,,ათჯერ მეტის გაკეთება შეიძლებოდა სახელმწიფოს თანადგომით”
oriod Tvis winaT gamoqveynebul werilSi (`aWara~ #5, 19-20 ianvari) `kooperacia gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens~ SevecadeT, `aWarkoopkavSiris~ Tavmjdomaris yofil moadgile omar SamiliSvilTan saubrisas sazogadoebisTvis gveCvenebina, ramdenad ugunuri saqcieli iyo wina saukunis bolosa da 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi kooperaciuli sistemis ngreva, rogori ziani miayena aman qarTul ekonomikas da ra mniSvnlovania dRes sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis sistemis aRorZineba. es Zalian sayuradRebo Temaa da Tavidanve aRvniSneT, rom periodulad mivubrundebodiT
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciaze saubrisas, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom igi ganviTarebulia yvela warmatebul qveyanaSi. vfiqrobT, batoni omaris SexedulebaSi, rom kooperaciis sistemis aRdgena-gaZliereba soflad mcxovreb mosaxleobas ekonomikurad welSi gamarTavs, rac mTeli qveynis ekonomikazec moaxdens dadebiT gavlenas, aris racionaluri marcvali.
adrec vTqviT da gavimeorebT, rom saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisa da soflad dasaqmebis problemebis gadasaWrelad kooperacia, marTlac, gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens. saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebiT garkveuli nabijebi gadaidga, magram kooperacia rTulad ikidebs fexs. saWiroa, soflad mcxovreb adamianebamde kooperaciis ideis sworad mitana. aucilebelia maTTvis axali, realuri SeTavazebebi, axali bazrebi. . . naTelia, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis sagrZnobi aRmavlobisTvis axali, aRmosavleT evropis bazrebi aucilebelia. sasoflo-sameurneo kooperacia ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi amis SesaZleblobas mogvcems, Tumca saxelmwifom meti unda iRonos am mimarTulebiT.
sakmaod didi roli eniWeba am saqmeSi masmediasac. swored amitom dRes am sferos kidev erT warmomadgenels, agronom omar qaTamaZes vesaubrebiT, romelic Tavad gamoexmaura Cvens werils da, ai, ratom:
– CemTvis Zalian axlobeli da gasagebia batoni omar SamiliSvilis gulistkivili soflad mcxovrebi mSromelebis dasaqmebis, maTi moweuli produqciis realizebis, qalaqis mosaxleobis soflis produqtebiT misaReb fasebSi momaragebis problemebTan dakavSirebiT. samwuxarod, dRes sazRvargareTidan Semotanili produqciiT vapurebT Cvens mosaxleobas, maSin roca saqarTvelos miwas sakvebiT ara marto Cveni, aramed bevri sxva qveynis dakmayofilebac SeuZlia. Cveni SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebaa saWiro. danaSaulia, qars atande, anu ar sargeblobde im sikeTeebiT, rasac mSobliuri garemo, miwa, haeri, wyali gaZlevs da sul sxvisgan daxmarebis imediT gqondes xeli gawvdili. aseT pirobebSi, ra Tqma unda, ar viTardeba adgilobrivi soflis meurneoba, mosaxleobac araa gaTviTcnobierebuli, rogor gaitanos Tavisi moweuli produqcia bazarze. Aarada, yvelas kargad mogvexseneba, ra adgili uWiravs soflis meurneobis ganviTarebas qveynis ekonomikaSi da, saerTod, mis winsvlaSi.
– vici, rom Tavad gaikvlieT gza sabWoTa ekonomikis nangrevebSi da SeZeliT sakuTari meurneoba gagemarTaT, rac qveynisTvisac araa urigo saqme. . . rogor moaxerxeT?
