როგორ დავარწმუნოთ მოქალაქეები მედიაციის საჭიროებაში?
mediacia rom davis gadawyvetis alternatiuli meTodia, romlis saSualebiTac ori an ramdenime mxare mediatoris daxmarebiT cdilobs davis urTierTSeTanxmebiT dasrulebas, dRes, sabednierod, sul ufro metma moqalaqem icis.
Tavad mediatori neitraluri piria, romelic mxareebs maTi interesebis gamovlenasa da sadavo sakiTxze SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi exmareba. amave dros igi xels uwyobs mxareTa Soris konstruqciul komunikacias da SeTanxmebamde misvlisTvis xelsayrel garemos qmnis.
mediaciis procesi mxareebs exmareba, rom sadavo sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva xedvebi gaaanalizon da iseT gamosavalamde mividnen, romelic TiToeuli mxarisTvis misaRebia. amitomaa, rom mediaciis pirobebSi aravinaa damarcxebuli, yvela mxare gamarjvebulia. sasamarTlosa da arbitraJisgan gansxvavebiT, mediaciis procesSi gadawyvetilebas Tavad mxareebi iReben. ufro metic, mediaciis procesi mxareTa procesia da srulad aris morgebuli mxareTa saWiroebebze. aranakleb saSuria isic, rom SeTanxmeba, romliTac konfliqti srulad an nawilobriv mTavrdeba, miRweulia swrafad da naklebi danaxarjebiT.
samediacio SeTanxmeba unda Sesruldes nebayoflobiT an savaldebulo aRsrulebis wesiT, xolo Tu mediacia warumateblad dasrulda, mxareebs SeuZliaT dava sasamarTlosa an arbitraJSi gaagrZelon.
es aris Zalian mokle ganmarteba am friad sasargeblo procesisa, romlis danergva Cvens sinamdvileSi did sikeTes mogvitans. swored amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania, masze rac SeiZleba meti informacia mivawodoT mkiTxvels.
dRes Cven amaSi holandieli eqsperti, niderlandebis biznes-akademiis reqtori, saerTaSoriso mediatorTa reestris Tavmjdomare ian van cviteni dagvexmareba, romelic mediaciis ganviTarebis perspeqtivaze gvesaubreba.
– mediacia sul ufro da ufro cnobili xdeba. aRmosavleT evropis, evraziisa da aziis bevri qveyana axla iRebs kanons mediaciis Sesaxeb. am qveynebis umetesobaSi mediatorebi TviTonve wevriandebian asociaciaSi. ase rom, rogorc Cans, mediaciis warmatebis yvela komponenti saxezea.
– ra SegviZlia gaviziaroT im qveynebis gamocdilebidan, sadac mediacia ganviTarda?
– unda ganvixiloT SesaZlo xarvezebi, gavaanalizoT, rogor viswavloT sxvaTa gamocdilebidan. es sulac ar aris miuRebeli, Tumca mxolod erTxel arsebobs pirveli SesaZlebloba. ubralod, es unikaluri SesaZlebloba Zalian seriozulad unda gaviTavisoT. Tu swor arCevans ar gavakeTebT, didi dro dasWirdeba, mis amuSavebas (Tu odesme imuSavebs)! evropaSi niderlandebi yvelaze warmatebulia mediaciis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. aqaur sazogadoebaSi zogadad, miRebulia iuristebisa da sasamarTloebis mier. maS, ra SegviZlia viswavloT misgan? Cven SevimuSaveT 10 oqros wesi mediaciis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisTvis.
– mediaciis ganviTareba…
– ukve gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebis dasawyisSi zogierT qveyanaSi (magaliTad, aSS-sa da samxreT afrikaSi) mediacias oficialuri statusi hqonda, oTxmocdaaTian wlebSi ki igi dasavleT evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi gaCnda. 1996 wels holandiam daaarsa `niderlandebis mediaciis instituti~. es iyo kerZo struqtura. im dros am mxriv kanonmdebloba arc ganixileboda. evropaSi diskusia daiwyo daaxloebiT 1998 wels da Sedegad, 2009 wels, miiRes oficialuri direqtiva mediaciis Sesaxeb. holandiam pirveli kanoni 2009 wels miiRo. es kanoni sakmaod zogadia da ra Tqma unda, masSi ar igulisxmeba raime valdebuleba mediaciis Sesaxeb. ase rom, magaliTad, italiasTan (da axla saberZneTTan) SedarebiT kanoni mediatorebs didad ar exmareba. italiasa da saberZneTSi mediatoroba savaldebuloa sasamarTlomde misvlamde. Tumca, es sabolood mainc ar aris imis maCvenebeli, Tu ramdenad imuSavebs mediatoroba. mTavari isaa, rom igi sasamarTlos seriozul alternativad miiRon adamianebma, institutebma, organizaciebma, masTan dakavSirebuli profesiebis (iuristebi, fsiqologebi, buRaltrebi) warmomadgenlebma da mTavrobam.
