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rogori saskolo garemo surT bavSvebs… da aramarto
`warmoidgineT, mama gvian modis saxlSi, wasulia, muSaobs. erTi saaTi aqvs bavSvTan urTierTobisaTvis. es erTi saaTi imaSi unda daxarjos, rom bavSvs Tavze daadges, gakveTili gamohkiTxos. bavSvic daiCagra da mamasac ver gauxarda Svilis naxva. vin Seitana es gaugebroba mama-Svils Soris? im maswavlebelma, romelmac qimiaSi davaleba misca, meorem – biologiaSi, mesamem – maTematikaSi da ase Semdeg. bavSvi erTia da 6 davaleba daatyda Tavs. TiTo davalebaze 20-30 wuTi mainc viangariSoT. 6 saaTi skolaSi iyos, 3 saaTi davalebebs amzadebdes – 9 saaTi gamovida. rodisRa daiZinos? mamas da dedas rodis daelaparakos? bebia-babuas rodis moeferos?~ -svams kiTxvas humanuri pedagogikis fuZemdebeli, akademikosi Salva amonaSvili da iqve dasZens, rom unda Seicvalos midgomebi, raTa bavSvebisaTvis skola gaxdes is sivrce, sadac didi sixaruliT ivlian. misive TqmiT, SesaZlebelia pedagogma ar misces amdeni davaleba bavSvs da motivaciis asamaRleblad saintereso siaxleebi SesTavazos.
bolo periodSi araerTi gadacema Tu statia mieZRvna bavSvTa uflebebs, maTTvis skolebSi jansaRi garemos Seqmnas. saubaria araerT komponentze, romelic fsiqologebis, ganaTlebis sferos eqspertebis, maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis mosazrebiT, saWiroebs gadaxedvas, Secvlas. ganaTlebis eqspertebi xazs usvamen erT-erT mTavar saWiroebas, romelic saskolo kvebis sakiTxs exeba da miiCneven, rom saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos skolaSi erTjeradi kveba mainc. am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi isini mniSvnelovnad miiCneven mSobelTa CarTulobas, aseve, sazogadoebis yvela jgufis gaerTianebas. rodesac saqme skolas da moswavleebs, swavla-swavlebas exeba, araerTi mniSvnelovani niuansi gamoikveTeba xolme. aris sakiTxebi, razec, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva azri aqvT adamianebs, magram imaze, rom dRes ganaTlebis sistemaSi bevri samuSaoa Casatarebeli, yvela Tanxmdeba. rogori skola da saskolo garemo surT bavSvebs, ra miaCniaT mTavar gamowvevad? amasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erTi sajaro skolis moswavleebs gavesaubre, romelTa komentarebsac ucvlelad gTavazobT, Tumca, iqidan gamomdinare, rom arasrulwlovnebi arian, maT saxelebs vcvliT.
ninia (me-9 klasi):
– Zalian kargad vswavlob. maswavleblebic, mSoblebic maqeben da meubnebian, rom klasSi gamorCeuli moswavle var. ra Tqma unda, mixaria es Seqeba, amavdroulad, merideba, radgan ramdenime maswavlebels mxolod me vyavar `amoCemebuli~ da Cemi sxva klaselebi iCagrebian. `ninia moyevi, ninia waikiTxe, ninia dafasTan gamodi~ – imdenad xSirad aJRereben Cems saxels, rom arc ki ufiqrdebian, amiT guls rom stkenen sxva moswavleebs. mimaCnia, rom maswavlebeli yvelas erTnairad unda moeferos, yvelas erTnairi siTbo agrZnobinos da erT-or moswavleze ar unda iyos orientirebuli. guSin Cemma klaselma gakveTili ar icoda da ise galanZRa maswavlebelma, cremlebi wamomivida. sul orosani da uniWo eZaxa. arada, sulac ar aris uniWo, Zalian kargad mReris da cekvavs, mere ra, rom ver iswavla leqsi? is kargi adamiania.
