როგორ ჩავრთოთ მოსწავლეები საგაკვეთილო პროცესში?მოტივაციის ამაღლება – დღევანდელობის გამოწვევა
ლაშა ხომერიკი 593 50 82 69
literaturis swavlebas rom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs moswavlis swavla-aRzrdaSi, sakamaTo rodia. sulis zrda, pirovnebis Camoyalibeba swored rom Rirebuli literaturuli nawarmoebis gacnobiT iwyeba, romlis safuZveli xarisxiani saxelmZRvaneloa… rogori literaturuli saxelmZRvaneloa ukeTesi, raTa pedagogma dasaxul mizans miaRwios, gaaumjobesos moswavlis esTetikuri aRqmis unari da mxatvruli gemovneba? am kiTxvaze yvelaze ukeT praqtikosi pedagogebi upasuxeben. amjerad qobuleTis sajaro skolis qarTuli enisa da literaturis wamyvan maswavlebel (direqtoris moadgile saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiT dargSi) medea kalandariSvils mivmarTeT.
– qalbatono medea, 48 welia pedagogi xarT, ganvlil gzaze gviambeT.
– 1974 wlidan vmuSaob qaquTis sajaro skolaSi, maSin 21 wlis viyavi, jer kidev studenti. ase mgonia, swrafad gavida 48 weli, ukan moxedvis droc ki ar mqonda. cxovrebis gzaze iyo miRwevebic, problemebic, magram ara sinanuli arCeuli gzisa. sagnis codna da bavSvebis siyvaruli mexmareboda, winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad, moswavleTaTvis sasurvel pedagogad davrCeniliyavi. moswavleebi maZlevdnen Zalas, rom cxovrebiseuli tkivilebisTvis gameZlo, Tundac im didi tragediis Semdeg, roca sicocxlem azri dakarga da droc gaCerda CemTvis, gadavrCeniliyavi rogorc adamiani da rogorc maswavlebeli (9 wlis Svili damexrCo mdinareSi)… literatura yovelTvis mexmareboda, swori analizi da Sefaseba gamekeTebina da cxovreba gamegrZelebina. me es SevZeli. vcdilob, ise vaswavlo Cems moswavleebs, rom marcxisa da gamarjvebisTvis Tanabrad moemzadon. arc marcxs unda SeuSindnen da arc gamarjvebis xiblSi Cavardnen, radgan cxovreba cvalebadia.
– mSobliuri literaturis kargad swavla siyvarulis unars aZlierebs da akeTilSobilebs mozards, es aqsiomaa, magram swored aq iCens Tavs problema – saswavlo masalis xarisxi.
– sruliad veTanxmebi guram doCanaSvils, rom `yoveli normaluri moTxrobis wakiTxvis Semdeg xdebi ufro ukeTesi, vidre xar~ . . . da literatura rom akeTilSobilebs adamians da, miT umetes, mozards, amaze aravin davobs, Tumca es imis uflebas aravis aZlevs, saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebSi `yvelaferi~ CavdoT da Semdeg `araferi~ miviRoT. sabednierod, ar gvaqvs Rirebuli nawarmoebis simcire, magram ukeTesi iqneba, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebma kargad gaiTvaliswinon moswavleTa asakobrivi interesebi da SesaZleblobebi. saxelmZRvanelo, Cemi azriT, saSualo moswrebis moswavleze unda iyos gaTvlili (maRali moswrebis bavSvebi klasgareSe literaturasac kiTxuloben). kargia, rom erTsa imave problemas sxvadasxva kulturebSi ecnobian, magram aqac balansi unda iyos daculi (arc is mimaCnia sworad, sazRvargareTis literaturis nimuSiT iwyebodes saxelmZRvanelo). arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs teqstebis sworad SerCevas, romlebic dasaxul miznebs kargad unda ergebodes. da mainc, mgonia, rom teqstis mxatvruli Rirebulebis aRqma unda vaswavloT bavSvebs, rameTu literatura, pirvel rigSi, sulieri sazrdoa.
– ra xerxebs iyenebT gakveTilebze moswavleTa CarTulobisa da motiviciis asamaRleblad?
