მშობელთა მიგრაციით გამოწვეული შედეგები – ბავშვებში
დარინა გაბაიძე 514 22 22 80 –
saqarTvelo erT-erTi is qveyanaa, sadac dasaqmebis mizniT zrdasruli mosaxleobis sazRvargareT migraciis maCvenebeli maRalia. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mSoblebi dasaqmebis mizniT toveben Svilebs, raTa maT ukeTesi momavali Seuqmnan. es uaryofiTad aisaxeba martod darCenil bavSvTa janmrTelobaze. kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom materialuri keTildReoba mSoblebTan daSorebis danakliss ver akompensirebs. am Temaze bavSvTa ganviTarebis centris fsiqologi nino bajeliZe gvesaubreba, romelic sxvadasxva diagnozis mqone beneficiarebTan muSaobs.
– ratom aris Cvens qveyanaSi mSobelTa migraciis maRali maCvenebeli?
– migracia globaluri movlenaa, adamianebs saSualeba eZlevaT, iswavlon da imuSaon msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. dasaqmebis bazari, iseve, rogorc ganaTlebis, globaluri gaxda da adamianebs aRar uwevT arCevanis gakeTeba mxolod samSobloSi arsebuli Sromis an ganaTlebis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. damsaqmeblebi cdiloben, moipovon saukeTeso kadrebi da miaRwion warmoebis ufro maRal dones. Tumca, erTi sakiTxia damsaqmeblebis da dasaqmebulebis sargebeli da meorea, ramdenad sasargebloa migracia qveynis ganviTarebisTvis. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, mSoblebi imitom midian sazRvargareT, rom Svilebs ukeTesi momavali Seuqmnan. iseve, rogorc yvelafers, migraciasac aqvs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. yvelaze didi sargebeli, rac SeiZleba mohyves ojaxidan romelime wevris emigrantad wasvlas, aris amave ojaxis ekonomikuri winsvla da finansuri problemebis gadaWra, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi, maleve aisaxeba ojaxze. uaryofiTi mxareebi ki droTa ganmavlobaSi aisaxeba ojaxis wevrebze, gansakuTrebiT, bavSvebze. pirveli riskfaqtori, romlis winaSec dgas bavSvi, rodesac mSobels Sordeba, aris ganSorebis SfoTva. Tumca, sanam am Temaze gadavalT, manamde avxsnaT, Tu ratom uWirT bavSvebs mSoblebTan ganSoreba. Cvili Tandayolili signalebiT cdilobs dedasTan an masze mzrunvelTan emociuri kavSiris damyarebas. es signalebia miaxloeba, gadevneba, CaWideba, Rimili, TvalebiT kontaqti, tirili, protesti ganSorebisas, xelSi ayvanis survili, Zebna da sxva. am signalebze mSobeli pasuxobs `Cvilidan gamowveuli socialuri qceviT~. Camoyalibdeba Tu ara Cvilsa da dedas/mzrunvels Soris sando mijaWvuloba, didwilad aris damokidebuli dedasTan/mzrunvelTan dakavSirebul iseT faqtorebze, rogoricaa: mgrZnobiaroba – Cvilisgan miRebuli signalebis aRqma, myisieri gamoxmaureba, swori interpretacia da Sesabamisi reagireba bavSvisgan wamosul signalebze; metyveleba, verbalizacia, romelic Seexeba bavSvis emociur mdgomareobas, Sinagan samyaros, bavSvis qmedebebis mniSvnelobasa da azrs; mxedvelobiTi kontaqti – Sesabamisi emociuri mdgomareobis vokalizaciiT; damSvideba – mozrdilis mgrZnobiare qceva, fizikuri kontaqti bavSvTan, roca is damSvidebas saWiroebs. mijaWvulobis obieqtisagan separacia, gancalkeveba, didi gamowvevaa patara bavSvebisa da TiToeuli CvenganisaTvis. bavSvi gancalkevebas ganicdis, rogorc usafrTxoebis wridan gamosvlis saSiSroebas. gamowvevis simwvave damokidebulia safrTxis simwvaveze, amgvari separacia xSirad moicavs ara mxolod mSoblisgan/mzrunvelisgan separacias, aramed yvela nacnobisagan.
– ra aris separaciuli SfoTva?
– es aris fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, rodesac bavSvi Zlier SfoTvas ganicdis saxlTan an adamianebTan ganSorebisas, romlebTanac Zlieri emociuri kavSiri aqvs. SfoTviTma aSlilobam SeiZleba Zlieri negatiuri gavlena iqonios bavSvis yoveldRiurobaze. es gavlena SeiniSneba socialur da emociur nawilebSi, ojaxur cxovrebaSi, janmrTelobis mdgomareobasa da skolis garemoSi (SeiZleba skolaSi wasvlaze uars ambobdes).
– yvelaze gavrcelebuli separaciuli SfoTvis simptomebi. . .
