მურმან ცეცხლაძე: სანქციების მეექვსე ეტაპი დიდი დარტყმა იქნება რუსეთისთვის, მაგრამ უფრო – გრძელვადიან პერიოდში
ლაშა ხომერიკი 593 50 82 69 –
nebismieri qveynisTvis sakmaod arasaxarbieloa dawesebuli sanqciebi, es iqneba ekonomikuri, politikuri Tu samxedro. bunebrivia, sanqciebi gavlenas axdens konkretuli qveynis ekonomikur da politikur mdgomareobaze. bolo xuTi Tvea, ruseTTan mimarTebaSi intensiurad iReben gadawyvetilebebs – aweseben, amkacreben ekonomikur sanqciebs. amis mizani isaa, rom ruseTi daubrundes saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebs, magram. . . dawesebuli sanqciebis miuxedavad, ruseTi kvlav awarmoebs agresiul oms ukrainis winaaRmdeg. am saWirboroto sakiTxebze pasuxi mimdinare politikur movlenaTa kompetentur codnasa da analizs moiTxovs, swored amitom bsu-is profesors, ekonomikis eqspert murman cecxlaZes mivmarTeT.
– batono murman, ruseTisTvis dawesebulma sanqciebma ra Sedegi mogvca moklevadian periodSi da ras unda velodoT samomavlod?
– sanqciebi garkveul zegavlenas rom moaxdenda saqarTvelos ekonomikaze, es cxadi iyo, radgan ruseTi Cveni erT-erTi msxvili savaWro partnioria. saqarTvelos savaWro urTierTobebi akavSirebs daaxloebiT 140 qveyanasTan da 2006 wlamde ruseTi yovelTvis pirvel adgils ikavebda. misi wili dResac sakmaod maRalia: xorbali, fqvili, navTobi, gazi da eleqtroenergia – esaa mcire CamonaTvali erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovani saqonlisa, romelsac saqarTvelo mezoblisgan yidulobs. ruseTi ki Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelosgan yidulobs Rvinos, mineralur wyals, sasoflo-sameurneo produqciasa da feroSenadnobebs. magaliTad, 2021 wels 10,2%-iani wiliT, ruseTi saqarTvelos meore umsxvilesi savaWro partniori iyo TurqeTis Semdeg – masze modioda Cveni qveynis mTliani eqsportis 14,4%. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciis, kerZod, Rvinis 59%, mtknari da mineraluri wylebis 43%, spirtiani sasmelebis 26% swored ruseTSi gaiyida. rusul bazarze qarTuli Rvinis eqsportis maRali damokidebuleba politikuri riskebis matarebelia. 2006 wels ruseTis mxridan qarTuli produqciis boikotirebam, aseve, 2019 wlis 20 ivnisis movlenebis gamo ruseTis dumaSi qarTuli Rvinis importis SezRudvis ganxilvam naTlad aCvena, rom rusul bazarze damokidebuleba saqarTvelos ekonomikuri da politikuri usafrTxoebisTvis seriozuli da realuri gamowvevaa da aucileblad unda moxdes am produqtebis bazrebis diversificireba. eqsport-importis, turizmisa da investiciebis garda, ruseTs dResac didi wili aqvs energoproduqtebis importis nawilSic. aAseve gasaTvaliswinebelia is strategiuli obieqtebi, romlebic gasxvisebulia rusul kompaniebze. didia ruseTis wili fulad gzavnilebSic. 2021 wels igi 17,5% iyo. Tumca, rogorc eqspertebi varaudoben, fulis es nakadebi yvelaze rTulad Casaketi iqneba, radgan ruseTSi momuSave qarTvelebs ZiriTadad, ruseTis moqalaqeobac aqvT da maTi saqmianobis SezRudva naklebad mosalodnelia, magram sanqciebis gamo, ruseTis ekonomikaSi Seqmnili problemebi iq dasaqmebul qarTvelebzec mniSvnelovnad aisaxeba. zogierTi gaTvlebiT, yvelaze mkacri scenaris SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelo ruseTidan maqsimum 1,3 mlrd dolaris wliur Semosavals dakargavs – ufro realuria 2015-2016 wlebis msgavsi scenaris gameoreba – Semosavali rusul bazarze eqsportidan da fuladi gzavnilebidan ganaxevrdeba da saqarTvelo wliurad 500-600 mln dolaris Semosavals dakargavs. Tumca SeiniSneba damaimedebeli tendenciebic, magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom 2022 wlis ianvar-aprilSi ruseTTan eqsporti Semcirda, qveynis eqsportis saerTo moculoba amave periodSi 32,8 procentiT gaizarda. zrda gvaqvs aSS-Si, bulgareTSi, SveicariaSi, TurqeTSi da mezobel qveynebSi. ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqtebia feroSenadnobi, qimiuri mrewvelobis, wiaRiseulis da msubuqi mrewvelobis produqcia, ase rom, es tendencia dadebiTad unda Sefasdes, radgan xdeba diversifikacia rogorc produqciis, ise qveynebis mixedviT.
