,,ქართული ენა ქართველთა იდენტობის უპირველესი ნიშანია”
ოთარ ცინარიძე 599 85 21 14 –
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori mamia faRava ukve 67 wlisaa. 45 wlis winaT, roca saqarTvelos saxelovani Svilebi da axalgazrdoba qarTuli enis dasacavad gamovida, maSin igi baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutSi swavlobda. sxva baTumel studentebTan erTad avtonomiuri respublikis konstituciaSi qarTuli enis saxelmwifo enad CawerisTvis ibrZoda. dRes igi Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelisTvis im rTul periods gaixsenebs.
– batono mamia, gviambeT im procesebze, rac maSin sabWoTa kavSiris konstituciis axali variantis miRebas ukavSirdeboda.
– gegma aseTi iyo: jer mokavSire respublikebs unda mieRoT konstituciebi, Semdeg miiRebdnen ssrk konstitucias, romelSic `asaxuli~ iqneboda mokavSire respublikebis mTavari interesebi. mas uwodebdnen ganviTarebuli socializmis konstitucias (sxvaTa Soris, es safexuri imxanad moifiqres), `erTi nabijiRa~ gvaklda komunizmamde. sabWoTa ideologiis mamebi darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom ukve Camoyalibda an TiTqmis Camoyalibda adamianTa axali erToba – sabWoTa xalxi, romelic eswrafvis, aaSenos saocnebo sazogadoeba – komunizmi. swored aq cdebodnen. araviTar xalxTa axal erTobaze ar SeiZleboda laparaki. saqarTveloSi sxvagvarad fiqrobdnen. mcire naperwkali iyo saWiro, rom erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba saaSkaraoze gamosuliyo.
– 14 aprilamde ra kavSirebi gqondaT baTumel da Tbilisel studentebs?
– Cveulebrivi – vxvdebodiT xolme erTmaneTs samecniero konferenciebze, sxvaganac. vmegobrobdiT, vTanamSromlobdiT, viwvevdiT baTumSi, Tavadac gviwvevdnen. vmegobrobdiT Tbilisel, Telavel, gorel, cxinvalel, soxumel, quTaisel studentebTan, gvqonda saintereso Sexvedrebi. . . maxsendeba studentTa respublikuri samecniero konferencia soxumSi, 1977 weli iyo, swored am konferenciis masalebSi daibeWda Cemi pirveli Sroma, moxsenebis Tezisebi. studenturma konferenciebma, Sexvedrebma gamokveTa Cemi Taobis samomavlo interesebi. institutis damTavrebis Semdeg vicodiT, ra gzas davdgomodiT. . .
– avtonomiuri respublikis maSindelma liderebma ratom ar gaiTvaliswines qarTuli enis Taobaze TbilisSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi, ris gamoc axalgazrdebs lamis sicocxlis fasad dagijdaT aWaris konstituciaSi saxelmwifo enad qarTuli enis Setana?
