მოზარდობის ყოველი ეტაპი სხვადასხვა მახასიათებლით გამოირჩევა
ნაირა ფუტკარაძე 27 48 93 –
agresiuli qceva mozardebSi asaxavs Cveni sazogadoebis erT-erT mwvave fsiqologiur da socialur problemas, romelic mTlianobaSi, gavlenas axdens sazogadoebaze, maswavleblebze, mSoblebze, iqcevs mkvlevarTa yuradRebas da, amave dros, Tavad axalgazrda Taoba mas pirvel rigSi ganicdis. es aris udidesi problema, romelzec saWiroa saubari da gamosavlis povna. am mniSvnelovan Temaze vesaubreT saqarTvelos geStaltTerapevtTa erovnuli asociaciis wevrs, fsiqologs, bavSvTa da mozardTa fsiqoTerapevts, artTerapevts, irma xviCias reabilitaciis centris geStaltTerapevts zaira nadiraSvils. man detalurad ganixila aRniSnuli sakiTxi da ufro konkretulad Cagvaxeda am problemis siRrmeebSi.
– qalbatono zaira, bavSvobidan mozrdilobaSi gadasvlis procesi, rogorc wesi, mZafrad da zogjer dramatuladac mimdinareobs. ra SeiZleba iwvevdes mozardebSi agresias?
– yoveli adamiani gaivlis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etaps. yvela etapi mniSvnelovania da sirTuleebTan dakavSirebuli, yalibdeba pirovneba, Tumca yvelaze rTul periodad mainc mozardobis asakia, egreT wodebuli pubertati, romelic mozardebSi sakmaod rTuli procesia. am dros xdeba sakuTari Tavis Zieba, kiTxvebis dasma, gancda, emociuri reagireba, iwyeben Tavis damkvidrebas, rac zogjer Zalian mtkivneuli aris xolme, faqtiurad xdeba fsiqikis, organizmis, msoflmxedvelobis da faseulobaTa sistemis gaoreba-gadafaseba. amitomac aris rTuli, roca mozardi uaxlovdeba pubertul asaks, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia hormonebis gaZlierebuli gamoyofa, sasqeso niSnebis ganviTareba, uamravi kiTxva, dabneuloba, cru da realuri informaciis Segroveba, sqesobrivi cnobismoyvareoba, sakuTari sxeulis Seswavla, mtkivneuli reagireba garegnul formebTan dakavSirebiT, mSobelTan kontaqtis Sesusteba, maTTvis Tavis arideba, mudmivi kamaTi, gulCaTxrobiloba, damoukideblobis mopovebisken swrafva. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swored am periodSi swavloben wesebis da SezRudvebis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebas.
– arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom agresia im bavSvebSi ikveTeba, romlebic mSoblebisgan ganicdian Cagvras, ras fiqrobT?
– ra Tqma unda, kognituri Tu pirovnuli ganviTarebisTvis udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba mSobels. gardatexis asakSi mSoblis mxridan bavSvis daCagvris faqtebi praqtikaSi mqonia. SeiZleba iTqvas, bavSvis Camoyalibeba xdeba mSobelTan urTierTobisas, amitom arsebiTad mniSvnelovania, Tu rogori urTierToba aqvs mozards da mSobels. ZiriTadad, mSoblebi iyeneben sam klasikur meTods aRzrdaSi, esenia: direqtiuli, indiferentuli da demokratiuli. pirveli xasiaTdeba maRali moTxovnebiT bavSvis mimarT, magram naklebi yuradRebiT misi saWiroebebisadmi, rac, dameTanxmebiT, rom ar aris swori meTodi. indiferentuli aRzrdis stili aris susti kontrolisa da emociuri ugulebelyofis Sexameba. aseT ojaxSi gazrdili bavSvisTvis damaxasiaTebelia dabali TviTSefaseba, antisocialuri qcevisken midrekileba, sirTuleebi swavlaSi da bevri sxva problema, romelic Tanmdevia am yvelaferTan erTad. yvelaze kargia liberaluri aRzrdis stili, romelic gulisxmobs Tbil damokidebulebas Svilis mimarT. ojaxuri ganaTlebis es stili udides efeqts iZleva bavSvebSi Segnebuli disciplinis CamoyalibebaSi, ojaxuri saqmeebisadmi da maT irgvliv ganviTarebuli movlenebisadmi interesis gaRvivebaSi. TandaTan bavSvebs uviTardebaT iniciativa da SemoqmedebiTi midgoma dakisrebuli davalebis mimarT. aseT ojaxebSi sasjeli, rogorc wesi, ar gamoiyeneba, sakmarisia mSoblebis sayveduri an ganawyeneba. mSoblebma miuxedavad imisa, rom mozardebTan urTierToba Zalian rTulia, SeuZlebeli unda SeZlon. xeli unda Seuwyon maT mcdelobebs, moipovon damoukidebloba da Camoyalibdnen pirovnebebad. amave dros ar unda SeexoT bavSvis Tavmoyvareobas, radgan maTTvis rTulia aRiaron, rom zogi ram martos ar gamosdiT.