– aSS-is da evrokavSiris axali sanqciebis siaSi gavleniani oligarqebi, politikosebi, mediasaSualebebia Seyvanili. ramdenad seriozuli dartymaa es ruseTisTvis?
– sazogadod, ekonomikur sanqciebs saomari moqmedebebis alternativad miiCneven. rogorc aSS-is prezidentma 1919 wels Tqva: `gamoiyeneT ekonomikuri, mSvidobiani, Cumi, momakvdinebeli iaraRi da Zalis gamoyeneba saWiro aRar iqneba~. rogorc istoriulma gamocdilebam gviCvena, kargad SeiaraRebuli da SedarebiT Tavdajerebuli qveynebis mimarT sanqciebi naklebad efeqtiani iyo. ruseTis winaaRmdeg sanqciebi jer kidev 2005-2006 wlebSi SemoiRes, rodesac vladimer putinis pirveli vadiT prezidentobisas ruseTi dasavleTTan aqtiur dapirispirebaSi CaerTo. sanqciebi gafarTovda 2012 wels `magnitskis aqtis~ miRebiT. 2014 wels ukrainaSi samxedro agresiis Semdeg, aSS-ma da evrokavSirma yvelaze masStaburi da koordinirebuli sanqciebi dauwesa moskovs da is, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo, mkacrdeboda 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 wlebSi. 2014 wlidan 2021 wlis seqtembramde ruseTTan dakavSirebuli aSS-isa da evrokavSiris sanqciebi 457 fizikur da 561 iuridiul pirze vrceldeboda, magram kremli daTmobaze ar wasula. aRmoCnda, rom ruseTi imaze ukeT ewinaaRmdegeboda sasanqcio zewolas, vidre dasawyisSi varaudobdnen. am faqtma gamoiwvia azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, Tu ramdenad efeqtiania sanqciebi ruseTis mimarT. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo periodSi ganxorcielebulma sanqciebma mniSvnelovani ziani miayena rus oligarqebs, ruseTi daTmobaze arc axla midis, etyoba, man gamoimuSava imuniteti sanqciebisadmi da axerxebs Secvlil viTarebasTan adaptirebas. ra Tqma unda, sanqciebs uSedegod ar Cauvlia. analitikosebis gaTvlebiT, 2022 wlamde dawesebuli sanqciebi yovelwliurad saSualod 50 miliardi dolari ujdeba ruseTs. savaraudod, uaxlesi 10-15 wlis perspeqtivaSi gaizrdeba samecniero-teqnologiuri ufskruli ruseTsa da ganviTarebul samyaros Soris, magram es naklebad aisaxeba rusi oligarqebis simdidreze, radgan bolo wlebSi kremlTan daaxloebulma oligarqebma fsiqologiuri mdgradoba gamoimuSaves, xolo kremlma maTi danakargebis sakompensaciod erTgvari sistema SeimuSava, rac kontrolirebadi biznesebisTvis saxelmwifo kontraqtebis gadacemaSi gamoixateba. ase rom, bolo periodSi dawesebuli sanqciebi, seriozuli dartyma iqneba mTlianad ruseTisaTvis, magram nakleb savaraudoa, igi SeaCeros am sanqciebma.
