მავნებელ-დაავადებათა წინააღმდეგ ბრძოლის ახალი რეგულაციები
ოთარ ცინარიძე 599 85 21 14 –
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos xiWauris wminda abuserisZe tbelis saswavlo universitetis profesorma, akademiurma doqtorma rezo vasaZem am dReebSi Tavisi naSromi waradgina saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis sxdomaze.
– batono rezo, mokled gviTxariT naSromze, romelsac aseTi gamoxmaureba mohyva.
– mecnierul naSroms `aWaris naZvnari koromebis saerTo sanitariuli mdgomareobis gauaresebis gamomwvevi mizezebi da satyeo sataqsacio maCveneblebis dinamika tyis tipebis mixedviT~, wlebis ganmavlobaSi vaswavli (1999-2022 ww)… da aramarto samecniero kuTxiT. es Cemi samsaxurebrivi movaleobacaa, rogorc ssip `aWaris satyeo saagentos tyis mavnebel daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis samsaxuris~ ufrosis da umaRles saswavleblebSi – leqtor-maswavleblis. amitom vfiqrob, aq gansakuTrebuli araferia. msgavsi sxvadasxva samecniero naSromi sxva drosac bevrjer gvaqvs wardgenili saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi, romlebic daibeWda rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve ucxo qveynis JurnalebSi. wels, 21 marts – tyis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT, isev dagegmilia axali, metad saintereso samecniero naSromis wardgena, romelic SemdgomSi monografiadac gamoqveyndeba, rogorc sarekomendacio naSromi.
– ra faqtorebma ganapiroba am mimarTulebiT mecnieruli kvlevis Catareba?
– dRes yvelaze mwvave Tema globaluri daTbobaa da es klimatis cvlilebiTaa gamowveuli, romlis uSualo zemoqmedebiT, wyalSi, haersa da dedamiwaze icvleba cocxali organizmebi rogorc saxeobrivad, ise raodenobrivad. gavrcelda iseTi invaziuri mavnebel-daavadebebi, romelTa arseboba Cveni qveynis satyeo istorias ar axsovs, xolo arsebuli masobrivad gamravlda da gaafarTova gavrcelebis areali. aman saqarTvelos flora da fauna seriozuli safrTxis winaSe daayena, bevr saxeobas ki gadaSenebis safrTxe Seuqmna. amis mkafio magaliTia bzis alura – (igi saqarTveloSi dafiqsirda 2013 wels), romelic maradmwvane kolxuri bzis foTlebiT, ylortebiTa da qerqiT ikvebeba. amave saxeobas Zlier asnebovnebs egreT wodebuli bzis sidamwvre, romlis gamomwvevia soko (saqarTveloSi dafiqsirda 2011 wels.). wablis menaRme CrCili metad seriozuli mavnebelia, gansakuTrebiT Zlierad azianebs cxenis wabls, aranakleb ziandeba Cveulebrivi wablic. sxvadasxva samecniero kvlevis Tanaxmad, cxenis wabli im 400 saxeobis xes Sorisaa, romlis 42 procenti gadaSenebis riskis qveSaa. 58 procenti mxolod evropaSia SemorCenili. wablis menaRme CrCili saqarTveloSi pirvelad 2007 wlis ivlisSi dafiqsirda. man Cvens habitatebSi masobrivi gavrceleba ise ver hpova, rom sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos wablnarebs saqarTveloSi da msoflios bevr qveyanaSi, sadac Cveulebrivi saWmeli wablia gavrcelebuli. xmobis mTavari mizezi wablis qerqis kiboa, romlis gamomwvevia soko . bolo periodSi masobrivad gamravlda naZvis qerqiWamia, romelmac mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da ekologiuri ziani miayena soflis mimdebare naZvnar koromebs, sadac niadagi Txelia da sakmarisi raodenobiT sakvebi ver miewodeba mcenares. gansakuTrebiT gvalvian periodSi adgili aqvs jgufur-kerobrivi tipis xmobas. swored aseTma globalurma problemebma migviyvana im daskvnamde, rom sakmarisi ar aris mxolod monitoringi da tyis sanitariuli mdgomareobis Sefaseba, aramed saWiroa sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelSi, sxvadasxva xnovanebis, saxeobrivi Semadgenlobisa da sixSiris koromebSi, zRvis donidan sxvadasxva simaRleze Catardes dakvirveba, mecnieruli kvleva, masalebis mopoveba, kameralurad damuSaveba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki laboratoriuli kvlevebi, raTa gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavaadebebis winaaRmdeg miznobrivad da droulad gatardes brZolis RonisZiebebi.