– albaT, axals arafers vityvi, Tu aRvniSnav, rom CvenTan eridebian bavSvebis dasaxmareblad fsiqologebis CarTvas. ra ganapirobebs maT aseT qmedebas?
– geTanxmebiT. aris mSoblebis mxridan aracnobieri SiSi, magram wina wlebTan SedarebiT aris win gadadgmuli nabijebi da bolo dros sul ufro da ufro aqtualuri gaxda da gamoikveTa fsiqologis roli bavSvis aRzrdisa Tu ganviTarebis sakiTxSi, Sesabamisad, bevri aRiarebs fsiqologis daxmarebis aucileblobas. rac ufro meti adamiani mimarTavs fsiqologs daxmarebisTvis, miT ufro mSvidi da emociurad usafrTxo sacxovrebeli garemo Seiqmneba TiToeuli CvenganisaTvis. minda vTqva, rom fsiqologTan misvlis kultura nel-nela inergeba. mSoblebi dRes bevrad met yuradRebas aqceven bavSvis aRzrdis dros fsiqologiur sakiTxebs, vidre wlebis win, rac Zalian kargia, magram ar aris sakmarisi. dRes emociebze da bavSvobaze, rogorc adamianis Camoyalibebis umniSvnelovanes fazaze, sazogadoebam bevrad meti icis, Sesabamisad, yuradRebac metad eqceva mSoblebis mxridan. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom xSirad me, rogorc fsiqologi, vimyofebi klasikur samkuTxedSi – mSoblis `SekveTa~, mozardis moTxovnebi da Cemi, rogorc fsiqologis pozicia. xSirad meubneba mSobeli, `Tqveni imedi maqvs~, rac Zalian didi pasuxismgeblobaa CemTvis da vcdilob, mSobels avuxsna, rom me var moderatori da adamiani, romelic iqneba maregulirebeli konkretul urTierTobaSi.
– ramdeni SemTxveva yofila Tqvens praqtikaSi, roca mSoblebs mouyvaniaT am problemis mogvarebis mizniT bavSvebi? mSoblebi ramdenad komunikabeluri arian am mxriv?
– Cems praqtikaSi Zalian xSirad mSobeli mommarTavs qceviTi darRvevebis problemiT an iseT safexurze yofnisas, rodesac mSobeli veRar umkvlavdeba arsebul mdgomareobas. yvela asakobriv safexurze sxvadasxva problemebi ikveTeba. aris ekrandamokidebuli bavSvi, romelic imyofeba arasasurvel velSi. me yoveldRiur reJimSi vmuSaob aseT darRvevebTan. xSirad Civian mSoblebi bavSvebis gaugonrobaze, sijiuteze, agresiulobaze, kvebasTan dakavSirebul problemebze, aseve, maT aqtiur an pasiur qcevaze socialur garemoSi, ojaxis axali wevris, dedmamiSvilis mimarT damokidebulebaze, problemebze skolaSi da a.S.
– arsebobs Tu ara genderuli gansxvavebebi agresiuli qcevis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT?
