დავით კლდიაშვილის ღვაწლი – ბათუმის ისტორიაში
მანანა ძიძიშვილი 598 24 94 97 –
aWaris mweralTa saxlisa da aWaris mweralTa kavSiris iniciativiT, saintereso leqcia-saubari gaimarTa, romelzec baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorma Sorena maxaWaZem daviT kldiaSvilis klasikuri memuarebi – `Cemi cxovrebis gzaze~ gaixsena. wels mwerlis dabadebidan 160 weli Sesrulda
rogorc qalbatonma Sorenam aRniSna: `am memuarebSi `cremliani sicilis~ didostatma, `Semodgomis aznaurTa~ tragikomikuri epopeis Semoqmedma, genialuri sisadaviT, miukerZoeblad, gulwrfelad dagvixata Cveni qalaqis istoria, gviCvena, Tu rogor iqca Waobian-ciebiani, talaxiani da qoxmaxebiani adgili mniSvnelovan samrewvelo centrad da portad, rogor izrdeboda da mSvendeboda baTumi. man gagvicocxla im adamianTa portretebi, romelTac udidesi wvlili Seitanes baTumis istoriaSi.
daviT kldiaSvilma fasdaudebeli amagi dasdo Cvens kuTxes, qalaqs, sadac TiTqmis sami aTeuli weli icxovra da iRvawa. misi memuarebi dResac aqtualuria, radgan Cveni warsuli safuZvelia imisa, rac dRes xdeba, rac SeiZleba xval moxdes. masSi brZeni mamuliSvilis mier bevri pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvacaa dasmuli. dakvirvebuli adamiani bevr sadReiso saWirboroto problemasac amoikiTxavs, maTi gadaWris gzebsac moiniSnavs~.
es memuarebi rac SeiZleba bevrma adamianma unda waikiTxos, dafiqrdes, vin varT, saidan movdivarT, saiT gvinda wasvla. . .
Sorena maxaWaZem sainteresod da Sinaarsianad miawoda SekrebilT mwerlis cxovrebis es metad Rirebuli (da gamorCeulad, baTumelTaTvis), saintereso monakveTi. . .
pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba daviT kldiaSvilma ojaxSi miiRo. mere rusuli ena Seaswavles eqim ivanovebis ojaxSi da mrevlovis mosamzadebel saswavlebelSi Seiyvanes. 1872 wels kievis maliutinis samxedro gimnaziaSi Cairicxa, 1880 wels ki moskovis samxedro saswavlebelSi. is Tavis memuarebSi igonebs: `yovel wlobiT mTavrobas mihyavda TavadaznaurTa Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebidan ormoc-ormoci bavSvi samxedro saswavleblebSi, korpusebSi im mizniT, rom gaerusebinaT~.
baTumSi mwerali 1882 wlis seqtemberSi Camovida. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1902 wlis martSi rotSildis qarxnis muSebi gaificnen, romelTa meTaurebi daapatimres. didi demonstracia swored maTi ganTavisuflebis moTxovniT gaimarTa. kldiaSvilma muSebis daxvretis brZaneba ar gasca, ris Semdeg is arasaimedo oficrad iTvleboda da eqvsi wlis Semdeg gaaTavisufles kidec samsaxuridan. 26 wlis daviTma baTumi datova, sacxovreblad jer quTaisSi, Semdeg mSobliur sofel simoneTSi gadavida, sadac meuRlesTan erTad cxovrobda. samwerlo moRvaweoba 32 wlis asakSi daiwyo. misi pirveli moTxroba `Serisxva~ 1893 wels daibeWda. Svidi wlis Semdeg mas saxalxo mwerlis wodeba mianiWes. daviT kldiaSvili 1931 wlis 24 aprils gardaicvala, dakrZalulia mTawmindaze.
nodar grigalaSvili masze werda: `daviTi Tavisi silaRiT, mosiyvarule bunebiT, gulwrfelobiT, siyvaruliT, mimndoblobiT, WirveulobiTac ki did bavSvad rCeboda. misTvis mediduroba sruliad ucxo iyo. . . tyuili da siyalbe sZulda~.
