ერეკლე დეისაძე: როდესაც ადამიანებს შიათ, ვერ მოსთხოვ, მათთვის ლიტერატურა პრიორიტეტი იყოს
ნანა აბულაძე 577 20 35 90 –
Tvlis, rom literaturis funqciaa yvela im mniSvnelovan da miCqmalul problemaze isaubros, romelTa daviwyebasac sazogadoebisaTvis aTasgvari `manqanebiT~ cdiloben mavanni. miaCnia, rom Semoqmedeba swored am mizans emsaxureba, anu saubrobs im sakiTxebze, rac yofiT cxovrebaSi awuxebT adamianebs, ar gaurbis arsebul realobaze saubars. `saqarTvelos moqalaqe~ – ase hqvia mwerlis, musikosisa da reJisoris erekle deisaZis wigns, romelic man baTumel mkiTxvels warudgina. ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas dRes saqarTvelos moqalaqe, ratom ar aris literatura da kultura adamianebisaTvis prioriteti? – am kiTxvebze pasuxs interviuSi waikiTxavT.
– Tqvens wignSi – `saqarTvelos moqalaqe~, ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas moqalaqe, risi Tqma surs mas xmamaRla?
– pirvel rigSi, minda aRvniSno, rom Zalian mixaria baTumel mkiTxvelTan Sexvedra, romelsac yovelTvis aqvs saintereso kiTxvebi Cemi da Cemi Semoqmedebis mimarT. gansakuTrebiT gamixarda axalgazrdebis xilva, rac imas niSnavs, rom teqnologiuri ganviTarebis miuxedavad, wignis mkiTxveli mainc inarCunebs Tavis Tavs. rac Seexeba wigns, es aris Cemi TvaliT danaxuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe bolo 30 welSi, anu mas Semdeg, rac damoukidebloba movipoveT. saubaria imaze, Tu ra gamowvevebis winaSe vdgavarT, ra problemebi gvaqvs, ra socialur-politikuri Zvrebia, rogor aisaxeba es moqalaqeze. wigni aseve aris policiur Zaladobaze, mTeli siuJetis ganmavlobaSi teqstSi aris poetis wameba, romelic aris Cemi prototipi. es poeti Tavis golgoTis gzas gadis, romelsac mohyveba Tavisi siuJeturi jvarcmac. survili mqonda damefiqsirebina Cemi Taobis xma, im adamianebis, romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovroben, arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, magram maTi yoveldRiuroba imdenad uferuli da Cveulebrivia, rom TiTqos arc arseboben. maTi xma miCqmalulia meinstrim mediebis, `elitebis~ da sxvaTa mier, radgan is, rac dRis wesrigSi dgas problemis saxiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi problema ar aris, amiT sxva raRac, ufro didi, mniSvnelovani problema ifareba. am wigniT vecade gadafaruli problema gamometana mzis Suqze, romelsac hqvia sistemuri Zaladoba saqarTvelos moqalaqeze. es xma, anu `nawamebi sxeulebisa da sulebis xma~ damaklda literaturaSi, kinoSi, musikaSi, Sesabamisad, gadavwyvite, rom am teqstSi, es xma ufro mkveTri da yvelasaTvis gasagoni yofiliyo.
– rogor fiqrobT, dRes literatura ambobs Tavis saTqmels?
– garkveulwilad ambobs, magram ise vera, rogorc unda ambobdes, amis mizezi ki aris koniunqtura, romelSic moqceulia mTeli Tanamedrove qarTuli kultura. Tu adre iyo sabWoTa cenzura, sabWoTa kavSirSi, is Semdeg Canacvlda sxva tipis cenzuriT. axla SeiZleba ar arsebobdes sabWoebi, romlebic am teqstebs ganixilaven da `qarcecxlSi~ atareben, magram gaCnda TviTcenzura. aRniSnuli TviTcenzura moicavs garkveul teritoriebze mogzaurobis akrZalvas, anu, Sen ver exebi garkveul sakiTxebs, radgan koniunqtura gTavazobs imas, razec unda komentirebde, raTa iyo meinstrim kulturis wevri. meinstrimSi moxvedras xom garkveuli wesebi aqvs, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi gvaviwyebs ufro mTavars. me literaturis funqcias vxedav iq, sadac ar aris masmedia. literaturis funqciac xom ararsebulis gamogonebaa, xolo ukve arsebulSi, anu imis garda, rasac vxedavT, literaturam unda eZebos da zedapirze amoitanos is, rac miCqmalulia. Zalian bevri raRac aris dRes, rac ufro met kvlevas da CaRrmavebas imsaxurebs, imitom, rom es Cveni uaxloesi warsulia. Cems wignSi saubari aseve exeba e.w cixis kadrebs. mimaCnia, Cven Tu sworad ar SevafasebT Cvens axlo warsuls, ise veranairi logikuri daskvnis gamotanas ver SevZlebT verc awmyoze da verc momavalze. imisTvis, rom gvqondes miaxloebiTi warmodgena da Sefaseba sakiTxebze, aucilebelia yvelaferi daviwyoT aTvlis wertilidan, aTvlis wertils ki xSirad iseT uxerxul momentebamde mivyavarT, sadac gveubnebian, rom ar aris dro am yvelaferze fiqris, radgan bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani problemebi gvaqvs. viRac xelovani, samwuxarod, eqceva am koniunqturaSi, isev da isev, raRacis dakargvis SiSis gamo. maTTvis mimzidvelia is wre, romelic meamboxe kulturis saxeliT `xelovnur safarze Zovs~ da Tvals xuWavs imaze, razec ar unda xuWavdes.