– agresiulobis TvalsazrisiT, sqesTa Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba ar fiqsirdeba. idea, rom agresiuloba adamianis bunebaSia, sakmaod popularulia. piradad vityvi, rom agresias ar gaaCnia genderi. cxadi xdeba, rom yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi sityva `agresiiT~ aRvniSnavT qcevaTa farTo speqtrs da is Tavs iCens genderuli gansxvavebebis gareSe. samwuxarod, agresia da Zaladobis siWarbe Tanamedrove sazogadoebis gamowvevad iqca. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi gavrcelebuli da kompleqsuri problemaa, misi Tavidan acileba, Semcireba da masze adekvaturi reagireba SesaZlebelia. saukeTeso gamosavali ki ara dasja da post-faqtum moqmedebaa, aramed prevencia gaazrebiTa da bevri sxvadasxva sakiTxis gacnobierebiT unda moxdes.
– ojaxis arasaxarbielo ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da daZabuli colqmruli urTierToba ramdenad ganapirobebs bavSvebSi agresiis gamovlinebas?
– bavSvisTvis aucilebelia saTanado garemo. ojaxi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs pirovnebis ganviTarebisa da formulirebis procesSi. maszea damokidebuli, Tu rogor warimarTeba bavSvis fizikuri, emociuri, inteleqtualuri Tu socialuri ganviTareba mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. mSoblebis urTierTdamokidebuleba da Sefasebebi gansazRvravs daculobisa da usafrTxoebis gancdas, moralur mxardaWeras, bavSvSi stabiluri, adekvaturi TviTSefasebis Camoyalibebas, avtonomiurobis, iniciativis, Sromismoyvareobis, pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas. amgvarad, ojaxi da ojaxis yoveli wevris, gansakuTrebiT ki mSoblis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi da RirebulebaTa sistema asrulebs umniSvnelovanes rols adamianis pirovnebad Camoyalibebis procesSi. ded-mamas Soris urTierToba da maTi zneobrivi done iseTi faqtia, romelic yvelaze metad moqmedebs mozardis Camoyalibebaze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mSoblebi TavianTi saqcieliT bavSvis gonebaSi toveben kvals, rogorc upasuxismgeblo adamianebi, matyuarebi, misi cnobierebidan am kvalis amoSla Zalian Znelia, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki sruliad SeuZlebelic. amis gamo mSobeli valdebulia, usazRvro siTbosa da siyvarulTan erTad, bavSvs kargi adamianobis magaliTic uCvenos, radgan mSobeli SvilisTvis garkveul asakamde avtoritetia da baZavs mis yvela qmedebas. ase rom, Tavad mSobelma unda gadawyvitos, sakuTari Svilis cxovrebaSi igi gmiri iqneba, Tu antigmiri. uyuradRebod ar daitoveba iseTi sakiTxi, rogoricaa arasaxarbielo ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, romelzec uamravi ram aris damyarebuli da Zalian xSirad swored is iwvevs daZabulobas. mxolod Semdeg moyveba amas ojaxuri idiliis ngreva da uxeSad rom vTqvaT, msxverpli, roca am darRveul idiliaSi bavSvi-mozardi figurirebs.
– Tu aris aRricxuli Cvens qveyanaSi mozardebSi agresiis ra procentuli maCvenebelia?
– agresiuli qcevis saxeebsa da mis gamomwvev mizezebze Zalian bevri kvlevaa Catarebuli. statistikurad, agresiuloba sWarbobs skolebSi, es aris is socialuri garemo, sadac xSirad aris bulingi.
– ra rCevebs miscemdiT mSoblebs, rogor unda moiqcnen msgavsi problemebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi?
– pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania mSobelma sakuTari Svili pozitiuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT aRzardos. mozardTan saubrisas akontrolos sakuTari metyveleba da emociebi. moeridos brZanebis, muqarisa da braldebis gamoyenebas. yuradRebas mxolod uaryofiT mxareebze nu gaamaxvilebs, aucileblad Seaqos da moiwonos mozardis kargi saqcieli. mozardebTan urTierTobisas yvelas Tavisi wili udidesi pasuxismgebloba akisria. mSoblebTan erTad, aucileblad unda gamovyoT pedagogis rolic maT cxovrebaSi. getyviT magaliTs: Terapiis kurss gavdivar gogonasTan, romelsac aqvs mZime fsiqologiuri travma miRebuli pedagogisgan, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi abulingebda mas. Sedegad gogonas aqvs logonervozi da metyvelebis rTuli darRveva. pedagogebs movuwodeb, gaiTavison TavianTi roli mozardTa cxovrebaSi da udidesi pasuxismgeblobiT moekidon am sakiTxs.