– Tavidan daviwyeb, raTa ukeT dainaxos mkiTxvelma, rom mondomeba da Sroma yvela rTul situaciaSi gadamwyvetia. Sps `qobuleTis samkurnalo mcenareebisa da soflis meurneobis produqtebis damzadeba-gadamuSaveba-realizaciis gaerTianeba~ 1972 wels Camoyalibda. es iyo sruliad axali sawarmo 5 heqtar daWaobebul miwis nakveTze sruliad axali ideebiT. veweodiT sxvadasxva mcenaris, yvavilis damzadeba-realizacias, vawarmoebdiT kultivirebul, maradmwvane dekoratiul mcenareebs, romlebsac sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebSi vagzavnidiT. 1981 wels igi `cekavSiris~ saeqsporto samkurnalo mcenareebisa da soflis meurneobis produqtebis damzadeba-gadamuSaveba-realizaciis gaerTianebad gadakeTda `cekavSiris~ daqvemdebarebis qveS. mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT samkurnalo mcenareebs saeqsportod vagrovebdiT, sanacvlod ki yvelaze moTxovnadi da xarisxiani tansacmeli Semogvqonda da raionebSi vanawilebdiT. vaWrobis da damzadebis gasafarToeblad centralur univermagebSi savaWro kuTxeebi ewyoboda. 1986 wels zemoT xsenebuli gaerTianeba `aWarkoopkavSiris~ gamgeobas gadaeca. xelmZRvanelobis xelSewyobiT vamyarebdiT kavSirebs sazRvargareTis qveynebTan gacvliTi operaciebis saxiT. vkontaqtobdiT ruseTis (`vneStorgTan~), germaniis, inglisis, bulgareTis, poloneTis, rumineTis da sxva kapitalisturi saxelmwifoebis sawarmoebTan. 1981-1992 wlebSi 5 heqtari miwis nakveTze avaSeneT saSrob-sasawyobe Senobebi da rac mTavaria, im droisTvis mTel sabWoTa respublikaSi pirveli Txilis satexi, Txilis sarCev-damfasoebeli iaponuri qarxana. es iyo Tanamedrove, orsarTuliani Termoizolirebuli Senoba Txilis miReba-gadamuSavebisa da sxva danadgarebisTvis. Cveni damzadebuli Txili guriaSi, samegrelosa da afxazeTSi aTasobiT tona igzavneboda, 500 tona (garCeuli) – germaniis federaciaSi. 1991 wels Seicvala sabWoTa sistema, SeCerda saeqsporto, saimporto operaciebi, gaTavisufldnen gaerTianebis xelmZRvanelebi, moiyvanes axali mmarTvelebi. . .
– Tqven SeZeliT sakuTari saqmis dawyeba, axal sistemaze morgeba. . .
– axali mmarTvelebis interesebis gamo ar gaiTvaliswines Cemi Txovna da dapireba, rom Tu momcemdnen muSaobis gagrZelebis saSualebas, avamuSavebdi sawarmos. TiTqmis erTi weli davrCiT gaurkvevel viTarebaSi – daufinansebeli da daqucmacebuli. Semdeg saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebis da misi Tanmdevi problemebis gamo kidev ufro dabrkolda warmoebis muSaoba, gafarToeba, Sewyda bankis kreditebis gacema. ramdenjerme warvadgine axali warmoebis ganviTarebis proeqtebi, TiTqos unda damxmarebodnen `aWarkoopkavSiri~ da `cekavSiric~, magram qveyanaSi kuponizacias TandarTuli inflaciiT da arastabilurobiT sruliad gaRaribda mosaxleobac da saxelmwifoc. SevZeli ramdenime dainteresebuli investoris moZieba, magram vinaidan warmoeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi iyo, uars ambobdnen. 1997 wels erTi aseTi msxvili investori iyo `martin baueri~, romelsac undoda gaerTianebis amoqmedeba da misi meSveobiT mTeli saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleobis dasaqmeba rogorc tyis samkurnalo mcenareebis damzadebaSi, aseve kultivirebuli samkurnalo CiTilebiT soflis mosaxleobis momaragebaSi. Cven Sesabamisi pirobebi da gamocdileba gvqonda, aseve – iaponuri Txilis sarCev-damfasoebeli qarxana, romelic did interess iwvevda maTSi. amasTan, yuradReba miipyro `martin baueris~ Tbilisis firmis xelmZRvanelobam, romlebTanac Camovidnen konkretulad saqmis gadasawyvetad germaneli warmomadgenlis winamZRolobiT. daaTvalieres Txilis qarxana da moewonaT, aseve – sawarmos CiTilebi da damxmare sasawyobe meurneobac. dampirdnen, rom yovelwliurad marto samkurnalo CiTilebis warmoebisaTvis gaiRebdnen 300000 aSS dolars, xolo Txilis damzadebisTvis – 500000 aSS dolars. Tumca sabolood, Seikaves Tavi saqarTveloSi mimdinare daZabuli situaciis gamo. me mainc amiyvanes specialistad samkurnalo mcenareebis damzadeba-moyvanisTvis. erT weliwads davumzade 100 tona askilis nayofi, 50 tona xozika, SeviZine 10 tona polpola, 12 tona ukvdavas yvavili, evkaliptis foToli, 50 tona dafna. rogorc maTi damamzadebeli da TanamSromeli, gamicno mTelma `cekavSirma~. 