მცენარეთა დაცვის აქტუალური პრობლემები – საქართველოში
æïîòíï ãïþïòûå 27 48 93 –
baTumis botanikurma baRma umaspinZla samuSao Sexvedras – `mcenareTa dacvis aqtualuri problemebi saqarTveloSi~, romelic sastumro `drimlend oazisSi~ gaimarTa
Sexvedris monawileebs miesalma baTumis botanikuri baRis direqtori irakli arCaia, romelmac isaubra mcenareTa dacvis kuTxiT arsebuli problemebis erToblivad gadaWris da samomavlo gegmebis SemuSavebaSi msgavsi formatis Sexvedrebis mniSvnelobaze.
samuSao SexvedraSi, baTumis botanikuri baRis garda, monawileobdnen saqarTvelos erovnuli botanikuri baRis, zugdidisa da quTaisis botanikuri baRebis, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis soflis meurneobis saministros, saqarTvelos finansTa saministros Semosavlebis samsaxuris da baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis warmomadgenlebi.
samuSao Sexvedris ZiriTadi mizani gaxldaT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul mcenareTa mavnebel-daavadebebis kvlevis da maT winaaRmdeg gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad miRebuli samecniero da praqtikuli mniSvnelobis informaciebis, mosazrebebis, codnisa da gamocdilebis urTierTgaziareba, aseve, samomavlo xedvebis da ideebis warmoCena botanikuri baRebis da qveynis fitosanitariuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis.
Sexvedris mimarTulebebs da Tematikas warmoadgenda: mcenareTa dacvis strategia, botanikuri baRebi, mcenareTa dacva da saqarTvelos tyis fondis fitosanitariuli mdgomareoba. Cven veswrebodiT am samuSao RonisZiebas da komentari vTxoveT baTumis botanikuri baRis direqtors, aWaris soflis meurneobis saministros, Semosavlebis samsaxuris da sursaTis erovnuli saagentos warmomadgenlebs.
irakli arCaia, baTumis botanikuri baRis direqtori:
– baTumis botanikuri baRi 110 wlis saiubileo TariRTan dakavSirebiT, agrZelebs aqtiuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas. mcenareTa dacvis aqtualur problemebze sasaubrod SevkribeT saqarTveloSi arsebuli botanikuri baRebis, aseve, samTavrebo da arasamTavrebo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, vinc uSualod am TemiT arian dainteresebulebi da aqtiurad muSaoben rogorc praqtikuli, ise samecniero mimarTulebiT. Sexvedra Zalian sainteresod warimarTa, TiToeuli monawile kvalificiurad warsdga prezentaciebiT da vfiqrobT, rom am tipis Sexvedrebi kidev ufro gaaRrmavebs cnobadobas, kidev ufro gazrdis dainteresebas, raTa saqarTveloSi arsebuli biomravalferovneba da, zogadad, ekologia iyos daculi. Tema SevarCieT misi aqtualurobidan gamomdinare, botanikuri baRebisaTvis. Cven kovidpandemiamde, 2019 wels, daaxloebiT, am Sinaarsis Tematikis Sexvedras vumaspinZleT. Zalian didi gamoxmaureba, mowoneba da mxardaWera vigrZeniT Cveni kolega organizaciebisagan da amis Semdeg gadavwyviteT, rom am Sinaarsis Sexvedra kidev Cagvetarebina. am Sexvedram dagvarwmuna, rom unda gavSaloT es areali da momaval wels gvaqvs idea, vumaspinZloT saerTaSoriso donis konferencias an seminars, CavrToT masSi Cveni ucxoeli kolegebi, movisminoT maTi praqtikuli gamocdilebebi da samecniero miRwevebi mcenareTa dacvis mimarTulebiT, gavigoT, ra gamowvevebis winaSea dRes Tanamedrove msoflio am mxriv, raTa Cvenc mowodebis simaRleze viyoT rogorc informaciis doneze, aseve praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi miiRon Cvenma specialistebma. CvenTvis pirveli sazrunavi da safiqrali aris botanikur baRSi arsebuli koleqciebi da maTi usafrTxoeba, mcenareTa dacva. gvaqvs idea, rom momavalSi rodesac saerTaSoriso donis RonisZiebas CavatarebT, am mimarTulebiT ukve daidos Zalian kvalificirebuli daskvnebi, rekomendaciebi da es yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos. vfiqrob, Zalian mniSvnelovani dokumentis SemuSavebas SevZlebT.
