კოოპერაცია გადამწყვეტ მნიშვნელობას იძენს
omar SamiliSvili 22 weli iyo aWarkoopkavSiris Tavmjdomaris moadgile. im organizaciis, romelsac qveynis biujetisTvis sakmaod didi Tanxa, xolo am sistemaSi gaerTianebuli mosaxleobisTvis mniSvnelovani Semosavali mohqonda
batoni omari kooperaciis sistemis mospobas saqarTveloSi did Secdomad Tvlis da miaCnia, rom mosaxleobisgan moweuli produqciis Cabareba-damzadeba-realizaciiT did da sasargeblo saqmes akeTebdnen qveynisTvisac da glexebisTvisac, romlebsac miwaze muSaoba ar ezarebodaT. dRes Zalian mwvaved dgas soflis meurneobis produqciis moweva-realizaciis sakiTxi, romelzec mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli soflad mcxovrebi, miwaTmoqmedebiTa da mecxoveleobiT dakavebuli adamianebis keTildReoba. werilSi, romelic ori Tvis win swored omar SamiliSvilis avtorobiT gamovaqveyneT, saubaria mosaxleobisgan citrusis mosavlis Sesyidva-realizaciis sistemis gaumarTaobasa da aqedan gamomdinare, siZneleebze, rac mecitruseebs gvarianad azaralebs, radgan maT mier moweuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba sarealizacio fasze bevrad metia. erTi sistemis gauqmebas, Tu es aucilebelia qveynis winsvlisTvis, unda mosdevdes meoris, ufro qmediTunarianisa da progresulis danergva, sxva SemTxvevaSi awyobili sistemis ganadgureba mxolod zianis momtania rogorc saxelmwifosTvis, ise ubralo moqalaqisTvis. dRes swored kooperaciis sistemis ganadgurebis uaryofiT Sedegebze vesaubrebiT baton omars da vecdebiT, qveynisTvis sasikeTo, swori gza erTad davinaxoT.
– mainc ra sikeTeebi mohqonda kooperaciis sistemas qveynis ekonomikisTvis da ratom gaauqmes igi?
– dResac arsebobs msoflio kooperaciis sistema, kooperaciis aliansi, sadac Tavis droze cekavSirs (saqarTvelos samomxmareblo sazogadoeba) Tavisi garkveuli adgili hqonda. igi namdvilad iyo am aliansis mowinave organizacia. cekavSiri 1924 wels Seiqmna TbilisSi, aWaraSi – 1933 wels da saxelmwifoSi patara saxelmwifos saxiT lamis saukune iarseba. Cveni sakuTreba gvqonda, saxelmwifos iqiT vexmarebodiT, vuricxavdiT garkveul Tanxebs. weliwadSi marto damzadebidan ramdenime milioni lari Sedioda Cvengan biujetSi. garda amisa, kooperatorebs hqondaT TavianTi sapaio Tanxebi Cabarebuli aWarkoopkavSirze. sul 30 000 mepaie hyavda aWarkoopkavSirs. Aamdenives gaaCnda kerZo sakuTreba. yoveli Tvis bolos iRebdnen aqedan TavianT procentebs – dividendebs. mTel saqarTveloSi milionze meti iqneboda aseTi.
– es im uzrunvelyofili mosaxleobis nawili iyo, romelic ase aklia dRes qveyanas. . .
– xuT raions (axla rom municipalitetebi hqvia) emsaxureboda aWarkoopkavSiri. mosaxleobisgan produqcias vyidulobdiT da realizacias vukeTebdiT. cekavSirs, romelic msoflio kooperaciis aliansis mowinave wevri iyo 19-miliardiani qoneba gaaCnda. misi gauqmeba didi gaugebroba da Secdoma iyo saxelmwifos mxridan. 2007 wels mTavrobam im pirobiT gaauqma es sistema, rom ukeT mouvlida mis qonebasac da iq dasaqmebul xalxzec izrunebda, magram es piroba aravin Seasrula. daiSala da ganadgurda kooperaciuli qoneba, masSi Semavali organizaciebi,zogi gaiyida. 32 000-ma mepaiem xelis erTi mosmiT dakarga qoneba da Semosavali, dazaralda, anu umuSevari darCa 3 000 specialisti, romlebic am sistemaSi sxvadasxva poziciaze gvyavda dasaqmebuli. dazaralebulTa Soris aseve aRmoCndnen sezonurad da droebiT momuSave adamianebi (daaxloebiT -12-15 aTasi). garda amisa, zarali miadgaT imaT, romlebsac didi odenobiT fuli hqondaT CvenTan Semotanili. bankSi ar inaxavdnen, CvenTan – ki, radgan did procentsac vaZlevdiT da damatebiT – importul saqonelsac. ra Tqma unda, daekargaT es fulic.