5 milioni aSS dolaris kreditis aRebac ki moindomes germaniidan SevardnaZis davalebiT. miuxedavad amdeni Sromisa, 13-wliani mondomebisa, verafers mivaRwie, mxolod sawarmo, rogorc SemeZlo, SevinarCune. 2006 wels es sawarmo usasyidlod gadaeca saqarTvelos ekomonikis saministros, 2010 wels ki ukanve gadmoeca aWaris ekonomikis saministros da 2013 wels SeviZine pirobiani auqcionis wesiT im valdebulebiT, rom ameSenebina 1 heqtari sasaTbure meurneoba. aseve iyideboda Txilis qarxanac, romelic sxva iuridiul pirs ekuTvnoda, dResac gayidvaSia, magram maSindeli mTavrobis dainteresebulma pirebma danadgarebisagan gacales, darCa carieli 1 500 kvm farTobis Senoba, romelic qiriTaa gacemuli Turq moqalaqeze da arafers awarmoebs. CemTvis erT larad rom gadmoecaT Txilis qarxana, ganuwyvetliv imuSavebda da aWaris mosaxleobisaTvis 10 000 tonamde Txils mainc gadaamuSavebda, aseve gavagrZelebdi dafnisa da sxva samkurnalo mcenareebis warmoeba-realizacias, risi winapirobebic gvqonda. vfiqrob, Tavis droze Zvel myidvelebTan dakavSirebiT aWaris mTavrobam swori analizi ver gaakeTa. dRes am qarxnis magaliTze mTel guriasa da samegreloSia aSenebuli analogiuri sawarmoebi, amJamad Cven gverdiT aSeneben sxva raionis warmomadgenlebi saxelmwifo dafinansebiT axal Txilis satex qarxanas. erTi andaza maxsendba: `avma ZaRlma arc TviTon Wama da arc sxvas aWamao~, Txilis qarxnis bedic ase gadawyda. Aarada, milionobiT lari meqneboda biujetSi Setanili.
– rogorc vici, Tqven gulze xelebi mainc ar dagikrefiaT.
– es Cemi saqmea, romelic kargad vici, mTeli cxovreba damzadebaSi var. Txilis qarxnis adgilas 5 heqtar miwis nakveTze saTburebi avaSene, romelsac 7-8 welia, vamuSaveb. es saqme Zalian Sromatevadia. amitom mogeba SedareboT dabalia. rTulia soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoeba. paralelurad, sasawyobe SenobebSi xis damamuSavebeli saamqroebi movawyve, damatebiTi samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesruleba daviwye, yovelwliurad dasaqmebuli myavs 50-ze meti moqalaqe. erTi sityviT, Cemi miznebis 80% Sesrulebuli maqvs, magram aTjer metis gakeTeba SeiZleboda, saxelmwifo droulad da Tanmimdevrulad rom damxmareboda. 50-wlian codnasa da gamocdilebasTan erTad didi energia da wvaleba damWirda, magram Sromam Sedegi gamoiRo da mainc kmayofili var.
– sanam uremi ar gadabrundeba, samwuxarod, gzas ver xedaven xolme, ase daemarTa maSin Cvens saxelmwifo struqturebsac.
– me namdvilad ukmayofilo var im cvlilebebiT, aramiznobrivi xedvebiT, rac saxelmwifos mxridan wamovida. amis Sedegia, rom sofeli icleba umuSevrobisa da saxelmwifos mxridan uyuradRebobis gamo. ganadgurda Cais da citrusebis meurneobebi Tavisi fabrika-qarxnebiTa da damzadebis punqtebiT, daingra univermaRebi. soflad dResacaa SemorCenili daclil-gapartaxebuli, gvelebisa da antisanitariis buded qceuli maRaziebi, romlebic auSnoeben soflis centrebs. bevri sawarmo ise daingra, erTi TeTri Semosavali aRar moutania saxelmwifosTvis. 30 weliwadSi gavanadgureT naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi xalxis naSromi miliardobiT qoneba.