– rogorc cnobilia, ruseTis bazari gavlenianma mega brendebma datoves. es raze mianiSnebs?
– mokled rom vTqvaT, es niSnavs ruseTis TandaTanobiT Camocilebas civilizebuli samyarosagan.
– risi Tqma SeiZleba sanqciebis pirveli paketis amoqmedebidan?
– misi amoqmedebidanve ruseTSi daiwyo krizisi, rusuli rublis kursi katastrofulad daeca, daixura safondo bazari. iyo molodini, rom safinanso krizisi male gadaizrdeboda ekonomikur krizisSi, magram, SeiZleba iTqvas, ruseTma Tavi gaarTva safinanso kriziss. . . Tumca sanqciebis Sedegebi ruseTisTvis ufro sagrZnobi da mtkivneuli grZelvadian periodSi iqneba.
– Tqveni azriT, eloda kremli am masStabis ekonomikur sanqciebs?
– ver vityodi, rom moskovi moumzadebeli Sexvda im procesebs, rac axla xdeba. vfiqrob, mis qmedebaSi ikveTeba ufro grZelvadiani miznebi, rac gulisxmobs msoflio arqiteqturis cvlilebas. ruseTis xelisuflebam araerTxel ganacxada, rom unda arsebobdes orpolusiani msoflio da etyoba, misken miswrafebis gamoxatulebaa ruseTis xisti politika – mas surs meore polusze lideri TviTon iyos. dRes Riad saubroben, rom ruseTi SeiZleba daubrundes civi omis poziciebs. im dros msoflio, pirobiTad, sam jgufad iyo dayofili. pirveli moicavda aSS-is irgvliv gaerTianebul qveynebs, meore – ssrk-is garSemo gaerTianebulebs, xolo mesame – qveynebs, romlebic buferul rols asrulebdnen, anu pirveli ori jgufis qveynebTan met-naklebad normaluri urTierToba hqondaT. rogorc Cans, msoflio ekonomikis aseTi struqtura isev aRdgeba. dRes arsebuli viTarebidan gamomdinare, msoflio ekonomikis axal arqiteqturaSi qveynebis pirvel jgufSi anu erT polusze moxvdebian isini, romlebic aSS-is mier dawesebul ekonomikur sanqciebs sruladaa mierTebuli; meore jgufSi, uwinares yovlisa, is qveynebi Seva, romlebic evraziuli ekonomikuri kavSiris wevrebi arian, xolo mesame, e. w. buferuli qveynebis jgufi yvelaze naklebadaa mkafio, radgan is moicavs ara marto im qveynebs, romlebic zemoT aRniSnul ekonomikur sanqciebs ar SeuerTdnen (magaliTad, israeli da TurqeTi), aramed iseTebic, romlebic am sanqciebs mxolod nawilobriv iziareben. evrokavSiris qveynebi, romlebic rusul gazs jer kidev yiduloben da iZulebulni arian, es Sesyidva gaagrZelon, momavalSi aucileblad moxvdebian pirvel jgufSi, rogorc ki rusuli gazis realur alternativas moiZieben. evraziuli ekonomikuri kavSiris wevri qveynebi (somxeTi, yazaxeTi da yirgizeTi), belarusis garda, didi albaTobiT, ara meore, aramed mesame jgufSi moxvedras Seecdebian. CineTi da indoeTi formalurad mesame –
e. w. buferuli qveynebis jgufSi Sedian. isini ar uWeren mxars ruseTis winaaRmdeg ekonomikur sanqciebs, Tumca, imavdroulad, naklebad savaraudoa, rom aSS-sa da mis mokavSireebTan urTierTobebis zedmet gamwvavebaze wavidnen, ase rom, ruseTs SesaZloa, aqvs grZelvadiani gegmebis ramdenime varianti da garkveuli gaTvlebi yvelaze cudi scenarisTvisac.