– vin miisakuTra es fuli?
– ai, ra moxda: formacia rom Seicvala da sabazro ekonomika Semovida, Cven dagvewera plusi da es Zalian gvaxarebda. sabazro ekonomika zustad Cvens struqturas Seesabameboda. auareba saqoneli gvqonda im dros, fulic, magram erT dRes Cveni Tavmjdomare Camovida da miTxra, cudadaa saqme, kooperacias auqmebeno. gamikvirda, es xom kerZo sakuTreba iyo, xalxis qoneba. Aase Tqves, rom saxelmwifo ukeTesad mouvlis Tqvens qonebaso. cota xanSi rac gvqonda, yvelaferi waiRo saxelmwifom. bolos saarsebod aRaraferi dagvrCa. vTxoveT, dagvexmareT, mogveciT sesxi, Cven xom dagexmareT da mogeciT Cveni sakuTreba, axla Tqven dagvexmareT da mogveciT sesxi, rom amdeni xalxi umuSevari ar darCes. AarcerTma formaciam fuli ar gvasesxa. Turme Cafiqrebuli iyo kooperaciis gauqmeba da marTlac, gauqmda – erT milionamde saqarTvelos moqalaqe erT dReSi darCa umuSevari. mixeil saakaSvilma, romelic manamde gvpirdeboda, rom Cvenze ukeT aamuSavebda kooperaciaSi Semaval organizaciebs, yvela raionSi daxura Cveni obieqtebi – sazkvebis, damzadebis, warmoebis, univermaRebi. . . es xalxi gamoyara quCaSi.
– cxadia, garda im xalxisa, romlebic dasaqmebulni iyvnen TqvenTan, dazaraldnen glexebic, romlebic sarealizaciod abarebdnen TavianT produqcias kooperaciul organizaciebs.
– ra Tqma unda, isini Cvengan sanacvlod anazRaurebas iRebdnen. yvelaferi rom moakldaT, amitom datoves masobrivad saqarTvelo. `nacionalebma~ yvela Cveni obieqti waiRes. rac undodaT, daitoves, rac ara – gayides. Cveni qoneba mTlianad ganadgurda. gauqmda baTumis ori citruskombinati, citrusis SemfuTavi 12 Tanamedrove pavilioni, romlebic dRe-RameSi 70-80 tona citruss axarisxebda. am sawarmoebis umaRlesi xarisxis danadgarebi TurqeTSi gaiyida, xolo Senobebi daiSala. 40-ze meti damzadebis punqti daixura soflebSi. glexebi, fermerebi martoni darCnen citrusis realizaciis problemasTan, Semosavali dakarges da arsebobisTvis sabrZolvelad ucxoeTs miaSures. dRevandel xelisuflebas evaleba wina xelisuflebis saSineli Secdomis gamosworeba, Tumca gvesmis, rom urTulesia 98 wlis naSeni kooperaciis aRdgena. mosaxleobas saarsebo wyaro sWirdeba. Aaucileblad unda aSendes citruskombinati, romelic miiRebs da gadaamuSavebs aWaraSi moyvanil citruss, mosaxleobas gadaarCens monuri Sromisgan da Sematebs Semosavals. amasTan, dRes yvela piroba arsebobs saimisod, rom samkurnalo mcenareebi damzaddes. saqarTveloSi aTas xuTasamde dasaxelebis samkurnalo mcenare xarobs. qobuleTis municipalitetis sofel xucubanSi arsebobs Sps `mardi~, romlis direqtor omar qaTamaZes aqvs aWarkoopkavSiris pirobebSi erTwliani samkurnalo mcenareebis damzadebisa da sazRvargareT realizaciis gamocdileba. mas aqvs saSualeba, mosaxleobisgan adgilze Caibaros samkurnalo mcenareebi, gaaxmos da gadatvirTos ucxoeTSi, Tumca amis realurad ganxorcielebas aWaris xelisuflebis keTili nebac sWirdeba. misi daxmarebiT Tu daarsdeba samkurnalo mcenareTa damzadebisa da realizaciis baza, es sagrZnoblad waadgeboda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikur mdgomareobas. samkurnalo mcenareebis damzadeba-eqsporti, kvlav sruli datvirTviT aamoqmedebda mcenareebis Semsyidvel-gamsaRebel bazas, romelic did Semosavals moutans ara marto mosaxleobas, aramed saxelmwifo biujetsac. vfiqrob, erTwliani mcenareebis, romlebic erT weliwadSi neSompalad iqceva, oqrod gardaqmnis SesaZlebloba xelidan ar unda gavuSvaT.