– Tqven mier CamoTvlili mavnebel-daavadebebi mxolod aWaris pirobebSia gavrcelebuli Tu igive mdgomareobaa saqarTvelos danarCen regionebsa da sxva qveynebSi?
– am mavnebel-daavadebebis gavrceleba, uaryofiTi zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli ziani da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, met-naklebi intensivobiT, yvelganaa, rogorc saqarTvelos danarCen regionebSi, ise evropisa da aziis qveynebSi. magaliTad, paTogenuri sokos zemoqmedebam TiTqmis mTlianad gaanadgura amerikuli wabli, rasac mecnierebma botanikuri katastrofa uwodes. CvenTan am daavadebis gavrcelebasTan erTad, bunebrivad gavrcelda hipovirulenturi Stami, romelic am daavadebas ebrZvis, Trgunavs, asustebs, masobrivi zemoqmedebis unars ukargavs da xe nawilobriv xmeba. garkveuli drois Semdeg varjis ganaxleba xdeba da msxmoiarobs. ase meordeba ramdenjerme. didi ziani moaqvT qerqiWamiebs, romlebic masobrivadaa gavrcelebuli evropis, ruseTis teritoriebze, aseve mezobeli TurqeTis naZvnarebSi. mravali qveyana, roca masobrivad xdeba mavne mwerebis afuTqareba da gamravleba, ar ebrZvis mas da Tvlis, rom es bunebrivia da TviTon buneba daaregulirebs procesebs, magram es xdeba did qveynebSi, romlebsac didi raodenobiT aqvT tye da geografiulad Znelad misadgom adgilebSia. Cven saamiso fufuneba ar gvaqvs. Cveni buneba Tavisi mravalferovnebiT evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanas aRemateba, magram teritoriuli sididiT CamorCeba. cota tye gvaqvs, amitom, rogorc sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan resurss, droulad unda mivxedoT da gavufrTxildeT.
– ra RonisZiebebi tardeba am problemebis mosagvareblad?
– mavnebel-daavadebebis Semcirebisa da tyis calkeuli saxeobebis sanitariuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT, winaswar Seswavlili masalebisa da daskvnis safuZvelze, xorcieldeba brZolis integrirebuli da diferencirebuli RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa feromoniani mwerdamWerebis ganTavseba, mwerebiT dasaxlebul naZvnarebSi mwerdamWeri xeebis momzadeba-ganTavseba, laboratoriul pirobebSi entomofagi mwerebis gamoyvana da qerqiWamiebiT dasaxlebul xis qerqis qveS Casaxleba, xmeli xe-tyis moWra, gaqerqva, tyekafis narCenebisagan gawmenda, daxurgva, gaqerqili xe-tyis samanqane gzaze gamotana da mosaxleobisTvis gacema. dasaxelebuli samuSaoebis nawili dafinansebas moiTxovs, raSic didia aWaris mTavrobis mxardaWera.
– uSualod calkeuli mecnierebis Sefasebas Tu gaixsenebT?