– maRali motivaciis gareSe sasurvel Sedegze rom ver gavalT, es yvelam icis. ai, motivaciis amaRleba namdvilad aris dRevandelobis gamowveva. ioli araa dRevandeli epoqis moswavlis daintereseba. amas informaciis miwodebiT ver SeZleb, radgan is Cvenze ukeT moiZiebs informacias. cxadia, motivacias win uZRvis ganwyobis Seqmna. rogorc Jurnalistebs uyvarT xolme, xandaxan kiTxva ise unda dasva, `intriga~ Caagdo, frCxili ar unda gaxsna. bavSvebs uyvarT aRmoCenebi, amisTvis isini imuSaveben da Tavad ipovnian pasuxs. provocireba mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, yofila SemTxveva, roca gakveTili arasagakveTilo leqsis striqonebiT damiwyia. `qari hqris, qari hqris, qari hqris~ . . . an `Tqvi, arjakelo, xviara~ . . . diax, umjobesia, bavSvebis yuradReba Sens xelSi iyos, vidre rCeviT, TxovniT miiqcio maTi yuradReba da mogisminon (zogjer romantizmi ganwyobaze kargad muSaobs, magram amisTvis yovelTvis leqsi ar gamodgeba). saWiroa, kargad icnobde Sens moswavleebs, keTilganwyobili urTierToba gqondes maTTan. tyuilad ki ar gvaswavlis rusTaveli, rasaca gascem Seniao. asea, mousmen – mogismens, Seiyvareb – Segiyvarebs, pativiscemiT moepyrobi, imaves daimsaxureb. maswavlebels da ara mxolod maswavlebels, yvelas unda SeeZlos bavSvis pirovnebad aRzrda.
– Tqvens moswavleebs rogor aqvT ganviTarebuli pirovnuli da socialuri unarebi?
– moswavleTa pirovnuli da socialuri unarebis ganviTarebiT xdeba maTi momzadeba sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad. ra Tqma unda, amis safuZveli yovel gakveTilze iyreba, roca iseT pirovnul socialur Tvisebebs iZens, rogorebicaa mimtevebloba, samarTlianoba, TanagrZnoba, sxvisi azris pativiscema, sakuTari Rirsebis SegrZneba da sxva, magram sagakveTilo dro arasakmarisia amisTvis. amitom me yovelTvis mivmarTavdi araformalur ganaTlebas. sakmaod didi gamocdileba maqvs saklubo da sawreo muSaobaSi. vxelmZRvanelobdi literaturul klub `aiss~, literaturul kinoklub `natvris xes~. pandemiis periodSi ori weli Sewyda muSaoba da aman cudi gavlena iqonia moswavleTa mravalmxrivi unarebis ganviTarebaze. wels ukve CamovayalibeT klubi `karcer-luqsi~ da SevudeqiT muSaobasac. klasgareSe aqtivobebiT kidev ufro izrdeba moswavleTa motivacia. saerTod, Cveni skola yovelTvis aqtiurad iyo CarTuli moswavleTaTvis araformaluri ganaTlebis micemaSi.
– saaRmzrdelo procesSi mniSvnelovania moswavleebTan swori, gonivruli, miukerZoebeli damokidebuleba, am kuTxiT Tqveni gamocdileba gagvacaniT.
– moswavleTa swavleba da aRzrda ganuyofeli procesia. maswavlebeli xSirad xdeba moswavleTa qcevis nimuSadac ki. amitom valdebulia, Tavisi qceva akontrolos. saSinelebaa, roca aswavlis erTs da aCvenebs meores. moswavle maswavlebels arasdros apatiebs usamarTlobas, subieqturobas. Tavad unda iyo metri Rirseuli adamianobisa, rom SeZlo samarTliani, pasuxismgebliani pirovnebis aRzrda, an Tu Secdoma dauSvi, misi aRiareba SegeZlos, bodiSis moxdac. swored esaa magaliTi moswavlisaTvis, aseT maswavlebels aRiarebs moswavle. maqsimalurad vcdilob, davicva es normebi.