memuarebis `Cemi cxovrebis gzaze~ mesame-meTerTmete Tavebi baTums eZRvneba. is Cveuli ostatobiT xatavs patara qalaqis cxovrebas. rogorc mwerali wers, im droisaTvis baTumSi oTxi aTasi mcxovrebi iyo. qalaqi zRvis piras mdebareobda, iqve iyo bazari, patara, dabali qoxmaxebi – viTom maRaziebi. ramdenime quCa, viwro, moukirwylavi. qalaqis garSemo iyo gabneuli facxebi, romlebSic cxovrobdnen afxazebi da zangebi. axlandeli rkinigzis sadguri iyo saSiSi da udaburi. dRevandeli kaTolikuri eklesiis adgilze didi tba iyo, sanadiro frinvelebiT savse, tbis gadaRma, dasavleTisken – udaburi tye. zRvis pirze aRmarTuli iyo ori didi forti – burunTabie da sari-su. am ukanasknelis adgilas navsadguri aaSenes. . . mimosvla foTidan patara gemebiT warmoebda. 1883 wels baTumi-Tbilisi rkinigzis amoqmedebam mimosvla gaaiola. amas daemata 1885 wels porto-frankos gauqmeba, ris Semdegac qalaqis intensiuri ganaSenianeba daiwyo. miwa muqTad iSoveboda, xalxi ciebas ar epueboda, kafavdnen tyeebs, muhajirebisgan yidulobdnen an eSmakobiT arTmevdnen miwas. . .. dainteresebulTagan lamis 99 procenti ucxoeli iyo, maT Soris, inJineri salaviovi, notariusi gerenSteini, milioneri sibiriakovi… didZali miwebi Seisyida vaWarma popovma da daiwyo Cais plantaciebis gaSeneba, mebaRe dalfonsma, mwvane koncxze xelSi Caigdo miwis uzarmazari nakveTebi da daiwyo baRebis gaSeneba. man aseve pirvelma Semoitana mandarinebis kultura. sxvaTa Soris, dalfonsi ciebam imsxverpla. zRvis sanapiroze oci versis manZilze mxolod erTi qarTvelis – sevasti WeliZis agaraki iyo.
kldiaSvili aRniSnavs, rom baTumi maSinac mravalerovani qalaqi iyo: qarTveli, rusi, somexi, berZeni, TaTari, osmalo, afxazi, zangi. . . . qalaqis Tavi gaxldaT tolstois colisZma bersi, qalaqis gubernatori – smekalovi. baTumSi araviTari gasarTobi ar iyo. . .
am memuarebSi araerTi saintereso ambavia moTxrobili Cveni qalaqis maSindeli cxovrebis da im adamianebis Sesaxeb, vinc didi amagi dasdo baTumsa da qarTvelobas. maT Soris arian: grigol volski, ivane mesxi, luka asaTiani, aleqsandre yazbegi, didi ilia. . . bevri sxva. gadmocemulia, Tu ra didi saqmeebi akeTes maT qalaqSi. amitom, visac baTumi giyvarT, misi istoriac unda gainteresebdeT. Tu Tqven am memuarebs gadaavlebT Tvals, mixvdebiT, misi saxiT mweralma baTums, Taobebs ra didi ganZi dagvitova. es istoriaa, romelic yovelTvis saintereso da mniSvnelovani iqneba. mis memuarebSi simarTliT, realisturad, obieqturad aris asaxuli baTumisa da aWaris cxovreba. mwerali gviambobs, Tu ras daamsgavses osmalebma da rusebma erToblivi ZalebiT erT dros ayvavebuli da mdidari aWara.
daviT kldiaSvili pirveli msoflio omis dawyebisTanave ruseT-osmaleTis frontze gaiwvies. mZimed daavadebulma polkovnikis CiniT daasrula samxedro samsaxuri.
– Zalian kmayofili davrCi, didi madloba qalbaton Sorenas saintereso leqciisTvis, – gviTxra mweralma leila xinTibiZem.
– kldiaSvils baTumis winaSe udidesi Rvawli miuZRvis. rac mwerals aqvs memuarebSi aRwerili, es Seufasebelia, mas Cveni mecnierebi kidev araerTxel miubrundebian da ufro Rrmad Seiswavlian, – aRniSna poetma daviT TedoraZem.
– daviT kldiaSvili Cveuli ostatobiT xatavs patara qalaqis cxovrebas. es memuarebi CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. man 26 weli gaatara baTumSi da am xnis ganmavlobaSi aq ar momxdara arcerTi sayuradRebo movlena, romelSic monawileoba ar mieRo. amasTan, es aris didebuli mxatvari, romelmac realisturad dagvixata da aRwera baTumis Camoyalibebis istoria – rogor iqca civi, Waobiani baTumi im qalaqad, romelsac Semdeg mTeli ucxoeTi Sestrfoda. araCveulebrivadaa naCvenebi, rogor SeiZleba enTuziazmze didi saqmeebis keTeba, – gviTxra Sorena maxaWaZem.
gazeTis saSualebiT sajarod gvinda gadavuxadoT madloba qalbaton Sorenas leqciisTvis – Cveuli enawylianobiT da sainteresod warmogvidgina Zirfesvianad Seswavlili es istoria.