– ris da vis winaaRmdeg aris Tqveni gzavnilebi?
– pirvel rigSi, es aris socialuri da politikuri uTanasworobis winaaRmdeg. uTanasworobas bevri ganStoeba aqvs, veranair garemos ver SevqmniT, Tu ar iqneba raRacebi yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi. magram, samwuxarod, CvenTan vxedavT Zalian didi ufskruls, ar arsebobs saSualo fena, arsebobs mxolod maRali da udidesad gaRatakebuli fena. ai, am ufskrulis amosavsebad bevri samuSaoa gasawevi, amitomac vcdilob Cemi Semoqmedebac imaze da iqiTken iyos mimarTuli, rac aq da axla xdeba. abstraqciaze metad, konkretikas miviCnev sworad, vfiqrob, abstraqciebis dro wavida, met konkretikas moiTxovs mkiTxveli.
– ar vici, ramdenad dameTanxmebiT, magram TiTqos dRevandel epoqaSi, zRvari moiSala kargs, cudsa da uaress Soris. mkiTxvelisTvis xandaxan bundovania, sad iwyeba da mTavrdeba realoba. rogor fiqrobT, dRes sazogadoeba ramdenad sworad iziarebs imas, rasac literatura gvTavazobs?
– dRevandeli sazogadoebis 80 procents Sia da is fiqrobs, gadarCenaze, Tvlis, epatieba, rom ar calia kulturisa da literaturisTvis. amitomac vTxov kulturas, rom aucileblad am 80 procentze gaakeTos aqcenti. Zalian mniSvnelovania, empaTia gvqondes im Cagruli umravlesobis mimarT da ara Cagruli umciresobis mimarT. CvenTn Cagruli umciresobis mimarT empaTiam gadafara Cagruli umravlesobisadmi empaTia. marTalia, aq zRvari ra saWiroa, Cagruli Cagrulia, empaTia empaTiaa, magram mTeli fokusi gadatanilia araswori mimarTulebiT.
– literatura ramdenad prioritetulia dRes da Tu ar aris, ra unda gaakeTos literaturam imisaTvis, rom ufro meti axalgazrda `wamoagos ankesze~?
– kidev erTxel da xmamaRla vityvi, – rodesac qveyanaSi siRatake da gaWirvebaa, adamianebs masobrivad ver movTxovT wignis kiTxviT dakavdnen, radgan maT dRis wesrigSi sxva gamowvevebi dgas. literatura, kino, kultura zogadad, fufunebis sagania, romliTac siamovneba da tkboba iwyeba mere, rodesac adamianad grZnob Tavs. samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi Rirseulad Tavs sazogadoebis didi procenti ar grZnobs, upirvelesad imitom, rom maT ar Rebuloben iseTebs, rogorebic arian. mudmivad midis qarTvelis gadakeTebis da Seqmnis procesi, magaliTad, is, Tu rogori unda iyos qarTveli Tavisi dasavluri RirebulebebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom aqve arsebobs aRmosavluri Rirebuleba, amitom CemTvis Zalian miuRebelia, rodesac cneba qarTvels vaqcevT erT konkretul mimarTulebad, is swored Tavisi mravalferovnebiT aris mdidari. qarTveli, rogorc evropeli, iseve azielia da CemTvis swored es aris mniSvnelovani, saintereso. mimaCnia, rom Cemi qarTuli enac mniSvnelovania, rom is usqesoa, rac Tavis TavSi Zalian did Tavisuflebas gulisxmobs, Tavisuflebas, romelic kodirebulia qarTvel erSi. sanam socialuri gaWirvebis sakiTxi ar mogvardeba saqarTveloSi, araferi ar mogvardeba, marTalia, raRacebi Seiqmneba, magram es ar iqneba masobrivi da masiurad xelmisawvdomi. Tu Sen ar gaqvs saarsebo minimumi, romelic adamianad gagrZnobinebs Tavs, veranairi galaktionis wakiTxvas ver movTxovT veravis. roca Svils Sia, mSobeli jer cdilobs is gamokvebos, Sesabamisad, wigns, anu literaturas dakarguli aqvs Cvens qveyanaSi prioritetuloba. mTeli saqarTvelo sazRvargareT saSovarzea wasuli, rom Svilebi gamokvebon, amitom am xalxisTvis raRacebis moTxovna araswori mgonia. rac unda wignebi mivawodoT mkiTxvels, Tu is sabaziso problemebi ar mogvardeba, razec visaubre, araferi mogvardeba. mimaCnia, rom adamianebi TviTon mivlen wignTan maSin, roca Cvens qveyanaSi saerTo socialuri garemos minimaluri done mainc aiwevs.
– baTumi TqvenTvis. . .
– baTumSi gazrdili var, TiTqmis, bebias da cxovrobs aq, am qalaqSi bevri naTesavi myavs. Cemi samwerlo biografiis sawyisic baTums ukavSirdeba, roca gamovida Cemi pirveli avadsaxsenebeli wigni `saidumlo siroba~ da mTeli ambavi atyda, baTumi iyo qalaqi, sadac gamoveqeci am qaoss. daaxloebiT 6 Tve viyavi aq da vambobdi, rom viyavi evropaSi. es qalaqi yovelTvis maZlevs saWiro energias ufro metis da sainteresos Sesaqmnelad.