– eqspertebi acxadeben, rom dawesebulma sanqciebma ruseTs miliardobiT dolaris zarali miayena. aqedan gamomdinare, axali, daanonsebuli sanqciebi mis ekonomikas kidev ufro daazaralebs?
– rogorc cnobilia, sanqciebis meeqvse paketi Seexo sxvadasxva produqciis importsa (qvanaxSiris) da eqsports (mowinave naxevargamtarebi, manqanebi da satransporto aRWurviloba), bankebs, transportis seqtors, propagandis gamavrceleblebs. misi amoqmedeba marTlac seriozuli dartyma iqneba ruseTis ekonomikisaTvis. rogorc es paketi iTvaliswinebs, SWIFT-is sistemidan CamoSordeba ruseTis umsxvilesi `sberbanki~, romelsac mTliani sabanko seqtoris daaxloebiT 37% uWiravs. meore seriozuli nabijia rusuli navTobis importis srulad akrZalva – sazRvao gziT da milsadeniT, nedlis Tu gawmendilis. dasavleTi jerjerobiT gamouval mdgomareobaSia da ganagrZobs ruseTis resursebis Sesyidvas. faqtobrivad, oms uwevs sponsorobas, magram sul ufro da ufro naklebad. OPEსვიფთ-is ukanaskneli prognoziT, wlis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis navTobmopoveba daaxloebiT 26 milion tonas dakargavs weliwadSi daaxloebiT 524 milioni tonidan, rasac, Cveulebriv, saSualod moipovebs amJamad. sxva analitikosebis prognozebiT ki es SeiZleba iyos 75 milioni tona. asaxeleben ufro did ricxvebsac. ruseTis energetikis saministros gaTvliT, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ruseTma Tavisi mopovebis 40% dakargos ara 2035 wels, aramed ukve 2023 wels. germaniis mTavrobam, romelic yvelaze metad lobirebda evropaSi rusuli gazis imports, ukve ramdenjerme ganacxada, rom maT ori weli sWirdebaT ruseTis gazze uaris saTqmelad. xolo rusuli navTobis imports 2022 wlis bolomde SeaCerebs. amJamad rusuli navTobis wili germaniis importSi 25%-ia. ukrainaSi ruseTis SeWramde es maCvenebeli 35% iyo, gazis importi ki 55%-dan 40%-mde Semcirda, qvanaxSiris – 50%-dan 25%-mde, Tumca aRsaniSnavia isic, rom sanqciebTan dakavSirebiT evrokavSirSi ar aris sruli Tanxmoba da igi jer kidev ver amoqmedda. erT-erTi mowinaaRmdege ungreTia, romelic CexeTisa da slovakeTis msgavsad, rusul navTobze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli. yoymanobs bulgareTic. navTobze embargos idea ar moswons kviprossac. ungreTi saWiro navTobis 60 %-is, bunebrivi gazis ki 85 %-is imports swored ruseTidan axorcielebs. ungreTi evrokavSiris winadadebaze rusuli navTobis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT, vetos dadebiTac daimuqra. qveynis premier-ministr viqtor orbanis gancxadebiT, rusuli navTobis winaaRmdeg sanqciebis daweseba maTTvis `atomuri bombis~ Camogdebis tolfasia. iaponiac acxadebs, rom mas gauWirdeba, dauyovnebliv dadges sxva qveynebis gverdiT rusul navTobze uaris sakiTxSi. tokio 3,6%-iT aris damokidebuli rusul navTobze da 8,8%-iT – Txevad airze. aprilSi italiam yoveldRiurad daaxloebiT 450,000 bareli navTobi miiRo ruseTidan, rac oTxjer metia Tebervlis monacemebze da 2013 wlis Semdeg dafiqsirebuli yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia. rusuli navTobis importis aseTi mkveTri zrda saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier dawesebul sanqciebTan da maT gauTvaliswinebel gverdiT efeqtebTanaa dakavSirebuli, amitom evrokavSiri iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia da rusuli navTobis dauyovneblivi akrZalvis politika misi importis etapobrivad gauqmebiT Secvala, ase rom, sanqciebis meeqvse paketi didi dartyma iqneba ruseTisaTvis, magram ufro – grZelvadian periodSi, vidre uaxloes droSi.