– rodesac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis axali konstituciis proeqti presaSi gamoqveynda da vnaxeT, rom igi SesabamisobaSi ar iyo saqarTvelos ukve miRebul konstituciasTan (saqme exeboda qarTuli enis statuss aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis axal konstituciaSi), Cveni mosazreba CamovayalibeT werilobiT. 50-ze metma studentma movawereT xeli da gavugzavneT aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis xelmZRvanelobas, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis sakonstitucio komisias, romelic `adgenda~ konstituciis proeqts, pasuxismgebeli iyo organizaciebSi mis `sayovelTao ganxilvaze~ da Semosuli SeniSvnebisa da winadadebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, qmnida konstituciis saboloo redaqcias, romelsac dasamtkiceblad warudgenda aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos sesias. Cveni mosazrebebi gavugzavneT sxva organizaciebsac, maT Soris, aWaris mweralTa kavSirs, Tumca yurad ar iRes axalgazrdebis azri. aRvniSnav, rom sesiamde aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis pirvel pirTan Sexvedraze iyvnen maSindeli studentebi vaxtang Rlonti da malxaz sioriZe (cal-calke esaubrnen maT). studentTa warmomadgenlebma axalgazrdobis azri gadasces mTavrobas. mogvianebiT vaxtang Rlonti gaixsenebs Sexvedras partiis aWaris saolqo komitetis pirvel mdivanTan: `axla mivdivar da ras damabarebT axalgazrdebTan, ra gadavce maT?~ (mgoni sworad maxsovs batoni vaxtangis naTqvami, azri namdvilad es iyo) – gamoTxovebisas ase uTxra mdivans. Sedegi arc am cdas mohyolia. `zemoT~ gadawyvetileba ukve miRebuli iyo. . . magram maT verc warmoedginaT, Tu aseTi winaaRmdegoba SexvdebodaT. miCveulebi iyvnen amgvari dokumentebis `damswreTa taSis grialSi~ miRebas, amjerad ki ver gaTvales. aqve vityvi, rom mogvianebiT, 1998 wels, davinteresdi 1978 wlis aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis maisis sesiis masalebiT. aWaris saxelmwifo arqivSi moviZie didi saqaRalde. jer erTi, arsad Canda studentTa mier gagzavnili werili, ramac erTxel kidev guli matkina. meorec, sesiaze aravin fiqrobda, exsenebina mainc studentTa (da ara marto) werili, mosazreba. mxolod fridon xalvaSma Tavis gamosvlaSi aRniSna, Semosuliao studentTa werili-moTxovna. aravin moismina batoni fridonis naTqvami. sesiis masalebis wamkiTxavi verafers igrZnobs 1978 wlis 26 maisis cxeli baTumuri dRis Sesaxeb. arada, marTlac, cxeli dRe iyo pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. Cans, viRacam Segnebulad gadamala sazogadoebrivi azris gamomxatveli dokumenti; viRacam saWirod ar CaTvala misi arqivSi gadagzavna. iq xom ufro `mniSvnelovani istoriuli masalebi~ Seitanes STamomavlobisTvis Sesanaxad?! maxsendeba, 26 maiss, diliT leninis moedanze Sekrebil momitingeebTan Camosuli Tu gamogzavnili ramdenime deputatis sityvebi: `wadiT, daiSaleT, Cven ukve yvelaferi gadavwyviteT!~. ki magram, ra gadawyviteT?! nuTu TqvenTvis arafers niSnavs Sekrebili amdeni adamiani saolqo komitetis Senobis win, qalaqis centralur moedanze?! bunebrivia, aravis ufiqria saxlSi wasvla, piriqiT ki iyo. . . `Cven ukve gadavwyviteT~ – es sityvebi dResac Camesmis, upasuxismgeblo da upativcemulo gancxadeba (maTi saxeebi maxsovs, gvarebic, xSirad vxvdebodi qalaqSi, magram aq maT saxelebs ar vaxseneb, radgan cocxalTa Soris aRar arian. meorecaa – isini darwmunebulni iyvnen TavianT simarTleSi, sabWoTa xelisuflebis siZliereSi da rom gekiTxa, axalgazrdobas, zogadad, Sekrebilebs ufrTxildebodnen. bevri maTgani xom Tbilisis 1956 wlis gamosvlebis momswre da monawilec iyo). momitingeebs TandaTan emateboda xalxi, dilis 11-12 saaTisaTvis moedanze teva aRar iyo. gvian ikadra xelisuflebam momitingeebTan gamosvla. aRar Sevudgebi detalebis aRweras, amis Sesaxeb araerT publikaciaSia saubari. mTavari isaa, rom sabolood xalxis moTxovnas angariSi gauwia xelisuflebam. es iyo, Tbilisis 14 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg, SemTxveva, rodesac xelisuflebam ukan daixia. am dReebma stimuli misca erovnuli moZraobis gaaqtiurebasa da iatakqveSeTidan gamosvlas. didi dRe iyo 14 aprili da misi gagrZeleba – 26 maisi saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi. 14 aprils yovelwliurad vixsenebT Tundac imitom, rom mogvianebiT igi dedaenis dRed gamocxadda, baTumuri 26 maisi ki TandaTan daviwyebas eZleva, rac arasworia.
– saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxurebisa da partiuli elitis zewolis ra momentebs gaixsenebdiT?
– partiuli elitisagan verafers: arasodes vyofilvar komunisturi partiis wevri da arc raime Sexeba da valdebuleba mqonia maTTan. rac Seexeba saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxurs, mqonda maTTan Sexvedra 26 maisis ambebTan dakavSirebiT: maxsovs, 28 maisi iyo, institutSi misuls kadrebis ganyofilebaSi Semxvda uSiSroebis podpolkovniki (arc mis gvars vasaxeleb) da miTxra, SenTan sasaubro maqvs da sam saaTze `inturistis~ SesasvlelTan dagelodebio. megobrebs rom vuTxari, damibara uSiSroebis TanamSromelma-meTqi, midio, mirCies. ramdenime ukve namyofi iyo xsenebul batonTan Sexvedraze. SevxvdiT, karga xans gagrZelda Cveni saubari sastumros 225-e oTaxSi. oficeri gansakuTrebuli agresiulobiT gamoirCeoda-meTqi rom giTxraT, marTali ar viqnebi. mTxovda, damesaxelebina, vin xelmZRvanelobda studentebs, vin gaukeTa organizeba gamosvlebs da ase Semdeg. Cemi pasuxi iyo: vinc studentur werilze xeli moawera, yvela viyaviT organizatori-meTqi. maSin, iqneb gaixseno, werili vin dawerao. radgan movawereT xeli, werilis avtorebic Cven varT, koleqtiuri avtori hyavs am werils-meTqi, Tanac iseTi ra gviweria am werilSi, rasac Zieba sWirdeba? Cveni azri xom gacxadebulia da araferia dafaruli-meTqi, Semdeg Cemi naTqvamidan gamomdinare xelwerili damawerina, romelSic gavimeore, rac zemoT vTqvi da ase davSordiT erTmaneTs. am dRis Semdeg am Temaze uSiSroebis warmomadgenelTan saubari ar mqonia, sxva Temebze – araerTxel.
– studentebs yvelaze metad gverdiT vin edga im dReebSi?
– aqtiuri Cveni Taoba iyo, institutis profesor-maswavlebelTagan bevri CvenTan erTad idga leninis moedanze mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi. umetesoba Cvens azrs iziarebda, zogierTs ar moswonda axalgazrdobis ganwyoba, magram mainc iq idga. madloba yvelas im dRis gaziarebisTvis. Segnebulad ar davasaxeleb saxelebs, vaiTu, vinme gamovtovo.
– TbilisSi miznobriv aspiranturaSi swavlisas mitingebSi monawileobas xom ar gaxsenebdnen?
– Cemi axalgazrdobis saukeTeso wlebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi gavatare rogorc aspirantma. aspiranturis kurss gavdiodi filologiis fakultetze, axali qarTuli enis kaTedraze batoni ivane qavTaraZis xelmZRvanelobiT. bevri ram sasikeTo SemZina Tbilisis universitetma da, zogadad, Tbilisma. marto Tbiliseli kolegebi da samegobro rad Rirs. . . ambad Tu gavixsenebdiT 1978 wlis april-maisis movlenebs, Torem zemdgomT arasodes SeuxsenebiaT es arcTu Zveli ambebi. Tbilisis universitetma qveyanaSi yvelaze sworad Seafasa 14 aprilica da 26 maisic.
– warmatebuli aspirantisa da erovnuli moZraobis monawilis mimarT qarTuli enis mebairaxtreni madlierebas gamoxatavdnen?
– aspiranturis periodi ganswavlisa da mecnieruli wrTobis wlebi iyo. Tbilisis universitetma, konkretulad, axali qarTuli enis kaTedram, Cemma samecniero xelmZRvanelebma yvelaferi gaakeTes, gza rom gamekvlia mecnierebaSi. mTeli cxovreba momyveba madlierebis grZnoba Cemi maswavleblebisadmi. maTi Cemdami damokidebuleba didi gakveTili iyo. aqedan gamomdinare, madlobas isini ki ar mixdidnen, piriqiT, madlieri me var Cemdami zrunvisTvis.