– rogorc mogaxseneT, mavnebel-daavadebebis gavrceleba da maTi uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba, tyis koromebis cudi sanitariuli mdgomareoba, gameCxereba an sruli degradacia siaxles ar warmoadgens. maTi gavrceleba met-naklebi intensivobiT, yovelTvis iyo da momavalSic iqneba. sxvadasxva mecnieris samecniero naSromebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi qerqiWamiebis sxvadasxva saxeoba masobrivad yofila gavrcelebuli jer kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi. misi uaryofiTi zemoqmedebiT, 1904 wels borjomis naZvnarebSi didi raodenobiT xe gaxma, 1912-1913 wlebSi ki, usistemo Wrebis Sedegad, qerqiWamiebi saqarTvelos mTel teritorias moedo. 1941-1945 wlebSi qalaq baRdadis (maSindeli maiakovskis) mimdebare naZvnar tyeSi milionze meti xe gaxma. 1952 wels mbeWdavi qerqiWamia dafiqsirda baRdadSi, Semdeg, 1966 wels, xuloSi. 1956 wels cimbiridan gauqerqav naZvis morebs Semohyva da masobrivad gavrcelda naZvis didi lafanWamia, romelic gavrcelebuli iyo aramarto saqarTveloSi. am mavneblis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebis Seswavlas didi dro moandoma mecnierebam. am dros qarTvelma mecnierma daviT kobaxiZem aRmoaCina lafanWamiis bunebrivi mteri – didi rizofagusi. daiwyo misi gamoyvana xelovnurad da naZvnarebSi Casaxleba, riTac Semdgom sxva qveynebmac isargebles. es meTodi dResac warmatebiT gamoiyeneba. 1955 wels gavrcelda Telis holandiuri daavadeba, romelmac TiTqmis mTlianad gaaxmo Tela saqarTveloSi da ase Semdeg. uamravi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba warsulidan, romelTa CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans, magram dRes yvelaze metad gvWirdeba sifrTxile bunebasTan damokidebulebaSi, radgan daTboba da klimaturi cvlilebebi bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedebis, gauTvaliswinebeli Carevis Sedegia. TiToeuli Cvenganis aragonivrulma qmedebam SeiZleba gamousworebeli safrTxis winaSe daayenos Cveni saerTo sacxovrebeli saxli – dedamiwa. tyis sxva sakiTxebze 1990 wlidan vmuSaob da dRemde vagrZeleb xulos, Suaxevis, qedis, xelvaCauris, qobuleTis, ozurgeTis, Coxatauris, zestafonis, axalcixis, adigenis, aspinZa-axalqalaqis, fSav-xevsureTisa da sxva teritoriebze.
– yvelaferi damoukideblad SeZeliT Tu. . .
– aris sakiTxi, romlis Seswavlas savele pirobebSi marto ver SeZleb da aucileblad gWirdeba daxmareba. aris sakiTxi, romlis Seswavla savele pirobebSi dakvirvebas, aRricxvas moiTxovs wlis sxvadasxva periodSi da es saqme damoukideblad unda akeTo. minda visargeblo SemTxveviT da Tqveni gazeTiT madloba gadavuxado yvelas, vinc damexmara fizikurad da gonebrivad, gansakuTrebiT, Cems kolegebs samsaxurebrivad da mecnierebs, romlebmac gamiziares TavianTi codna da praqtikuli gamocdileba – maTi CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans. didia adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Tanadgoma – maT RamisTeviT vstumrob da vawuxeb. aWaraSi xSirad Camodian sxvadasxva universitetis mecnieri muSakebi, dargis specialistebi. memorandumis farglebSi vTanamSromlobT mezobeli TurqeTis respublikis arTvinis satyeosTan, arTvinisa da rizes universitetebTan, aseve, sxva qveynebis universitetebTan.
– am etapze ra mdgomareobaa mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis mimarTulebiT?
– saxelmwifo miznobrivi programis farglebSi, naZvis qerqiWamiebis winaaRmdeg dagegmilia feromoniani mwerdamWerebis ganTavseba da sanitariuli Wrebis Catareba. garda amisa, entomofagi mwerebis gamoyvana da qerqiWamiebiT dasaxlebul naZvnarebSi Casaxleba, wablnarebis sanitariuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT – hipovirulenturi Stamebis gamoyvana da dasaxlebul qerqSi Casaxleba, sxva uamravi saqme, romelic mimdinare procesSi iCens Tavs da gadaudebeli RonisZiebis gatarebas moiTxovs.
– ucxoeli, kerZod, germaneli eqspertebi TavianT mosazrebebs gvTavazoben. maT rekomendaciebs rogor afasebT?
