informacias bavSvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, radgan aris SemTxvevebi, roca isini ver xedaven am yvelafers, an piriqiT, acnobiereben problemas da bolomde arian CarTuli. aucilebelia iyoT Tanmimdevrulebi da moqnilebi.
– garemo, rogorc damxmare da xelisSemSleli faqtori. . .
– xelisSemSleli da amavdroulad damxmare aris is garemo, sadac mozardebi atareben dros. es SesaZloa iyos ojaxi, skola, samegobro wre, sadac mozardebi drois umetes nawils atareben. gaaCnia, ra kuTxiT SexedavT am process. maqsimalurad xelSemwyobi unda gaxdes garemo da, swored, adamianebma an garemo unda Secvalon, an TavianTi qceva, Tu Sedegze arian orientirebuli. problemaze orientirebuloba aucilebelia yvela aspeqtSi, yvela kuTxiT da is, rac dadebiTia, uyuradRebod ar unda darCes. mniSvnelovania kompleqsuri muSaoba, yvelaferi erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli da mxolod mSobeli an mxolod skola, urTierTTanamSromlobis gareSe, iseT Sedegs ver miaRwevs, rac mozardis keTildReobisTvis iqneba saWiro.