– sxvaTa Soris, eqspertebi imasac amboben, rom Tu dasavleTi ruseTisgan navTobisa da gazis Sesyidvas SeaCerebs, es uZlieresi dartyma iqneba kremlisTvis.
– Tu moskovi dakargavs dasavleTis bazars, erTaderTi, riTac SeiZleba Caanacvlos, aRmosavleTis, ZiriTadad, CineTis bazaria, CineTi ki Tavad ukarnaxebs Tavis pirobebs, moiTxovs SeRavaTebs, Tu CaTvlis, rom saqoneli Zviria. aseTi ram ukve moxda yirimis aneqsiis Semdeg: manamde CineTs ar surda ruseTis energomatareblebis Sesyidva, magram roca ruseTi sanqciebis qveS aRmoCnda, pekinma kremlTan momgebiani SeTanxmeba gaaforma, riTac ruseTi ara marto ekonomikurad, politikuradac dasustdeba. jerjerobiT, CineTi ruseTis axlo partnioria. axla, roca dasavleTis qveynebma gamoavlines erToba ukrainis mxardaWeraSi, CineTma daiwyo lavireba da Cans, ver gadauwyvetia, saiT wavides: darCes partnioris erTguli, romelsac piroba misca da romlis meoxebiTac ekonomikuri SeRavaTebi naxa omis dawyebis Semdeg, Tu Seecados neitraluri poziciis dakavebas. araerTma Cinurma kompaniam datova ruseTis bazari, magram iq darCa kidev bevri. CineTi ruseTisTvis rCeba partniorad, romlis SuamavlobiTac yidulobs dasavlur saqonels. pekini xedavs, rom ruseTTan TanamSromloba misTvis xelsayrelia. meore mxriv, evrokavSiric mniSvnelovani bazaria CineTisTvis da urTierTobis gafuWeba masTanac ar surs, amitomac uwevs lavireba. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, eqspertebi miiCneven, rom ruseTi gaxdeba am ori qveynis aliansis susti nawili, anu ruseTi ufro gaxdeba CineTze damokidebuli, vidre piriqiT da es ruseTs ufro daasustebs. amgvarad, ruseTma SeiZleba erTbaSad or frontze waagos: evropulzec da aziurzec.
– ruseTis ekonomikas rom mZime dReebi udgas, amas arc rusi ekonomistebi uaryofen. am mxriv ruseTma ra kontrzomebi SeiZleba gamoiyenos dasavleTis sawinaaRmdegod?