– ratom moxda ase da axla mainc Tu Cans gza, mainc ra SeiZleba gakeTdes?
– igive grZeldeba. Cans, rom arc kerZo da arc saxelmwifo struqturebi araa amaze pasuxismgebeli. didi analizia Casatarebeli, rom gaverkveT, ratom dagvemarTa es da ra movimoqmedoT ukeTesobisTvis.
– saxelmwifosgan veranair mcdelobas ver xedavT am viTarebis ukeTesisken Sesacvlelad?
– unda aRvniSnoT, rom saxelmwifom soflis mosaxleobisTvis Seqmna bevri programa grantebiT, TanadafinansebiT. soflis mosaxleobas ufasod dauriga saTburebi, sxvadasxva teqnika da CaTvala, rom exmareba fermerebs, raTa Camoyalibdes agroservisebi, kargi teqnikiT aRWurvili kooperativebi Tavisi specialistebiT, romlebzec yovelwliurad didi Tanxebi ixarjeba. es yvelaferi kargia, Tu is konkretul funqciebs asrulebs da Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba yvelas, magram faqtia, rom naklebad grZnoben am pasuxismgeblobas. raionebsa da regionebSi ramdenime heqtarze aSenda teqnologiurad kargad aRWurvili saTburebi, magram TiTqmis yvela ganadgurda, nadgurdeba an umoqmedodaa (ori vici aseTi).
– Tqvens sawarmos rogor amuSavebT, anu raa saWiro, rom saxelmwifos Zalisxmeva wyalSi ar Caiyaros?
– `mardi~ hqvia Cems sawarmos. igi qobuleTSi erT-erTia, sadac dabali teqnologiiT aSenebul 1,5 heqtar saTburs vamuSavebT. Seuferxeblad mogvyavda bostneuli, axla marwyvis kulturebiT aris dakavebuli. didi mogeba da Semosavali ar gvaqvs, rac ganpirobebulia gaTbobis uqonlobiTa da finansebis naklebobiT. swored amitom vfiqrob, saxelmwifosgan met yuradRebas unda grZnobdnen energiuli, saqmis mkeTebeli, mcodne specialistebi, maT xom bevri moqalaqis dasaqmeba da specialistebis gazrda SeuZliaT. aucileblobad mimaCnia, rom aWaris zonis mosaxleobam mciremiwiani farTobebi racionalurad gamoiyenos, dasaqmebuli iyos soflad da Semosavalic hqondes. saxelmwifo meti konkretulobiT unda moekidos am sakiTxs da xeli Seuwyos mcire miwis mflobel fermerebs. magaliTad, sakarmidamo nakveTebis patronobisTvis, mcenareebis SewamvlisTvis gamouyos subsidia, aseve, sasuqebis dabal fasad SeZenaSi daexmaros an usasyidlod gadasces, rogorc es adre iyo, xeli Seuwyos mosavlis ise realizaciaSi, rom glexma Tavisi Sromis Sesabamisi gasamrjelo miiRos (jerjerobiT mokrefis fassac ver inazRaureben), SeZlos gaaSenos Zvirad Rirebuli xexilic, Robis Semogarenis gamoyenebac SeiZleba dafnis kulturisTvis. sakarmidamo nakveT-ebsa da mosazRvre gamouyenebel miwazec momgebiania dafnis gaSeneba, rogorc es samegrelos zogierT raionSia da yovelwliurad kargi Semosavalic aqvT, radgan dafnis eqsportze ukve didi moTxovnilebaa, mas saukeTeso samkurnalo Tvisebebi aqvs.
– faqtia, dafnis damzadebisa da eqsportis sakmaod didi gamocdileba aqvT Cveni kuTxis mkvidrT, riTac stabiluri Semosavali hqondaT. . .