Tazo (me-7 klasi):
– skolaSi siaruli ar mezareba, magram zogierT gakveTilze daswreba ar msiamovnebs – ar unda imoZrao, ar unda ilaparako. qimiis maswavlebeli gakveTils xsnida, kiTxva damebada da rom ar damviwyeboda, maSinve davusvi, sul gauzrdeli meZaxa. ar SeiZleba ase, Zalian cudad moqmedebs lanZRva yvela bavSvze. mesmis, rom celqebi varT, magram mTeli 45 wuTi gakveTilze jdoma ar aris advili. vfiqrob, dReSi 4-5 gakveTili sakmarisia bavSvisTvis. imasac davamateb, rom mxiaruli maswavleblebi minda iyvnen yvela skolaSi, bevri gabrazebuli saxiT dadis, albaT, fiqrobs, rom amiT SegvaSinebs. umjobesia, saxaliso gakveTilebi Cagvitaron, Torem arcerTi maswavleblis ar meSinia.
daCi (me-6 klasi):
– Zalian miyvars Cemi klaselebi da yoveldRe mixaria maTi naxva, Tumca, gakveTilebis ra giTxraT, amdeni davaleba damRlelia. magaliTad, maTematikis maswavlebelma saaxalwlo ardadegebze 25 magaliTi mogvca dasawerad, sxva sagnebis maswavleblebmac TavianTi davalebebi dagvimates da dasvenebis nacvlad, ufro daviRale. marto is gamixarda, rom Tovlis babuam sasurveli saCuqari momitana.
daviTi (me-12 klasi):
– SemiZlia Tamamad vTqva, rom saskolo procesi ar aris orientirebuli bavSvze, skolas mxolod Sedegi ainteresebs, is, Tu rogor warmovaCenT ama Tu im olimpiadaze, sportul Sejibrebebze. skola xom ar aris mxolod ganaTlebis adgili? es aris Cveni, bavSvebis socializaciis adgili. samwuxarod, maswavleblebi, gamonaklisebs Tu ar CavTvliT, ar arian Cveni mxardamWerebi. ver gveguebian imis gamo, rom TiTqmis yvela sakiTxze gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs. bavSvebSi skolisadmi negatiuri damokidebuleba SeiZleba pirveli klasidanve daiwyos, radgan mas sul sxvanairad uxatavdnen mSoblebi, bebia-babuebi skolas da sul sxva aRmoCnda. amitom yvelam erTad unda SevcvaloT midgomebi, ufro sasurveli unda gavxadoT swavla-swavlebis procesi. amaSi ki yvelaze didi roli maswavleblebs akisriaT. Tu adamiani mowodebiT maswavlebelia, yovelTvis SeZlebs, moswavles Seayvaros Tavic da is saganic, romelsac aswavlis. aqve kidev erT mosazrebas gagiziarebT: vfiqrob, aucilebelia saganmanaTleblo procesSi daematos sqesobrivi aRzrdis sagani, aseve, saSinao davalebebis dawera-ardawera gaxdes nebayoflobiTi.
ana (me-6 klasi):
– minda skolaSi kveba iyos, meoTxe gakveTilze ise momSivdeba xolme, rom maswavleblis arcerTi sityva aRar mesmis. funTuSas vyidulob, magram ar myofnis. kidev iciT, ra minda? amdeni wigni ar damqondes skolaSi. dedam eqimTan wamiyvana da xerxemlis gamrudeba aqvso, gviTxres. mas Semdeg babua atarebs Cems CanTas, magram isic mecodeba, moxucia da ar minda, imasac astkivdes CemsaviT xerxemali. miyvars skola, yvela Cemi klaseli da maswavlebeli. magram erTi mkacri maswavlebeli myavs da misi gakveTilebi ar momwons, arc Cems klaselebs moswonT. es qali Cems mamikosac aswavlida da mamam miTxra, mkacria, magram kargi adamiania da misgan ber rames iswavlio. mgoni, ukve momwons, miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqmis arasdros iRimis. me mamis mjera.
komentari vTxoveT qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebel lia qamadaZes.
misi gancxadebiT, yvela is maswavlebeli Sesacvlelia, visac ar surs ganviTareba da cvlileba. bavSvisTvis qcevis pirveli modeli mSobeli da Semdeg maswavlebelia, romlebsac upirobod unda SeeZloT bavSvis siyvaruli da mxardaWera.