aza xabazi, Semosavlebis samsaxuris sanitariuli, fitosanitariuli, veterinaruli kontrolis sammarTvelos mTavari fitosanitari:
– Cemi Tema Seexeboda fitosanitariul kontrols, rogor vakontrolebT sazRvrebs mavne organizmebis SemoWrisagan. es samuSao Sexvedra Zalian dadebiTad aisaxeba samomavlod Cvens muSaobaze. informaciis gacvla Zalian sainteresoa da mniSvnelovania, Tu romeli mavneblebi gvxdeba, rogor vrceldeba, rom Cvenc amis mixedviT vimuSaoT da gavakontroloT sazRvrebi, mcenareebi da mcenareuli produqti. mcenareebis da mcenareuli produqtebis kontroli saWiroa imisTvis, rom ar iyos sazRvrebis SigniT sakarantino da arasakarantino mavneblebi.
nikoloz mesxi, sursaTis erovnuli saagentos mcenaris dacvis departamentis ufrosi:
– moxaruli var, rom momiwvies dRevandel RonisZiebaze, romelic eZRvneba baTumis botanikuri baRis daarsebidan 110 wlis iubiles. Cemi moxseneba Seexeboda aziuri farosanasa da kaliebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebs saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, aseve, mcenareTa sakarantino mavne organizmebis monitorings, Tu ra aqtivobebs axorcielebs saagento saxelmwifo programis mimdinareobisas. Zalian saintereso prezentaciebi movismineT sxvadasxva gamomsvlelisgan, gavuziareT erTmaneTs gamocdileba, Zalian bevri siaxle gavige maTgan. misasalmebelia am tipis RonisZiebebis Catareba, sadac specialistebs aqvT SesaZlebloba, Sexvdnen, gauziaron erTmaneTs gamocdileba, codna. visurvebdi, rom msgavsi Sexvedrebi regularulad Catardes.
– mefutkreebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom farosanas sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi did zians ayenebs maT safutkre meurneobebs. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT azri orad iyofa. nawili mefutkreebisa Tvlis, rom saerTod ar axdens es Sewamvla zegavlenas, xolo nawili sapirispiros amtkicebs. . .
– RonisZiebebi am mavneblebis winaaRmdeg xorcieldeba futkrebis maqsimaluri dacviT, magaliTad, rodesac Termuli gziT tardeba RonisZiebebi, ZiriTadad, es xdeba saRamos saaTebSi, roca futkari skaSia Sesuli, Tanac am dros gamoiyeneba iseTi tipis teqnologia, romelic ar moqmedebs futkarze uaryofiTad. aseve, meore mimarTulebaa `moizide da gaanadgures~ sadgurebis gamoyeneba. mosaxleobisgan moSorebiT xdeba feromonebis ganTavseba arayvavilovan xeebze, esec futkris dacvis mizniT da xdeba maTi perioduli damuSaveba. aseve, mniSvnelovania, rom TviTon mefutkreebma ganaxorcielon futkris daavadebebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi sworad, rCevebi miiRon profesionalebisgan, kvalificirebuli mefutkreebisgan, romlebsac aqvT am kuTxiT didi gamocdileba.
– ramdenad mniSvnelovania am samuSao Sexvedris dros miRebuli codnisa da informaciis miwodeba fermerebisaTvis?