– realobasTan Seusabamoba, gamudmebuli wuxili da SfoTva SesaZlo danakargze, SesaZlo usiamovnebaze im adaminebTan, romlebzec mijaWvuli arian (magaliTad, SiSi, rom isini datoveben maT da aRar dabrundebian.) an gamudmebuli gancda, rom SeiZleba mokvdnen. tirili, isterika, im movlenebSi monawileobis miRebaze uaris Tqma, sadac vinmesTan gamomSvidobebaa saWiro. somaturi simptomebia, rodesac bavSvs awuxebs muclis tkivili, gulis reva, Rebineba da Tavis tkivili, aseve, maTze Civili maSinac, roca realurad araferi awuxebT. separaciuli SfoTvis sirTule damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra xnisaa bavSvi. magaliTad, Tu is aris mxolod 1 wlamde asakis da am periodSi mouxda dedas misi datoveba, didia albaToba, rom mas eqneba metyvelebis Seferxeba, radgan deda aris erT-erTi mTavari mxardamWeri enis Camoyalibebis da ganviTarebis procesSi. Tu bavSvi 7 wlamde asakisaa, aq SesaZloa adgili hqondes e.w. gonebagafantulobas. gardatexis asakSi ki SeiZleba ganviTardes `difuzuri identobis statusi~ – rodesac pirovneba ar aanalizebs Tavis arCevans da qmedebebs, ar fiqrobs, vin aris da ra unda cxovrebaSi, ar gaaCnia konkretuli mimarTuleba, ar aqvs momavlis imedi. Tu aRniSnuli mdgomareoba didxans grZeldeba, es gamoiwvevs sulier diskomforts.
– zemoT CamoTvlilis garda, bavSvi kidev ra riskfaqtoris winaSe SeiZleba dadges?
– kidev erTi riskfaqtori, romlis winaSec SesaZloa dadges bavSvi, aris ojaxis mimarT misi damokidebulebis mkafio gauareseba an sruli gaufasureba. asakis matebasTan erTad, bavSvebi iwyeben imis gagebas, Tu ra aris swori an araswori. mSoblebi, ojaxis wevrebi da sxva aRmzrdelebi am gakveTilebis saukeTeso maswavleblebi arian da maT SeuZliaT, daexmaron bavSvs piradi faseulobebisa da normebis dadgenaSi. isev da isev imis gamo, rom bavSvebi swavloben sxvebis yurebas, ufrosebi gadamwyvet rols asruleben qcevis modelirebaSi. rodesac bavSvi xedavs, rom ufrosebi TavianT cxovrebaSi sxvebs pativiscemiT, sikeTiTa da siyvaruliT eqcevian, isinic imaves imeoreben. erTi sityviT, bavSvebi ojaxidan swavloben umniSvnelovanes unarebs da rodesac ojaxi sruli SemadgenlobiT ar aris warmodgenili, bavSvebs uCndebaT SegrZneba, rom isini daucvelebi arian. amasTanave, ar dagvaviwydes, rom mSoblebi SvilebisTvis rolur models warmoadgenen da didia Sansi, is bavSvebi, romlebic axla ganSorebis SfoTvas ganicdian, momavalSi Tavadac emigrantebi gaxdnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT gamovlili aqvT is sirTuleebi, rac ukavSirdeba mSoblebTan ganSorebas, umetes SemTxvevaSi mainc xdebian emigrantebi, radgan mSoblis qceva SvilisTvis, gaucnobiereblad, yovelTvis misabaZia. ojaxi xom elementebisgan Semdgari sistemaa da am sistemaSi TiToeuli elementi erTmaneTTan TanxvedraSi unda iyos. raTa samomavlod mTeli rigi garTulebebi aviciloT Tavidan.
– am tipis bavSvebSi ra saxis mentaluri problemebi iCens Tavs?
– ganSorebis SfoTvasTan erTad, sxva mentaluri problemebic iCens Tavs. aseT bavSvebs ufro metad aqvT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis darRvevebi, gansakuTrebiT, uyuradRebobis da TanatolebTan urTierTobis problemebi. grZelvadianma kvlevam aCvena, rom im bavSvebis depresiuli simptomebis qula mniSvnelovnad maRali iyo, visac mSoblebi sazRvargareT hyavda, vidre im bavSvebis, visi mSoblebic saxlSi iyvnen. kvlevebma isic aCvena, rom samSobloSi darCenil bavSvebs ar aqvT uaresi fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, vidre sxva bavSvebs. ramdenime kvlevam Seafasa fsiqologiuri mdgradobis roli, rogorc Suamavlis faqtori mSoblis migraciis statussa da samSobloSi darCenili bavSvebis fsiqikur janmrTelobas Soris. erT-erTma kvlevam, romelmac Seiswavla samSobloSi darCenili bavSvebis fsiqologiuri gamZleoba, daadgina, rom maT mniSvnelovnad dabali mdgradobis qulebi aqvT, ramac gamoiwvia fsiqologiuri problemebi. agreTve, samSobloSi darCenil bavSvebSi xSiria naadrevi qorwinebis SemTxvevebi.