– Cemi klasebis magaliTze SemiZlia vTqva, rom moswavleTa im nawils ar uyvars skola, vinc arafers akeTebs. Cems sadamrigeblo klasSi 11 moswavle myavs, maTgan ors ar uyvars skola, swored es oria zarmaci da udisciplino, danarCenebi interesiTa da siamovnebiT erTvebian sagakveTilo procesebSic da saintereso davalebebsac weren. bavSvebs axali saxelmZRvaneloebi anebivrebs arCevanis TavisuflebiT da davalebas im formiT asruleben, rogorc moswonT: vin rveulSi wers, vin – poverpointSi, vin videos amzadebs, vin – posterebs. mosmenis nawilic araa uintereso, radgan erTsa da imaves ar ismenen da Tavadac mSvenivrad da argumentirebulad afaseben rogorc sakuTar, aseve sxvis davalebas. moswavleebs surT, yvela maswavlebels mravalferovani gakveTilebi hqondes. mimaCnia, rom moswavleebi zedmetad datvirTuli ar arian, klasSic muSaoben da amzadeben niadags im davalebisTvis, rac saSinaod unda Seasrulon. internetTamaSebi uflangavT bavSvebsac da didebsac dros da ara – davalebebi. yvela saganSi sagakveTilo procesi Tu iqneba normalurad warmarTuli, araferia sawuwuno Tavisufali drois uqonlobis gamo. dros sworad unda dagegmva. dRevandeli programebi keTebiT swavlazea agebuli, moswavleebi klasSi akeTeben yvelafer imas, rasac saxlSi saSinao davalebis saxiT Seajameben. aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvebs mSobelTa yuradReba akliaT da skolaSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, mSivrebi dadian. yvelaze didi problema es mgonia. mSobelTa udrooba da saWiro dros swori daxmarebis arcodnaa sazogadoebrivi problema. zogadad, klasSi 15-18 moswavleze meti ar unda iyos. arakompetenturi maswavlebeli ar unda Sediodes skolaSi, SeiZleba mkacrad JRerdes, rasac vityvi, magram dRes Zalian bevri maswavlebeli araa klasSi SesaSvebi. ramdeni vici, WiriviT ezareba skola da gakveTili, magram xelfasi unda da dadis. aseTi maswavlebeli bavSvs verc Tavs Seayvarebs da verc sagans. araprofesionali kadrebis codva universitetebs awevT. Cemi yofili moswavleebi rom meubnebian, skolaSi rac gvaswavleT, isic dagvaviwyda universitetSio, aseTi saswavlebeli dasaxuria. saatestato gamocdebis gauqmeba didi Secdoma mgonia. saministrom Tavi moityua, roca sagamocdo zRvrebi daiyvana zedmetad dabla. aplikants hgonia, rom Caabara da sakmarisia misi momzadebis done da manam ver afasebs Tavis codnas, sanam saqmis keTebas ar daiwyebs. maswavleblis xelfasi unda iyos cxovrebis uzrunvelyofis saSualeba, raTa ar dasWirdes sxva Semosavlebze fiqri. mokled, yvelgan da yvelaferSi sazogadoebrivi gulgriloba damRupvelia, mxolod siyvarulSia xsna, saqmisa da bavSvis siyvarulSi, Torem, rac ar ici, roca giyvars da ginda, iswavli. ganviTarebis uamravi saSualeba da resursia dRes, – gviTxra lia qamadaZem.
klinikuri fsiqologi, fsiqoTerapevti, arasamTavrobo organizacia `ialqanis~ adamianuri resursebis marTvis menejeri zurab qarCava Tvlis, rom skolaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi garemoa.
misi azriT, dRemde bevr skolaSi am mxriv mZime suraTia – iq nacrisferi kedlebi, magidebi, dafebi da, zogadad, araSemoqmedebiTi garemo gvxvdeba.
– bavSvebi dilidan TiTqmis dRis sam saaTamde imyofebian skolaSi, maT Soris Zalian bevria siRaribis zRvars miRma myofi ojaxebidan da, SeiZleba iTqvas, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mSivrebi arian. Sesabamisad, skolam unda uzrunvelyos maTi erTjeradi kveba mainc. Tu bavSvi mSieria, misTvis ganaTlebis procesi ar iqneba aqtualuri, prioritetuli. SimSilSi mxolod kuWis Sevsebas ar vgulisxmob, es aris adamianis bazisuri moTxovnileba, romelic pirdapir kavSirSia uamrav sxva sakiTxTan, magaliTad, kmayofilebis, siamovnebis gancdasTan. aRniSnuli pirdapir kavSirSia agresiasTan, bulingTan, TviTSefasebasTan da ase Semdeg. Zalian kargi iqneba, saganamanaTleblo sivrceSi es komponenti mowesrigebuli iyos imisaTvis, rom bavSvebi orientirebuli iyvnen ganaTlebaze. zogadad, fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebis daukmayofilebloba Zalian did gavlenas axdens mexsierebaze, SemoqmedebiT azrovnebaze da ase Semdeg. yvela is fsiqikuri da fizikuri funqcia, romelic mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvma gamoiyenos saswavlo procesSi, pirdapir kavSirSia pirveladi fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasTan. aseve, yvelaze aqtualuri sajaro skolebSi klasebis gadatvirTulobaa – pedagogebs did jgufebTan uwevT muSaoba da koncentraciis gadanawileba, rac metad rTulia. zogadad, bavSvebis raodenoba klasSi unda iyos maqsimum 18, es aris msoflio ganaTlebis sistemebSi dadgenili raodenoba. aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT bavSvTa fsiqologiuri, emociuri da socialuri Taviseburebebi – asakis mixedviT. pirveli etapi gamoiyofa meeqvse, meSvide klasamde, meore etapi – mecxre klasamde, ZiriTadad, mecxre klasSi xdeba `me~ koncefciis Camoyalibeba, bavSvebSi mozardobis xana dgeba, rac maTSi did cvlilebebs iwvevs. SeiZleba iTqvas, es mZime periodia, iwyeba emociebis gauxeSebac, garkveuli konfliqtebic. am dros mniSvnelovania moswavle aRviqvaT rogorc Tanaswori, pirovneba. pedagogi mas ise unda elaparakos, rogorc did adamians. maT Wkuis swaleba naklebad moswonT am periodSi. pirovnebaze orientirebuli dialogiT SeiZleba mivaRwioT Sedegs. mimaCnia, rom skolaSi individualuri gasaubrebis kulturaa dasanergi da amosaRebia mSobelTa krebebis sabWouri, komunisturi gadmonaSTi, romelic, vfiqrob, naklebad efeqturia da raime gansakuTrebul dadebiT Sedegs ar gvaZlevs. aqve minda Sevexo kidev erT sakiTxs – saSinao davalebebis kulturas, romelic mZime stress moicavs. es unda iyos nebayoflobiTi, ar unda hqondes moTxovnis da aucileblobis saxe. arian bavSvebi, visac SeuZlia damoukideblad muSaoba, magram arian iseTebic, romlebsac skolis Semdeg maTi pirovnuli cxovrebis menejmenti datvirTuli aqvT sxvadasxva aqtivobiT. am yvelafris Semdeg, saxlSi rom brundebian, Tavidan uwevT savarjiSoebze muSaoba. faqtobrivad, skola arasdros sruldeba, rasac mZimed egueba bavSvi. saSinao davalebebis Sesrulebis nebayoflobiTad gadaqcevam Zalian didi da dadebiTi Sedegebi SeiZleba mogvces – Semcirdeba stresi, dalagdeba urTierTobebi mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris, aseve pedagogebTanac, anu skola unda dasruldes skolaSi, es aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani. mimaCnia, rom saganmanaTleblo procesi, saswavlo dinamika Tu traeqtoria unda imarTebodes moswavleTa, pedagogTa da sxva specialistTa Sereuli TviTmmarTvelobis mier, romlis mTavari samuSao iqneba bavSvebis krizisuli situaciebis marTva. igi orientirebuli iqneba bavSvTa ganviTarebaze, mxars dauWers da izrunebs skolaSi TiToeuli moswavlis uflebis dacvaze. aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saganmanaTleblo process daematos fsiqikuri janmrTelobis gakveTilebi, sqesobrivi aRzrdis, finansTa da biznessakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli sagnebi. skolebSi unda gauqmdes quliT Sefasebis sistema. meeqvse klasamde sagakveTilo procesi orientirebuli unda iyos TamaSiT swavlebaze, mecxre klasidan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmos profesiuli orientaciis sakiTxebs. saskolo zeimebsa Tu SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTis aqtivobebSi CarTva unda iyos nebayoflobiTi, sakanonmdeblo sivrceSi mowesrigdes gakveTilis Teoriuli da praqtikuli sinTezireba. naxevari dro daeTmos Teorias, naxevari dro – praqtikas. aikrZalos wignebis da sxva sakancelario nivTebis tareba zurgCanTebiT, TiToeuli skola aRWurvili, mowesrigebuli unda iyos biblioTekiT da sakiTxavi darbaziT, skolebSi gamoiyos sarelaqsacio da gantvirTvis oTaxi. TiToeuli sagnis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis Sesabamisad mowesrigdes oTaxebis garemo. es is CamonaTvalia, romelTa realobaSi gadmotana bavSvebisTvis skolas aqcevs yvelaze sasurvel sivrced, sadac Tavs bednierad da daculad igrZnoben, – ganacxada zurab qarCavam.
Cvenma respondentebma araerT mniSvnelovan komponentze gaamaxviles yuradReba, magram erT-erT mTavar sakiTxad, romelic saxelmwifom droulad unda gadaWras, mainc saskolo kveba miaCniaT. socialurad daucvelia Tu ara bavSvi, kveba yvela maTganisTvis aucilebelia da igi unda iyos ufaso. kveba pirdapirproporciulad aisaxeba maT akademiur Sedegebze.