– aWaris satyeo saagentos ganviTarebis proeqts `tyis mdgradi marTva aWaraSi~ germaniis federaciuli respublika da rekonstruqciis sakredito banki K axorcieleben. proeqtis sakonsultacio momsaxurebas axorcielebs konsorciumi, romelic aerTianebs bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis kavkasiis programis ofiss, F germaniasa da germaniis hesenis federaluri mxaris saxelmwifo satyeo saagento. igi miznad isaxavs aWaris satyeo saagentos tyis marTvis srulyofil organod gardaqmnas, romelic ganaxorcielebs tyis mdgradi marTvis srul cikls, maT Soris, tyis movla-aRdgenas, klimaturi cvlilebebis mimarT tyis mdgradobis gaZlierebas, tyiT sargeblobis mdgradi praqtikis danergvas da saSeSe-samasale merqniT mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofas. es ganmarteba damajereblad miuTiTebs, rom proeqti kargia da misi ganxorcieleba bevr problemas gadawyvets, pirvel rigSi, TviT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sasargeblod. xe-tyis momxmarebels aRar eqneba xe-tyis damzadebis, gamozidvis problema da sxva, rac mZime fizikur samuSaoebTan erTad, did xarjTan da riskebTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tavidan avicilebT tyis wesebis darRvevebs, bunebis dazianebas da sxva saxis riskebs. proeqti sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, moicavs specialistebis momzadebas, maT specialuri tansacmliT da Sesabamisi samuSao xelsawyoebiT aRWurvas. tyis resursebis mopoveba-moxmareba saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2021 wlis maisis dadgenilebiTaa gansazRvruli da misi darRveva kanoniT isjeba.
– zogierTi fermeri apirebs, pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli nakveTebis nawili tyes dauTmos. aseT dros isini merqans ra formiT moixmaren?
– `kerZo sakuTrebis tyeSi sameurneo WriT xe-tyis damzadebis samarTlebrivi safuZvelia tyis mesakuTris an tyis marTvis organos mier Sedgenili werilobiTi dokumenti, romelSic miTiTebulia Sesasrulebeli samuSao da dasamzadebeli merqnis moculoba~, – asea miTiTebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2021 wlis maisis dadgenilebaSi. mgoni, amiT yvelaferia naTqvami.
– Tqveni kvlevebi, rekomendaciebi, daskvnebi dainteresebul auditorias ra formiT miewodeba?
– zogierTi sakiTxi atvirTulia saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis vebgverdze, aseve, gamoqveynebulia Jurnal-gazeTebSi. vapireb studentebisa da dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis damxmare saxelmZRvanelos gamocemas.
– dabolos, eSveleba Cvens tyeebs?
– Tu SevadarebT 2004 wlamde da iqidan dRemde arsebul mdgomareobas tyis dacvis, aRdgenis, tyiTsargeblobis, transportiTa da saWiro xelsawyo-iaraRebiT aRWurvilobis kuTxiT, davrwmundebiT, rom mdgomareoba radikalurad Secvlilia. rom araferi vTqvaT yvela Sesrulebul samuSaoze da marto tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis statistika moviSvelioT, sagrZnobi winsvla ikveTeba. 2013 wlidan dRemde sxvadasxva municipalitetis teritoriebze 1100 heqtari tyea aRdgenili, romlis didi nawili ukve asrulebs niadagdacviT da wyalmaregulirebel funqcias. yovelwliurad mimdinareobs satyeo-sameurneo gzebis mSenebloba da arsebuli gzebis SekeTeba, ramac minimumamde Seamcira tyis ukanono Wrebi. tyis sanitariuli gaumjobesebis mizniT, tardeba sxvadasxva saxis RonisZieba. 2014 wlidan dRemde, tyis dacvis mizniT, laboratoriaSi bevri kargi saqme keTdeba. esaa mavnebel-daavadebebis amocnoba, tyeSi gavrcelebis arealis dadgena, dasaxlebis intensivobis gansazRvra, mosalodneli safrTxeebis prognozireba da maT winaaRmdeg gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis dagegmareba, ramac kargi Sedegi gamoiRo.