– qveynisTvis Znelbedobis wlebSi baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTuli enis kaTedris gamge iyaviT. ras akeTebdiT mSobliuri enisTvis?
– 1992 – 2006 wlebSi viyavi qarTuli enis kaTedris gamge, iqamde (1991-1992 ww) – istoria-filologiis fakultetis dekani. paralelurad, 1991 wlidan, vxelmZRvanelobdi qarTuli enisa da literaturis kaTedras baTumis damoukidebel universitetSi. bunebrivia, Cemi da Cemi kolegebis saqmianobis mTavari prioriteti iyo qarTuli enis kvleva da swavleba. aRvniSnav, rom baTumis axalgazrda universiteti imxanad did mniSvnelobas aniWebda qarTuli enis swavlebas. qarTuli enisa da qarTuli literaturis zogadi kursebi iswavleboda yvela specialobaze, rac zrdida qarTulis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis avtoritets da misi codnis xarisxs. am mimarTulebiT saintereso nabijebi gadaidga. dasanania, rom reformis Semdeg `qarTuli enis praqtikuli kursi~ amoiRes yvela programidan, Seitanes `akademiuri wera~, romelic TavisTavad mniSvnelovani sagania, magram igi ver anacvlebs `qarTuli enis praqtikul kurss~, mas sxva datvirTva da mizani hqonda. rac Seexeba qarTuli enis kvlevas Cvens universitetSi: TiTqmis sami aTeuli welia Cveni TanamSromlebi warmatebiT ikvleven samxrul metyvelebas/qarTuli enis samxrul kiloebs – aWarul, SavSur, klarjul da taour dialeqtebs. aWaruli dialeqtis Seswavlis saqme Cvenamdec sakmaod win iyo wasuli ufrosi Taobis specialistTa kvlevebiT. aWarulis rig problemebs ikvlevdnen da ikvleven saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis niko berZeniSvilis saxelobis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi (axla – bsu niko berZeniSvilis instituti), rac Seexeba sxva samxrul kiloebs, maTi kvleva Cveni mkvlevrebis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia. istoriul samxreT saqarTveloSi, Woroxis qveynebsa da TurqeTis respublikis Siga provinciebSi gaSenebul qarTvel muhajirTa dasaxlebebSi Cvenma jgufma moawyo 40-ze meti kompleqsuri eqspedicia, Segrovda Zvirfasi dialeqtologiuri, folkloruli, eTnologiuri, arqeologiuri masalebi, daibeWda ramdenime kompleqsuri monografia: `SavSeTi~ (2010), `klarjeTi~ (2016), `tao~ (2020), `maradidi~ (2020), `qarTvel muhajirTa STamomavlebi Tanamedrove TurqeTSi, wigni pirveli, maWaxleli muhajirebi~ (2017), (aRvniSnav, rom 2012-2016 wlebSi bsu-is humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis `qarTvelologiis centri~ intensiurad muSaobda muhajirTa STamomavlebis yofisa da kulturis Sesaswavlad. dasanania, rom proeqti Sewyda da bolomde ver miviyvaneT kargad dawyebuli saqme, monografiiT davasruleT mxolod erTi epizodi). 2023 wels daibeWda meri cincaZis, maia baramiZisa da am striqonebis avtoris monografia `qarTuli enis SavSuri dialeqti~ (gamokvleva, masalebi, leqsikoni), gamosacemad mzaddeba `qarTuli enis klarjuli dialeqti~ imave mkvlevarTa avtorobiT (Cveni mkvlevrebi aseve warmatebiT ikvleven Zveli qarTuli enis, qarTuli enis stilistikis, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis problemebs). aRarafers vambob calkeul statiebsa da moxsenebebze, romelTac Cveni kolegebi aqveyneben sxvadasxva gamocemaSi da kiTxuloben moxsenebas samecniero forumebze. . . sityva gamigrZelda, barem erTsac vityvi: samecniero kvlevebSi CarTuli arian samive safexuris studentebi – bakalavrebi, magistrantebi, doqtorantebi, romlebic agroveben dialeqtologiur masalebs, maTive masalebze dayrdnobiT weren sadiplomo da sadoqtoro naSromebs, riTac myar safuZvels amzadeben aWaruli dialeqtis kvlevis axali etapisTvis.