– maS, rogori iyo procesi niderlandebSi?
– TiTqmis 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi iniciativa modioda mediatorebisgan. pirveli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mxolod ramdenime enTuziazmiT aRsavse pioneri iyo. ra Tqma unda, bevri gansxvavebuli azri fiqsirdeboda, romlebic erTmaneTTan sruliad SeuTavsebeli iyo, Tumca eqsperimentebisTvis dro hqondaT. mediacia hgavda bavSvs, romelsac gazrdisTvis dro sWirdeboda. bavSvebis msgavsad es pionerebic uSvebdnen Secdomebs da swavlobdnen daRvinebis procesSi. amJamad daaxloebiT 3 000 registrirebuli aqtiuri mediatori, daaxloebiT 200 000 oficialuri da ufro meti araoficialuri mediacia fiqsirdeba. garda amisa, arsebobs daaxloebiT 30000 adamiani, romlebic miyvebian mediaciis kurss da iyeneben mis unarebs yoveldRiur muSaobaSi. maT Soris arian mosamarTleebi, merebi, Hmenejerebi, finansuri specialistebi da a.S. maS, ramdenad gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa am mxriv yvela im qveyanaSi, romelsac ar aqvs mediaciis tradicia da axlaxan daiwyo ganviTareba (xSirad evropuli saxelmZRvanelos meSveobiT)? am qveynebSi mediacia warmodgenilia zrdasrulTa doneze. ZiriTadad, kanoni miiReba da xorcieldeba formaluri struqtura. dawyebulia saswavlo programebi, romlebic gasajaroebulia.
– da raSi mdgomareobs problema?
– ese igi Cven velodebiT bavSvis gazrdas yovelgvari mxardaWerisa da xelmZRvanelobis gareSe.
– es niSnavs imas, rom es saqme SeuZlebelia?
– ara, piriqiT. holandiaSi cnobili gamonaTqvamia: `yvela naklovanebas aqvs Tavisi upiratesoba~. Tu sxvebis gamocdilebidan viswavliT, Cven SegviZlia mediacia mowifulobamde Zalian swrafad miviyvanoT. nu gamoigonebT xelaxla, aramed mousmineT, iswavleT, moergeT da SemoitaneT ukve arsebulis ukeTesi versia. minda gagiziaroT is aTi nabiji, romelTa Sesruleba aucilebelia warmatebuli mediaciisTvis. es wesebi aqamde arsebul gamocdilebazea dafuZnebuli da mediatorebisTvis saxelmZRvanelod gamodgeba.
– maS ase – aTi nabiji warmatebuli mediaciisTvis…
– 1. gaerTiandiT, imoqmedeT rogorc erTma!
Zalian rTulia bazarze axali koncefciis danergva, gansakuTrebiT iseT delikatur sferoSi, rogoricaa konfliqtebi da kanoni. orive didi gamowvevaa. pirvel rigSi, unda gaacnobieroT koncefcia, rogor mivideT adamianebamde? meore – aiZulo am koncefciis yidva. amisTvis maT unda hqondeT ndoba da rwmena. am mxriv yvela mediators erTnairi interesi aqvs. Tu Cven ver movaxerxeT sakuTari Tavis warmoCena, xalxs verafers gavagebinebT. ase rom, unda gadavdoT Cveni gansxvavebebi da visaubroT, rogorc profesionalTa erTma jgufma. amitomac saWiroa:
2. gaiTvaliswineT, rom mediaciis mxolod 1% modis sasamarTloebidan!
yvela axali qveyana yuradRebas amaxvilebs kanonze, rogorc wminda graalze. yvelas miaCnia, rom kanonma unda ubiZgos xalxs mediaciisken. amis saukeTeso magaliTia italiuri sistema. Tumca italiis magaliTzec vxedavT, rom es gamosavali ar aris. mizezi martivia. sasamarTloSi saqmeebis mxolod Zalian dabali procenti midis mediaciaSi, an Tundac vargisia mediaciisTvis. mediaciis siZliere aris mravali konfliqtis gadaWra, sanam sasamarTlomde miva saqme da kidev ufro meti – mediacia ise gadawyvets konfliqtebs, rom arasodes gadavides sasamarTloSi. Tumca didi upiratesobis momtania, Tu sasamarTloebi gamoiyeneben mediacias. mas moaqvs gamWvirvaloba da sandooba. ase rom, es mediaciiT gadawyvetili saqmeebis raodenoba mxolod cifrebi ar aris, is sxva mizans emsaxureba. Tu iZulebiTi ar iqneba, mosamarTleebic ufro iTanamSromleben mediatorebTan.