– adre amas cekavSiri akeTebda – mosaxleobisgan ara marto samkurnalo mcenareebs, sxvadasxva produqcias ibarebda da sazRvargareT hyidda. . .
– diax, 90 dasaxelebis saqonels vyiddiT ucxoeTSi. pirvel rigSi, es iyo sakonservo qarxnebSi damzadebuli produqcia. damzadebis ori veberTela organizacia gvqonda aWarkoopkavSirSi – ori citruskombinati. marto amaTgan 26 dasaxelebis (murabebi, jemebi, kompotebi…) produqcia igzavneboda ucxoeTSi. Cven vamaragebdiT am organizaciebs mosaxleobisgan Cabarebuli saqonliT. produqcias rom gavyiddiT, mogebis procenti midioda saxelmwifo xazinaSi. mosaxleobasac hqonda Semosavali. amis gakeTeba axlac SeiZleba, Tu, rogorc zemoT vTqvi, saxelmwifo gamoiCens keTil nebas. vfiqrob, saqmes isic waadgeba, Tu aWaris soflis meurneobis saministroSi Seiqmneba soflis meurneobis produqtebis damzadebis, Sesyidvisa da realizaciis sammarTvelo, romelic mosaxleobas daexmareba. misgan Seisyidis namet produqcias pirdapir maTi sacxovrebeli adgilebidan. SeiZens xorcs, qaTams, kvercxs, karaqs, yvels, mWadis fqvils, bostneuls, mwvanils da ase Semdeg, aseve meorad produqciasac: Zvals, Cirs, bumbuls, rkinas, alumins, spilenZs da sxva. es mosaxleobis ekonomikurad gaZlierebas Seuwyobs xels. citruskombinatis gaxsnac, sadac mosaxleoba yovelgvar xils Caabarebs, sagrZnoblad gazrdis mosaxleobis Semosavals. vfiqrob, amaze Cvenma xelisuflebam aucileblad unda izrunos. xexilis bazarSi Catana, Senaxva, gayidva mniSvnelovan xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Tanac daxlTan dgomas produqciis realizaciisTvis didi dro sWirdeba. Camotanili xili xSirad veRar faravs gaweul xarjebs, amitom glexs ekargeba Semosavali. aRar yidis Tavis moyvanil xils. Tu citruskombinati ver aSendeba, SeiZleba soflis meurneobis produqciis damzadeba-realizaciis bazis gaxsna, romelic miiRebs da gadaamuSavebs yvela saxis xexils. Ddaamzadebs xilis naturalur wvenebs, murabebs, kompotebs, konservebs, limonaTs. garda amisa, mosaxleoba aiTvisebs tyis mcenareebis nayofsac: wyavs, mocvs, mayvals, wabls da sxva, romelTagan bevri saxeobis sasargeblo da moTxovnadi produqciis (spirti, Ciri, kompoti, muraba…) momzadeba SeiZleba. saqarTveloSi Semotanili da gavrcelebuli xilisgan erT-erTi saukeTesoa kivi (aqtinidia). ramdenadac vici, igi swored cekavSiris gamgeobis Tavmjdomare resan konceliZem Semoitana, raTa mTel saqarTveloSi gaevrcelebina. misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT kivis nergebi qobuleTis sanerge meurneobaSi Semoitanes da mosaxleobam SeiZina, Tumca jer ar icoda misi dargva da movla-patronoba. am sakiTxSi glexebis gacnobiereba biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtorma, saqarTvelos ekologiur mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosma, profesorma vano papuniZem iTava. man Seiswavla kivis kulturis Sesaxeb yvelaferi da 1998 wels gamosca wigni, romelsac asec hqvia – `kivi-aqtinidia~. mosaxleobam SeiZina es wigni da marTlac, masobrivad mihyves xeli mis moSeneba-gamravlebas. igi nayofis mocemas 4-5 weliwadSi iwyebs, 7-8 welSi srulad msxmoiare xdeba, xolo 9 wlisa maqsimalurad did mosavals iZleva. igi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebul dros unda moikrifos. magaliTad, avstriasa da zelandiaSi mais-ivnisSi, italiaSi – oqtomber-noemberSi, safrangeTsa da kaliforniaSi – noemberSi, saqarTveloSi – oqtomber-noemberSi. oTaxis temperaturaze es nayofi 2 Tves inaxeba, oRond ar unda moTavsdes polieTilenis parkebSi, unda SevinaxoT muyaos an xis yuTebSi. iq, sadac kivi inaxeba, ar SeiZleba sxva xilis Senaxvac. unda moikrifos mSral da gril amindSi. mokrefili kivis nayofis SefuTva dauSvebelia. igi