– mravali Taobis aRmzrdeli xarT. axlandeli rogoria? Tqveni azriT, maTTvis ra aris upiratesi?
– rogorc yvela Tobas, aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi, Tumca yvelaferze maRla is dgas, rom is momavali Taobaa, romelsac unda gadavabaroT yvelaferi, rac ver SevqmeniT da rac ver gavakeTeT. ar SeiZleba Sens momavals sayvedurobde, miT umetes, Tu xedav, rom imaze Zlieri, Wkviani da mizandasaxulia, vidre Sen iyavi maT asakSi. ra SegviZlia? Cveni gamocdileba gavuziaroT, rCeva mivceT da ara davavaldebuloT, sanimuSo tradicebze vesaubroT, saamayo rac gvaqvs, kargad avuxsnaT. nurc imas davumalavT, rac ver gavakeTeT, rac gavafuWeT, ra problemebsac vutovebT gadasaWrelad. mxolod maSin gvendobian da gaiTvaliswineben Cvens rCevebsac da Secdomebsac.
– cifruli epoqa mravali gamowvevis winaSe ayenebs adamians da axalgazrdebi problemebs kargad rom gaumklavdnen, upirvelesad, ra aris sazrunavi da mosagvarebeli?
– im mravalricxovan sikeTesTan erTad, rac cifruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebas moaqvs, Cemi azriT, arsebobs saSiSroebac. vfiqrob, SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianTa Soris gaucxoeba, empaTia, grZnobebis Sesusteba, bunebrivi silamazis aRqmis unaris dakargva, siyvarulis gaufasureba, mokled, `robotuli~ cxovreba. cxovreba rom mSvenieri iyos, adamiani, pirvel rigSi, adamianad unda darCes. grZnobdes `adamianad yofnis sevdis~ mSvenierebas, silamazes, siyvaruls, oRond realurad da ara kompiuteriT, amisaTvis ki erT-erTi `wamali~ literaturaa xelovnebis sxva dargebTan erTad. mimaCnia, rom wignis kiTxvas Tavisi gansakuTrebuli adgili sWirdeba, raTa igi kompiuterma ar `SeWamos~.
– vin aris mwerali, romelsac yvelaze xSirad citirebT gakveTilze, vinc xels giwyobT da gexmarebaT, rom moswavleTa gulis karebi SeaRoT?
– Znelia, filologi erT an or mwerals citirebdes. gaaCnia Temas, problemas. yvelas Tavisi adgili uWiravs, Sesaferi, magram mainc ver gaveqcevi aRiarebas, rom rusTaveli yvela sakiTxs Tu dros exeba da misi citireba yvelaze metad miwevs. sxvanairad SeuZlebelia.
– Tqveni azriT, rogoria amJamindeli literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebi, ris damateba an, piriqiT, amoReba gaaumjobesebda maT?
– saxelmZRvaneloebis problemebze zemoT visaubre, Tumca konkretulad, saSualo safexurze ufroa gadasaxedi saxelmZRvaneloSi Setanili masala. miWirs amaze saubari, radgan CemTvis ori gansakuTrebuli nawarmoebis amoReba mimaCnia marTebulad. esenia `didostatis marjvena~ da `jayos xiznebi~. cxadia, maTi tolfasi nawarmoebiT Secvla ioli ar iqneba, magram am zomis teqstebis me-12 klasSi swavleba ararealuria. mizezi bevria, moswavleebic rom srulad eswrebodnen gakveTilebs, mainc gaWirdeba maTi damuSaveba-Seswavla. umetesad am amocanis Sesrulebas, samwuxarod, ewireba sazRvargareTis literatura. aris sxva problemebic, romlebzec, imedia, ifiqreben, visac xelewifeba maTi cvlileba.
– ras etyodiT Cvens mkiTxvels?
– minda, yvelas, vinc am intervius kiTxulobs, madloba gadavuxado, warmatebebi vusurvo da vTxovo: daafaseT maswavlebeli, nu gaxdiT mas Tavdasxmis obieqtad, daexmareT, gverdiT daudeqiT umniSvnelovanesi misiis SesrulebaSi.