– mniSvnelovania, ra Tqma unda, da Cven vaxorcielebT Sesabamis aqtivobebs. prezentaciaSic aRvniSneT, rom eqstencia swored fermerebis codnis amaRlebas emsaxureba. rogorc aWaris regionSi, aseve mTeli qveynis masStabiT, yvela municipalitetSi arsebobs regionaluri sainformacio-sakonsultacio (eqstenciis) samsaxurebi, romlebic awvdian iq momuSave fermerebs yvela saWiro informacias, maT Soris, sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mavne organizmebis Sesaxeb.
– Tqveni gamocdilebiT, fermerebi dargis specialistebs ramdenad endobian?
– ndobis faqtori mniSvnelovania. aucilebelia, rom fermerma gaiTvaliswinos misi rCeva. nebismier wamyvan qveyanaSi, dargis specialistebis rekomendaciebiT xelmZRvaneloben fermerebi. didi mniSvneloba aqvs eqstencias, isini awvdian fermerebs saWiro informacias da, ra Tqma unda, aqvT ndobac, fermerebi, Tavis mxriv, iTvaliswineben am rCevebs, Tumca ufro metia saWiro da amaze muSaobs saministro, saxelmwifo. mizania, fermerma miiRos uxvi da xarisxiani mosavali im saWiro RonisZiebebis gatarebiT, rac aucilebelia nebismieri sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis warmoebis dros.
jimSer diasamiZe, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis agraruli ganviTarebis departamentis soflis meurneobis dargobrivi ganviTarebis ganyofilebis ufrosi:
– samuSao Sexvedraze sxvadasxva organizaciis mier warmodgenili iyo prezentaciebi mcenareTa dacvis Tematikaze, maT Soris, aWaris soflis meurneobis saministros warmovadgendiT me da agraruli eqstenciis ufrosi specialisti giorgi maxaraZe. Cveni Tema Seexeboda agraruli eqstenciis mniSvnelobas mcenareTa dacvis mimarTulebiT da fitosanitariuli kuTxiT aWaraSi arsebul gamowvevebs. visaubreT aWaraSi gavrcelebuli dominanti mavnebel-daavadebebis Sesaxeb. rogorc cnobilia, eqstencias vatarebT 4 etapad. niadagis damuSaveba-ganoyierebis, sxvla-formirebis, mcenareTa dacvisa da mosavlis aRebis fazaze. fermerebis 65 %-is mxridan moTxovna arsebobs konkretulad mcenareTa dacvis fazaze. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli Temis aqtualuroba gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom mcenareTa dacva aris erT-erTi mTavari mimarTuleba ama Tu im sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis warmoebis komponentSi, sadac fermers esaWiroeba kvalificirebuli konsultacia. aWaraSi eqstencia, swavleba-konsultireba aris ufaso. eqstenciis ganyofileba aris saministroSi, saidanac imarTeba es procesi. municipalitetebSi gvyavs memcenareobisa da mecxoveleobis dargis specialistebi. memcenareobis mimarTulebiT muSaobs 13 specialisti, 4 muSaobs veterinariis, 1 ki meTevzeobis kuTxiT. aseve, ufasoa mobiluri eqstenciis laboratoria, romelic funqcionirebs ssip `laboratoriis kvlevis centris~ bazaze. rodesac eqstencionisti midis nakveTze da ver axdens ama Tu im daavadebis identificirebas Tavisi saSualebebiT, am SemTxvevaSi iZaxebs mobiluri laboratoriis manqanas, romelic midis adgilze, iRebs nimuSebs da adgilzeve, aRniSnul manqanaSi arsebuli sadiagnostiko saSualebebiT axdens mavnebel-daavadebis identificirebas.