3. SeqmeniT naTeli struqtura!
aSkaraa, rom qveynebSi struqturebis mravalferovnebaa. samwuxarod, es imitom ar xdeba, rom yvela qveyanas sakuTari, konkretuli strategia aqvs. problema imaSia, rom ise iwyeben struqturas, Sedegebze ar fiqroben. ubralod, undaT iuridiuli subieqti, romelic aerTianebs xalxs, magram Tu oqros wesebs gaviTvaliswinebT, bevri aspeqtia sagulisxmo. es niSnavs, rom Cven gvWirdeba struqtura, romlis roli da saqmianoba gasagebi iqneba. Sesabamisad, holandiaSi gvaqvs sami calkeuli iuridiuli erTeuli, romelTagan TiToeuls gansxvavebuli roli da amocana aqvs. am organizaciebs dakisrebuli funqciebis Sesrulebis Zala SeswevT, rac imas niSnavs, rom uzrunvelyofs rogorc sajaroobas, aseve regulacias. mxolod moxaliseTa jgufi ar aris organizacia. kargia, rom isini saqmes akeTeben, magram es araa sakmarisi. saWiroa mravalricxovani personali, romelic zrunavs yvela kanonmdeblobis/regulaciis/proceduris SemuSavebaze da gansakuTrebiT maT SenarCunebaze. moxaliseebTan muSaobas is naklic aqvs, rom isini, ZiriTadad, TavianT mTavar samuSaoze amaxvileben yuradRebas da mediacias rogorc erTgvar hobs, ise uyureben. mediaciisTvis dagWirdebaT sakmao raodenobis iseTi adamianebi, romlebic gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ekidebian am saqmes.
4. izruneT xarisxze!
mediatorebma iseTive datvirTviT da xarisxiT unda imuSaon da warmoaCinon sakuTari Tavi, rogorc iuristebma, fsiqologebma, buRaltrebma da sxva profesiis adamianebma. Tavdapirvelad, mediatoroba damatebiTi biznesi iyo sxva profesiebis warmomadgenlebisTvis. Sesabamisad, gvyavs advokat-mediatorebi, fsiqolog-mediatorebi da a.S. realurad maTi am kuTxiT profesionalizmi Semoifargleba sabaziso ganaTlebiTa da ZiriTadi profesiiT, es ki sulac ar aris garantia, rom adamiani kargi mediatoria. mediacia TavisTavad profesiaa. es seriozulad unda aRiqmebodes da sakmarisi dro da Zalisxmeva ixarjebodes mis saTanadod dasaufleblad. Sesabamisad, amis misaRwevad mis garSemo xarisxiani swavlebis sistema profesionalurad unda iyos gamarTuli. niderlandebSi 2012 wels SevcvaleT misi momsaxurebis xarisxis kontrolis sistema. moTxovnebi Zalian gaizarda. amitomac davkargeT 2000 mediatori – isini ver akmayofilebdnen moTxovnebs, magram darCenili mediatorebis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da amJamad ufro metad arian orientirebulni mediaciaze da xalxic xedavs maTi momsaxurebis ukeTesobas, amitomac uCndebaT mediaciaze gadasvlis meti survili. ase rom, axla ufro mkacrad movTxovT maT gamocdebze. sam weliwadSi erTxel tardeba oficialuri auditi profesiuli ganaTlebis uwyvetobaze, aseve mediatorTa Sida ganmaviTarebel jgufebSi monawileobazec. ase rom, Cven gvyavs naklebi mediatori, magram meti mediacia.
5. mediatoris profesias seriozulad moekideT!
TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi mediatoris kursi sakmaod xanmoklea. Cven veyrdnobiT sabaziso ganaTlebas (bakalavris an magistraturis done) da mxolod unarebze varT orientirebulni. mediaciis warmatebis erT-erTi mizezi is aris, rom kursi SesaniSnavia da unarebi namdvilad yvelasTvis sasargeblo, magram mTavari is aris, rogor moergeba igi gare samyaros? gamodis, rom adamianebi Zalian mcire dros dauTmoben kurss (ZiriTadad, 12-dan 20 dRemde), Semdeg ki eqnebaT pretenzia, rom SeiZines sruliad axali profesiis kompetenciebi. ra Tqma unda, politikosebi amas ase ver Sexedaven. isini uyureben mediatorebs, rogorc iuristebs, romlebsac raRac ufro meti SeuZliaT. yvela kanonSi vxedavT tendencias, rom is Semoifarglos samarTalSi magistraturis mqone adamianebis SesaZleblobebiT. amitom mediatoris ganaTlebac unda gaumjobesdes. ar SeiZleba ikmaroT mxolod sabaziso ganaTleba, mediacia calke profesiaa!
6. Tu ver daamarcxebT, SeuerTdiT sxva iuristebs!
yvela qveyanaSi, sadac mediacia iwyeba, mediatorebi advokatebTan brZolis aucileblobas awydebian. iuristebi maT uyureben, rogorc konkurentebs, mTeli sasamarTlo sistema ki, gansakuTrebiT mosamarTleebi, seriozulad ar aRiqvamen. ra Tqma unda, yovelTvis aris gamonaklisebi, magram, ZiriTadad, ase xdeba. mediatorebi cdiloben, ibrZolon TavianTi poziciisTvis da daamtkicon, rom rasac akeTeben, iseTive kargia, rogorc sxva iuristebis namuSevari, an ukeTesicaa. azrTa aseTi sxvadasxvaoba mTavrdeba CxubiT, brZoliT, romelsac verasodes moigeb. aSS-sa da niderlandebSi ase ar iyo, radgan mediaciis dasawyisSi masze aravin araferi icoda, amitom ar iTvleboda safrTxed. ase rom, bavSvs gazrdisTvis dro hqonda. Tumca im qveynebSic ki, sadac brZola daiwyo, dadga momenti, roca gamoCnda, rom erTaderTi gamosavalia brZolis Sewyveta da mediaciis sistemis nawilad miReba. mediatorebma advokatebs unda auxsnan, rom ar apireben maTTvis samuSaos warTmevas, aramed surT, rom isinic monawileobdnen mediaciaSi, isxdnen magidasTan, daxarjon sakuTari dro. maT unda moewonoT mediacia, urCion is Tavis klientebs, isinic daafaseben advokats, romelic zrunavs maTi saqmis ukeTesad gadawyvetaze. hoda, mediatorebo, mieciT maT saSualeba, gaibrwyinon, aCvenon, rom zrunaven TavianT klientebze. mosamarTleebi da advokatebi Cveni megobrebi arian, ipoveT maT Soris Tanamoazreebi, moigeT xalxis guli, isini Cveni klientebi arian.
7. miaRwieT imas, rom sasamarTlom xeli Seuwyos mediatorebis sandoobas!
miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTlo mediatorebi mediaciis mxolod Zalian mcire procentia, is mainc mniSvnelovania gamWvirvalobisa da sandoobis TvalsazrisiT. xalxi ifiqrebs, rom Tu sasamarTlo endoba mediatorebs Tavis saqmeebSi, ese igi mediaciis principi xarisxiania. realurad, am procentebis dabali ricxvi dagexmarebaT iuristebis gulis mogebaSic, radgan am SemTxvevaSi mediacias nakleb safrTxed aRiqvamen. maTi muSaoba, ZiriTadad, sasamarTlosTanaa dakavSirebuli, Cven ki damatebiT samuSaos vaZlevT axali saqmeebis saxiT, romlebic sxvagvarad SeiZleba arc ki hqondeT. ase rom, mediatorebo, zedmetad nu iwuwunebT, es mxolod uaryofiTad imoqmedebs Cvens saqmeze. mTavaria, darwmundeT, rom Tqven xarT mediaciaSi!