– putini ruseTisTvis seriozul problemebs ver xedavs, Tuki evropa masobrivad ityvis uars ruseTis navTobsa da gazze. misi TqmiT, qveyanas aqvs gegma, ra uyos ruseTis energoresursebs. evropam ukve nel-nela daiwyo momWirneoba, meti gaTxevadebuli gazis Sesyidva, anu programa, romelsac iReben ruseTze damokidebulebaze uaris saTqmelad, muSaobs da momavalSi kidev ufro swrafad imuSavebs. evropa Svidi wlis Semdeg ki ar SeZlebs ruseTis gazze uaris Tqmas, aramed oriode wlis Semdeg. ruseTi acxadebs, rom Tu evropa uars ityvis mis gazze, igi aRmosavleTisaken, kerZod, CineTisaken mimarTavs mas, magram aq naklebi perspeqtivaa. magaliTad, saerTaSoriso energetikuli saagentos monacemebiT, 2021 wels evrokavSirma 155 miliardi kuburi metri gazi Seisyida. esaa evropuli gazis importis 45% da gazze moTxovnis 40%. CineTis mimarTulebiT weliwadSi 100 mlrd tona gazis eqsporti rom moxerxdes, amis uzrunvelyofas, eqspertebis gaTvliT, aTi weli dasWirdeba. amasTan, aseTi perspeqtivisagan CineTi, jerjerobiT, Tavs ikavebs. amJamad is ruseTis gazs mcire moculobiT yidulobs, Tanac evropul fasebTan SedarebiT – 10-jer iafad. ruseTi acxadebs, rom, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, gazisagan daamzadeben sxvadasxva samSeneblo masalas, polieTilens, polipropilens da a. S. magram am mimarTulebiTac naklebi perspeqtivaa. ruseTi mimarTavs agreTve dasavleTis sanqciebis sapasuxo sanqciebsac – putinma xeli moawera gankargulebas, romelic krZalavs produqciisa da nedleulis eqsports adamianebsa da subieqtebze, romlebic ruseTis mier sanqcirebulTa siebSi arian. am droisTvis ukve cnobilia, rom `gazpromma~ bulgareTsa da poloneTs gazis miwodeba SeuCera. ruseTma jer kidev yirimis aneqsiis Sedegad dawesebuli ekonomikuri sanqciebis fonze gazarda xorblisa da marcvleulis warmoeba da axla masze modis msoflioSi warmoebuli xorblis 10%, ukrainas msoflioSi xorblis maragis 4% mohyavs, Tumca omis gamo am qveynidan eqsporti Sewyvetilia, ruseTisa da ukrainis xorblis jamuri eqsporti ki msoflios eqsportis TiTqmis meoTxedia, anu, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amJamad ruseTi akontrolebs saeqsporto xorblis msoflio maragis 25%-s da amas is `energetikul omTan~ erTad iyenebs ukve e.w. sasursaTo omSi.
– azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan ruseTisTvis sanqciebis dauweseblobam. . .
– oficialurad, saqarTvelo ar mierTebia ruseTze dawesebul sanqciebs, magram faqtobrivad, asrulebs maT ZiriTad moTxovnebs, raTa ruseTma ar gamoiyenos e. w. Savi xvrelebi masze dawesebul sanqciebze gverdis asavlelad. magaliTad, vmonawileobT yvela saerTaSoriso safinanso sanqciaSi – rusuli viTibiB banki sanqcirebulTa siaSi moxvda, sanqciebi gavrcelda saqarTveloSi moqmed mis filialze – `viTibi banki jorjiazec~ da dolarSi, evroSi, funtsa da sxva ucxour valutebSi gadaricxvebi masac SeezRuda. sabolood, `viTibi banki jorjias~ fizikuri pirebis, meanabreebisa da msesxeblebis momsaxureba `bazisbankis~ xelSi gadavida, xolo mcire da saSualo biznesmeanabreebze da msesxeblebze momsaxureba `liberTi bankma~ gadaibara. erovnuli bankis zedamxedvelobas daqvemdebarebuli yvela finansuri instituti, yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi, valdebulia Seafasos, xom ar aris sanqciebis gverdis avlis mcdeloba da mxolod amis Semdgom ganaxorcielos tranzaqcia. garda