mamuka TurmaniZe, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis leqtori:
– kargad viciT, rom aWara Zalian fragmentirebuli citrusovnebis plantaciebiT gamoirCeva. erTiani wamlobiTi RonisZiebebi aTwleulia citrusovanTa plantaciebSi ar ganxorcielebula. miuxedavad amisa, mainc xarisxiani mosavali iwarmoeba. vmuSaob sasargeblo mwerebis gamoyenebaze mcenareTa dacvis kuTxiT da minda giTxraT, kvlevis procesSi aRmoCnda, rom is entomofagebi, romlebic iqna Semoyvanili 1950-ian wlebSi, jer kidev muSaoben Zalian warmatebiT da aregulireben mavne organizmebs. aWaraSi funqcionirebda sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mavneblebTan brZolis biologiuri meTodebis samecniero centri, romelmac 40-mde sasargeblo organizmi, entomofagi da entomopaTogenuri soko Semoiyvana da swored am sasargeblo organizmebidan dRes 18-dan 20-mde vxvdebiT garemoSi, romlebic axlac aqtiurad muSaobs. ai, am 18-dan Cven 3-ze ganvaxorcieleT mokvleva, Tu ra kondiciaSia da aRmoCnda, rom maTi efeqti aris 70-80 %-is farglebSi, rac sakmaod kargi cifria, SeiZleba iTqvas, am yvelaferma mogvca imis Tqmis SesaZlebloba, rom Cven aWaris mecitruseobaSi Tavisuflad SegviZlia davnergoT mcenareTa integrirebuli dacvis meTodebi, saamiso foni biologiuri dacvis mimarTulebidan arsebobs. am yvelafers Tu gonivrulad CamovayalibebT da ramdenime sademonstracio nakveTs SevqmniT, SesaZlebeli iqneba, rom samomavlod fermerebs SevaswavloT mcenareTa integrirebuli dacvis RonisZiebebi, SevamciroT wamlobis xarji, qimiis gavlena da gavzardoT xarisxi da raodenoba warmoebuli mosavlis. samwuxaro realoba gvaqvs, rodesac fermerebi ar floben saWiro informacias ara mxolod sasargeblo mwerebze, aramed zusti wamlobis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT, swori agrovadis SerCeva uWirT da xSir SemTxvevaSi, xdeba qimiis gamoyeneba maSin, rodesac konkretuli mavneblis ganviTarebis faza ukve Cavlilia an jer ar damdgara, es problemebic aris da xom warmogidgeniaT, ra mdgomareoba iqneba sasargeblo mwerebis amocnobasTan dakavSirebiT? amitom am kuTxiT seriozuli sainformacio kampania iqneba Casatarebeli. garkveulwilad, strategiacaa SesamuSavebeli sainformacio kuTxiT, rom vesaubroT fermerebs, miiRon informacia da gaerkvnen TavianT baRSi ra xdeba, miiRon specialistebis rekomendaciebis Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebi.
– specialistebTan erTad fermerebis daswrebas Tu miiCnevT saWirod?
– es samuSao Sexvedra Zalian kargi iyo specialistebis zeda doneze, magram aucilebelia amis mitana fermerebTan. vfiqrob, rom agroklinika, romelsac SevqmniT momavalSi, zustad am saqmes moemsaxureba.
giorgi maxaraZe, aWaris soflis meurneobis saministros agraruli eqstenciis ganyofilebis specialisti:
– msgavs Sexvedrebze yovelTvis Cndeba axali ideebi, mimdinareobs diskusia specialistebs Soris Tu rogor, ra meTodebiT SeiZleba vebrZoloT konkretul mavnebel-daavadebebs. mniSvnelovania isic, rom msgavs Sexvedrebze TvalsaCino xdeba axali daavadeba an axali paTogeni, romelic Cvens regionSi aris gavrcelebuli. miRebul informacias saministroSi vamuSavebT, Semdeg ki vawvdiT fermerebs. saministro gegmavs, msgavsma samuSao Sexvedrebma kabinetebidan gadainacvlos uSualod fermerebis sakarmidamo nakveTebSi da iq movawyoT praqtikuli ganxilva.