8. ipoveT bazarze gasasvleli karebi!
maS, Tu sasamarTlo mediacia mxolod 1%-ia, saidan modian mediatorebi? CvenTvis friad gasakviria, rom amas didi yuradReba ar eqceva. vinaidan axal profesias vnergavT, marketingic unda SemuSavdes. amisaTvis unda vicodeT Cveni potenciuri bazari – sad aris bevri konfliqti? vis ar unda konfliqtebi sasamarTloSi sabrZolo suliskveTebiT mogvardes? ase Tu vifiqrebT, pasuxebi ar iqneba rTuli. SesaZleblobebis areali saocrad farToa. pirveli, vinc mediatorebis samsaxuri miiRo, iyo yvela sajaro samsaxuri, rogoricaa saministroebi (sagadasaxado departamenti, Tavdacvis), meria, sazogadoebrivi transporti da a.S. isini iq xalxs sabrZolvelad ki ar momarTaven, aramed emsaxurebian mas. ZiriTadad, im politikosebis pasuxismgeblobis qveS arian, romlebic xalxSi popularobiT sargebloben, aseve msxvili kompaniebisa, romlebsac eSiniaT reputaciis Selaxvis (pirvel rigSi sadazRvevo kompaniebi, agreTve bankebic, buRaltrebic), sadac bevri konfliqtia Sromis anazRaurebis TvalsazrisiT. mediatorebiT dainteresdnen sakonsultacio kompaniebi da servisebic. isini xvdebian konfliqtur situaciebSi TavianTi klientebis momsaxurebisas, mediaciis principiT maTi mogvareba ki daexmarebaT klientis SenarCunebaSi. kidev sakmaod bevria mediatoris momsaxurebis msurveli. swored Sedegze msgavsi organizaciebisa Tu kerZo pirebis orientirebam gamoiwvia mediatorebis raodenobis gazrda. ramdenadac metia interesTa konfliqti, imdenad exmareba igi am organizaciebis gareT mediatorebs muSaobaSi. ufro da ufro izrdeba konfliqtebis mogvarebis kultura. ase rom, hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs:
a. sad vxvdebiT konfliqtebs?
b. vis aqvs raime dasakargi konfliqtis dros?
g. sad aris mogeba?
9. moamzadeT moqalaqeebi, ipoveT Tanamoazreebi!
momzadeba/treningi adamianebs ramdenime mxriv exmareba. pirvel rigSi – gaacnobieron mediaciis upiratesobebi da dainaxon, ramdenad muSaobs is. meore – es ar aris advili, es profesiaa, romelic Zalian gansxvavdeba imisgan, rasac yovelTvis akeTeben da konfliqtis mogvarebad miiCneven xolme. mesame – mediacia samuSaos aravis arTmevs. piriqiT, mTlianobaSi meti samuSao moaqvs. ase rom, ipoveT Tanamoazreebi TiToeul jgufSi, SeaRwieT masSi im mizniT, rom gaiaron treningi/momzadeba. SegiZliaT martivad gamoiyenoT igive jgufebi im qveynebSi, sadac media ukeTaa fexmokidebuli, isini aucileblad mogcemen dadebiT rekomendaciebs. ase rom, SediT am jgufebSi:
– mosamarTleebi da advokatebi;
– merebi, politikosebi;
– Hmenejerebi, aRmasrulebeli direqtori,
– buRaltrebi, mrCevlebi,
– sadazRvevo kompaniebi.
10. gaiTvaliswineT – kulturebis gansxvavebuloba uaryofiTad ar moqmedebs mediaciaze!
ar TqvaT: mediacia ar imuSavebs Cvens qveyanaSi, Cvens kulturaSi!
amas yovel axal qveyanaSi, sadac mediacia Sedis, gveubnebian, magram es uazrobaa. dasavleT evropasa da SeerTebul StatebSi yvelaze individualisturi kulturaa msoflioSi. yvela sxva kulturaSi adamianebi ufro metad arian miCveulebi problemebis gadaWris koleqtiur gzebs. aseve, dasavleT evropaSi samarTlebrivi sistema xalxis mier aRiqmeba obieqturad da samarTlianad. bevr sxva qveyanaSi es ase ar aris. ratom mimarTaven adamianebi sasamarTlos, Tu ar endobian sistemas? ratom ar mivmarToT usafrTxo marSruts da vipovoT gamosavali yvela konfliqturi mdgomareobidan? dasavleT evropaSi adamianebs ar aqvT finansebis nakleboba sasamarTlos rom mimarTon, sxva qveynebSi ki es SeiZleba iyos problema, mediacia ki ufro iafia. ase rom, magaliTad, CrdiloeT makedoniisTvis namdvilad bevrad momgebiania mediaciiT sargebloba. ra Tqma unda, yvela kulturas, yvela sazogadoebas aqvs Tavisi wesebi, sakuTari gza. amitom Tqven unda ipovoT gza, rogor moirgoT mediacia, rogor daarwmunoT moqalaqeebi, mis saWiroebaSi. es SesaZlebelia!
mari midaseli