amisa, saqarTvelo, faqtobrivad, didwilad mierTebulia dasavleTis mier dawesebul sanqciebs ruseTTan aviamimosvlasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan 2019 wlidan, Tavad ruseTis iniciativiT, aikrZala pirdapiri aviareisebi da mgzavrebis gadayvana mxolod Carteruli da arapirdapiri reisebiT xdeboda. rac Seexeba vaWrobas, TviT evrokavSirs, aSS-sa da did britaneTs ruseTTan vaWroba mniSvnelovanwilad aqvT SezRuduli, magram ara – srulad. evropa am dromde ganagrZobs rusuli energomatareblebis miRebas da, oficialuri statistikiT, navTobis realizaciidan Sesuli Tanxa ramdenime aTeuli procentiTac ki gaizarda gasul welTan SedarebiT. sanqciebis ZiriTadi mizania, erTi mxriv, seriozulad daazianos putinis reJimi, xolo, meore mxriv, ar gamoiwvios krizisi evropaSi da naklebad izaralos Tavad, amitom, am mxriv didi sifrTxile gvmarTebs. sanqciebis dawesebiT teritoriulad umniSvnelo saqarTvelo dakargavs gacilebiT mets, vidre ruseTi. albaT, yvelas gvaxsovs, roca ruseTs saqarTvelos dasja undoda, awesebda embargos Tu sxvadasxva SezRudvas qarTuli produqciis importze. amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswinoT istoriuli gamocdileba, rom ruseTi ekonomikur berketebs yovelTvis gamoiyenebs politikuri miznebis misaRwevad, amitom paralelurad unda vizrunoT rusuli bazrebis evropuli, amerikuli Tu aziuri bazrebiT Canacvlebazec da es exeba ara marto sasaqonlo, aramed kapitalis bazrebsac.
– dabolos, ra gavlena eqneba am omis Sedegs msoflioze da maT Soris, saqarTveloze?
– omis Sedegebi ukve vlindeba msoflioSi fasebis saerTo donis zrdaSi, rac, ZiriTadad, ukavSirdeba msoflio bazarze sasursaTo nedleulis da energomatareblebis fasebis zrdas. fasebis zrda saqarTvelosaTvis, vfiqrob, ufro sagrZnobi iqneba, radgan mogviwevs SedarebiT dabali xarisxis, magram SedarebiT iafi rusuli produqciis Canacvleba ufro Zviri evropuli, an sxva qveynebis produqciiT. amis tendencia ukve SeiniSneba. magaliTad, wliuri inflacia saqarTveloSi 2022 wlis ianvar-martSi iyo 11,8%, inflaciis am doniT saqarTvelo msoflioSi 35-e adgilze iyo 178 qveynidan. yvelaze didi zrda SesaZloa Seexos puris fass, radgan xorblis 90% saqarTveloSi ruseTidan Semodis da sxva qveynebis xorblis Sesyidva mniSvnelovnad gaaZvirebs purs. fasebi moimatebs aseve ukrainidan Semotanil produqciaze – zeTze, cximebze, karaqze da sxva. eqspertebis azriT, agreTve, mosalodnelia investorebis mier investiciebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma Cvens qveyanaSi Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare. gamoTqvamdnen SiSs, rom Semcirdeboda turistebis nakadic, rac erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis. sabednierod, jerjerobiT es ar SeimCneva, Tumca ra iqneba momavalSi, amis winaswar ganWvreta Znelia. amasTan, aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT Cveni qveynisaTvis dadebiTi tendenciebic, rac ruseTisaTvis sanqciebis dawesebam moitana. kerZod, es exeba ukve TiTqmis miviwyebuli Zveli abreSumis gzis saqarTveloSi gamavali ganStoebis aRdgenis ideas. am saqmeSi didia saqarTvelos meore prezidentis eduard SevardnaZis roli. dasavleTs ar sWirdeboda, rom ruseTi yofiliyo aziis evropasTan damakavSirebeli gzis monopolisti. amitom aitaca es idea da Seiqmna trasekas proeqti – saqarTvelom SeiZina satransporto derefnis funqcia. moxerxda milsadenebis gayvana da rkinigzis