didi raodenobiT Seicavs vitamin C-s, aris Zalian tkbili (Tumca Saqari umetesad glukozisa da fruqtozis saxiTaa) da gamoirCeva surneliT. mas farTod iyeneben kulinariaSi, misgan mravali saxeobis sakonditro nawarmi mzaddeba, aseve – liqiori, Rvino, koncentratebi sxvadasxva sasmelisTvis. aqvs samkurnalo, maT Soris onkologiuri daavadebebis profilaqtikis, Tvisebebi. amdens am kulturis Sesaxeb imitom vlaparakob, rom mosaxleobam Seityos misi sargeblianobis Sesaxeb da moaSenos, Tumca ubedureba isaa, rom am xilis realizaciac problemaa. aqac isev da isev unda vTqvaT, rom aucilebelia aWaris soflis meurneobis saministros Zalisxmeva, raTa aSendes citruskombinati an soflis meurneobis produqtebis miReba-realizaciis baza. analogiuri problemaa Tambaqos realizaciasTan dakavSirebiTac. mosaxleoba ver yidis moweul Tambaqos mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, bazarSi gatanis miuxedavad. wina xelisuflebam daangria kooperacia, riTac, pirvel rigSi, mosaxleoba, sabolood ki mTeli qveyana dazaralda.
marTlac, gasagebia omar SamiliSvilis gulistkivili, radgan sabWoTa kavSiris epoqaSi Seqmnil kooperaciis sistemaSi Camoyalibebuli iyo myari materialur-teqnikuri baza, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa, kooperatiuli institutebis da teqnikumebis farTo qseli. cekavSiris sistema saqarTveloSi mTlianad emsaxureboda soflis mosaxleobas, rogorc vaWrobis, aseve soflis meurneobis produqciis damzadeba-gadamuSavebis dargiT. samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi ekonomikuri reformebi iwyeboda kooperativebis ngreviT. jer kooperativebis kuTvnilebis nacionalizacia moxda, Semdeg ki privatizeba, Tumca bolo dros kooperaciis aRdgenisken mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga, gamovida kanoni kooperirebis Sesaxeb, Seiqmna sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis ganviTarebis saagento, romlis mizanicaa sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statusis miniWeba im kooperativebisTvis, romlebic CarTulia sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi, aseve, misi funqciaa maTTan muSaoba, raTa daixvewos kooperativebis damaregulirebeli dokumentacia. kanoni iZleva mxolod da mxolod nebayoflobiTi gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas, saxelmwifo ki mxolod models da SesaZleblobas qmnis, eweva procesis waxalisebas. unda iTqvas isic, rom sasoflo-sameurneo kooperacia ganviTarebulia yvela warmatebul qveyanaSi. vfiqrobT, batoni omaris SexedulebaSi, rom kooperaciis sistemis aRdgena-gaZliereba soflad mcxovreb mosaxleobas ekonomikurad welSi gamarTavs, rac mTeli qveynis ekonomikazec moaxdens dadebiT gavlenas, aris racionaluri marcvali. saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisa da soflad dasaqmebis problemebis gadasaWrelad kooperacia, marTlac, gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens. am yvelafris miuxedavad, kooperacia soflad rTulad ikidebs fexs, risi mizezic, SesaZloa isicaa, rom xalxis mexsierebaSi CarCenilia adrindeli kooperaciis cudi Sedegebi. isini SiSoben, rom gaerTianebis Semdeg maT qonebas isev sxva daepatroneba. saWiroa soflad mcxovreb adamianebamde kooperaciis ideis sworad mitana. aucilebelia maTTvis axali, realuri SeTavazebebi, axali bazrebi, rac iqneba kooperativebis axali benefiti. naTelia, rom axali, aRmosavleT evropis bazrebis gareSe, saqarTvelos am etapze uWirs ganviTareba, rasac, omar SamiliSvilis Tqmisa ar iyos, marTlac saxelmwifos keTili neba sWirdeba. Cven vecdebiT am Temaze msjeloba periodulad gavagrZeloT da ufro siRrmiseulad ganvixiloT am sakiTxSi ufro kompetentur adamianebTan erTad.
marina miTaiSvili