– qarTul mwerlobaSi dialeqtebis Semotana enas amdidrebda da aZlierebda. aWaruli dialeqtis damkvidrebas ra mniSvnelobas aniWebT?
– aWaruli dialeqti qarTuli enis erT-erTi qvesistemaa, kargad gadarCenili da Cvenamde moRweuli, Tumca dRes, rogorc sxva dialeqtebi, safrTxis winaSe myofi. bunebrivia, Cveni dialeqtic zomierad gamoiyeneba mxatvruli nawarmoebis enaSi. dialeqtizmebis moWarbebuli da aramiznobrivi gamoyeneba mxatvrul nawarmoebSi, vfiqrobT, arasworia. yvela dialeqti saliteraturo enis mTavari masazrdoebelia.
– ras ityviT barbarizmebis damkvidrebaze, romlebsac qarTuli ena ver hguobs?
– informaciul epoqaSi vcxovrobT. dedamiwa TiTqos dapataravda, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT informacia swrafad vrceldeba. . . es yvelaferi aisaxeba enaSi. bunebrivia, axal informacias axali sityvebi Semohyveba yoveldRiur yofaSi, sxvagvarad ena ver Seasrulebs Tavis upirveles funqcias – asaxos cxovreba, Seqmnas samyaros xati. am ukontrolo procesSi enaSi Semodis sityvebi, romelTa nawils dro gamocdis da damkvidrdeba, rogorc nasesxoba, nawili ki daviwyebas miecema. aseTi bevri leqsikuri erTeuli iqneba. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom Tu dRes vinmem romelime ucxouri sityva gamoiyena zepir Tu weriT metyvelebaSi, es sityva enam isesxa da mis kuTvnilebad iqca. ase martivad ar aris saqme. sityvis Semosvlidan/gamoyenebidan sesxebamde grZeli gzaa gasavleli. Cven vebrZviT barbarizmebs, vebrZviT imitom, rom gvsurs davicvaT qarTuli enis siwminde da ase gadavceT igi momaval Taobas. es Cveni Taobis valia, erTi mxriv, meore mxriv ki Cveni Taobis kulturis mTavari maxasiaTebeli.
– am etapze qarTuli enis dacva visi valia?
– qarTuli ena qarTvelTa identobis upirvelesi niSania. gamomdinare aqedan, qarTuli enis dacva yvelas valia, visac Tavi qarTvelad miaCnia. Tu mTelma erma ar mouara Tavis `upirveles saunjes~, calkeuli mcdelobebi sasurvel Sedegs ver gamoiRebs. . .
– dRes ena gansakuTrebiT maxinjdeba, amaSi did rols TamaSoben politikosebic, maRalCinosnebic. . .
– es Zalian Zneli da amave dros mudmivi problemaa. yvela Taoba Civis, rom enas uWirs, rom saWiroa zrunva, ufro metia gasakeTebeli, vidre keTdeba. sxvagvarad, ar gvakmayofilebs arsebuli viTareba. es kargia, es imis niSania, rom vfiqrobT arsebul problemebze. gamosavals raSi vxedav? problema, upirvelesad, Cveni wignierebis dabal doneSia. modi, vTqvaT pirdapir, cudad imitom viciT Cveni ena, rom cotas, an saerTod ar vkiTxulobT, gansakuTrebiT, qarTul klasikur memkvidreobas, cudad vaswavliT zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebsa Tu umaRles saswavleblebSi qarTul enas, qarTuli metyvelebis kulturas. am gaWirvebidan erT-erTi gamosavalia (da ara erTaderTi), srulad aRdges skolebSi qarTuli enis swavleba, umaRles saswavleblebSi ki `qarTuli enis praqtikuli kursi~. amasTan vecadoT, yvelam `qarTulad xsnilad viubnoT~.