xazis dasruleba, romelic TurqeTs saqarTvelos gavliT akavSirebda azerbaijanTan. Tumca mas Semdeg saqarTvelo yovelTvis warmatebulad ver iyenebda am satransporto funqciis SesaZleblobebs. amJamad ukrainaSi omis gamo geopolitikuri viTarebac Secvlilia da dasavleTsac Zalian sWirdeba aziasTan ruseTis gareSe dakavSireba. gaizarda kidec tvirTnakadebi, magram saqarTvelos satransporto infrastruqtura ver pasuxobs drois gamowvevebs. trasekas proeqtis mizani, Tavdapirvelad, evropis dakavSireba iyo centraluri aziis qveynebTan, mogvianebiT amaSi CineTic CaerTo. 2014-2015 wlebSi misgan wamovida iniciativa `erTi gza – erTi sartyeli~, romelic globaluri proeqtia da saubaria ara marto satransporto derefanze, aramed imaze, rom mTlianad am ekonomikur derefanSi unda moxdes warmoebaca da transportirebac, rac, Tavis mxriv, am satransporto derefanSi moxvedrili yvela qveynis interesSia. ukrainaSi mimdinare omma bevri ram sxvanairad daalaga – ruseTis satransporto derefani jerovnad veRar muSaobs da CineTma gadawyvita tvirTebis sazRvao transportiT gadatana. Sesabamisad, gviCndeba Sansi, davainteresoT Cinuri kompaniebi, rom transportireba moaxdinon saqarTvelos gavliT, rac saqarTvelos satransporto derefans gaaZlierebs. am etapze amis gakeTeba anakliis portis gareSec SeiZleba, xolo Tu tvirTebis nakadi gaizrdeba, maSin anakliis proeqti ufro realisturi gaxdeba. yazaxeTma ukve gadawyvita saqarTvelos gavliT navTobis transportireba gazardos. dRes Zalian didi resursi arsebobs imisa, rom saqarTvelo gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc sahaero-satransporto habi da amas Cveni Zalisxmeva sWirdeba. saqarTvelos aqvs Tavisufali vaWrobis SeTanxmeba rogorc evrokavSirTan, aseve CineTTan da geografiuladac am or did ekonomikur sivrces Sorisaa, esec seriozul perspeqtivebs Seuqmnis Cvens qveyanas. SeiZleba dRis wesrigSi dadges `nabuqos~ aRdgenis sakiTxic, romelic rom ar Cavardniliyo, dRes evrokavSirs eqneboda ruseTis alternatiuli gazsadeni, ase rom, sirTuleebTan erTad ikveTeba damaimedebeli grZelvadiani perspeqtivebic. optimisturi iyo ekonomikis ministris daviTaSvilis gamosvla parlamentis winaSe, sadac Tqva, rom mTavrobas aqvs gegmebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs eqsportis zrdas, turistuli nakadebis mozidvas, siRaribis donis Semcirebas, meti samuSao adgilis Seqmnas, ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorSi konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebaze xelSewyobas da sxva. energodamoukideblobis da usafrTxoebis kuTxiT, saxelmwifos eqneba energoproeqtebis mxardaWeris gaumjobesebis axali, fiskalurad mdgradi meqanizmebi, romelic SeTanxmebuli iqneba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan. SemuSavdeba ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis mxardaWeris axali meqanizmi, romelsac SevTavazebT kerZo investorebs, raTa ganaxlebad energiebSi meti investicia movizidoT, gavzardoT Cveni energodamoukidebloba. ekonomikis ministris informaciiT, qveynis energodamoukideblobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawili iqneba e. w. flagmanuri – Savi zRvis wyalqveSa gadamcemi kabelis proeqti, romelic gulisxmobs saqarTvelos da rumineTis eleqtrosistemebis damakavSirebeli kabelis mSeneblobas, ase rom, safrTxeebi arsebobs, magram gvaqvs damaimedebeli tendenciebica da prognozebic.