– diax, baton omar SamiliSvils aRniSnul werilSi kargad aqvs aRwerili `aWarkoopkavSiris~ dafnis gadamamuSavebeli kombinatis momgebianoba. maSin mxolod ruseTis bazriTac ki sakmarisi Semosavali gvqonda, axla ki msoflio bazarzea moTxovnileba. Cveni samkurnalo mcenareebis gaerTianebac dafnas gdr-Si vagonobiT agzavnida, sxva qveynebSic hqondaT SeZenis survili. dafnis nergebis gamoyvana 1990 wels daviwyeT da erT weliwadSi 100 000 Ziri mivyideT kolmeurneobebs. soflis mosaxleobas maT nergebs ufasod urigebdnen. dResacaa SemorCenili maSindeli nargavebi da kvlav mosavliania. es 30 wlis winaT gadadgmuli nabijis Sedegia. dRes samegrelos raionebidan Semosuli damzadebis punqtebi ibareben am produqts Cveni mosaxleobisgan kapikebad, miaqvT TavianT mimReb punqtebSi, iq axmoben, 5-7 lari ujdebaT. mTliani nergis moWra anadgurebs mcenares, magram mainc ase iqcevian, vin aris gamkiTxavi! mas ufro maRal fasSi hyidian. aseve Txilis mosavlic gaaqvT mezobel raionebSi, Tanac maTTan ukve Txilis movla-Sewamvlas saxelmwifo afinansebs. asec unda iyos, glexs da soflis meurneobaSi dainteresebul mewarmeebs nebisier dargSi sWirdebaT saxelmwifosgan subsidireba, daxmareba, raTa mosaxleobis daintereseba gaizardos. Aasea, magaliTad, TurqeTSi, sadac Caisa da Txilis mosavlis naxevari saxelmwifo subsidiiT finansdeba, raTa mosaxleobam misi gaSeneba-movlis survili da SesaZlebloba ar dakargos. ufasod aZleven tye-buCqnariT dafarul miwas, romlis dasamuSaveblad subsidiasac aZleven, romelsac, sxvaTa Soris, Cveni moqalaqeebi amuSaveben, mohyavT Txili, Cai. . . CvenTan ki saxelmwifom saerTod Sewyvita miwis Sesyidvebi, ijariT gascemen mxolod mwir niadagebs Zvirad. Tu ver gadaixade garkveuli xelSemSleli pirobebis gamo an gauTvaliswinebeli dabrkoleba Segeqmna, ukan ibruneben, giuqmeben yvelafers – mravalwliani ideebis Sesrulebas. cnobilia, rom mosaxleobisTvis 2500 kvm dakanonebuli miwis nakveTebis irgvliv yvelas uWiravs saSualod 5000-dan 10000 kvm-mde gauformebeli miwis nakveTi, romelsac pirutyvis saZovarad iyeneben, zogs Txili aqvs gaSenebuli, isic Zalze mouvleli, uefeqto da Semosavali ar aqvs. amas emateba is faqti, rom Txilis mosavali farosanam daaziana. arasakmarisad mimdinareobs aWaraSi mis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebi. mosaxleobis mxridan miwis movla-ganayofierebaze xom zedmetia laparaki Sxam-qimikatebis siZviris gamo. magaliTad, mandarinis Sewamvla Zviri ujdebaT, aqedan gamomdinare dabalxarisxiania mosavali, am mciredi pirobebis uqonlobis gamo Txilzec aiRo xeli ufrosma Taobam da axalgazrdebic ver xedaven perspeqtivas soflis meurneobaSi, amitom eZeben gzebs sazRvargareTis qveynebSi wasasvlelad. . . CvenTan ukve deficitia axalgazrda muSaxeli. droulad unda gavaanalizoT realoba. es yvela moqalaqis da saxelmwifos valdebulebaa. Cemi asakisa da gamocdilebis mqone adamianebs bevri saWiro rCevis micema SeuZliaT..
– principSi, iseTi mewarme, romelic Tqven msgavsad 50-100 adamians daasaqmebda da saWiro produqciasac awarmoebda, bevri rom iyos, qveyanac SedarebiT welSi gaimarTeboda.
– xelSewyoba rom meti iyos, saqarTveloSi bevri momgebiani sawarmo iqneboda da cxovrebis donec amaRldeboda. jer kidev SemiZlia momaval Taobas vaswavlo Sroma, adamianebis siyvaruli, pativiscema, qveynis gaZliereba. Tu saxelmwifo mec da Cemnair sxva mewarmeebsac dagvexmareba, rom gavafarTooT warmoeba (Zvirfasi xexilis nergebis gamoyvana, samkurnalo mcenareebis damzadeba) da usasyidlod davurigoT nergebi aWaris mosaxleobas, romlis agrowesebiT movla-ganaSenianeba daevaleba agronomebs da raionis `agroservisis~ xelmZRvanelobas, darwmunebuli var, sagrZnob Sedegs miviRebT.
Cven am Temas meti konkretulobiT davubrundebiT uaxloes momavalSi.
marina miTaiSvili