– es ratom?
– imitom, rom isini cdiloben im danaklisis Sevsebas, rac ver miiRes sakuTari ojaxisgan. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samSobloSi darCenil bavSvebSi SeiniSneba dabali TviTSefaseba, ramac SesaZloa, sabolood araerTi kompleqsi Camouyalibos.
– rogor unda daexmaros mSobeli bavSvs kompleqsebis daZlevaSi?
– adreul asakSi Camoyalibebuli kompleqsebis daZleva Znelia, amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania, aRvzardoT bavSvi kompleqsebis gareSe da Tu amas ver vaxerxebT, davexmaroT mas ukve arsebulis damarcxebaSi. sakoreqcio muSaoba aucileblad unda daviwyoT sakuTari Tavidan da pasuxi gavceT kiTxvebs: `rogor vzrdiT Svils? misdami rogori damokidebuleba gvaqvs? ufro xSirad vaqebT Tu veCxubebiT? rogor vesaubrebiT?~ bavSvs sakuTar Tavze warmodgena eqmneba garSemo myofebis – Tanatolebis, maswavleblebisa da upirveles yovlisa, mSoblebis Sexedulebebisa da Sefasebebis safuZvelze. adreul asakSi bavSvi RrubeliviT iwovs garemodan miRebul informacias sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. daufiqreblad naTqvami yoveli sityva, SeniSvna, iribi mzerac ki mkveTrad, arasasikeTod cvlis sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari SesaZleblobebisadmi bavSvis damokidebulebas. amitom, sasurvelia, viyoT ufro yuradRebiani, pativiscemiT movepyroT bavSvs, movusminoT, naklebad gavakritikoT, angariSi gavuwioT, metad gaviTvaliswinoT misi azri. Tu bavSvs rame ise ar gamouva, rogorc saWiroa, nu mivakerebT uunaros iarliys, avuxsnaT marcxis mizezi da davarwmunoT, rom morigi mcdelobisas yvelaferi gamouva, ubralod, ufro yuradRebiT, seriozulad unda miudges saqmes.
– aseT dros rogoria swori midgoma?
– unda gavxdeT misi megobari, davelaparakoT da avuxsnaT, rom kompleqsebi yvelas aqvs. movuyveT mas sakuTari kompleqsebis Sesaxeb, vuamboT, rogori viyaviT mis asakSi. nu veCxubebiT cudi niSnebis gamo – is xom codnisTvis unda swavlobdes da ara niSnisTvis. Tu rame dRes ar gamouvida, yovelTvis SeiZleba swavla da Sedegis gaumjobeseba. nu movTxovT, mudmivad maRali qulebi hqondes. gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Secdoma yvelas mogvdis. yuradReba gavamaxviloT bavSvis Tvisebebze da ganvaviTaroT isini. SevaqoT patara mondomebisa da mcdelobisTvis da ara miRebuli niSnisTvis. kompleqsebis daZlevis erT-erTi gza bavSvisTvis Tavisuflebis miniWebaa. `iq ar waxvide!~ `es ar gaakeTo!~ – Tu gamudmebiT aseT SeZaxilebs gaigonebs, bavSvi ifiqrebs, rom ar vendobiT, ar gvjera misi SesaZleblobebis. umjobesia, moqmedebis Tavisufleba mivceT, davrToT damoukideblobis gamovlenis neba. nu gavukeTebT imas, rac bavSvobaSi Cven TviTon gviqmnida diskomforts. aseve, Tu bavSvs uWirs TanatolebTan urTierToba, vurCioT, uari ar Tqvas wasvlaze, roca sadme epatiJebian, gamoxatos pozitiuri ganwyoba, sjerodes sakuTari Tavis, iyos uSualo da bunebrivi. nu SeeSindeba individualurobis gamovlenis, radgan es Rirsebaa da ara nakli. iyos gaxsnili da ilaparakos imis Sesaxeb, ra moswons da ra – ara. ar damalos sakuTari damokidebuleba, azri, yovelTvis iyos is, vinc aris, SeinarCunos TviTmyofadoba.
– dabolos, ras urCevT mSoblebs?
– gaviTvaliswinoT, rom nebismieri sirTulis daZlevis procesSi bavSvisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania mSoblebis azri, maTi mxardaWera da upirobo siyvaruli. is unda grZnobdes, rom gviyvars ara warmatebebis gamo, aramed imitom, rom arsebobs da Cven gverdiTaa. dabolos, miuxedavad amdeni riskfaqtorisa, romlis winaSe dganan samSobloSi darCenili bavSvebi da maTi mSoblebi, ufro meti adamiani midis sazRvargareT, rac avtomaturad niSnavs samSobloSi darCenili bavSvebis ricxvis gazrdas. aqve davamateb, rom yvelas erTnairi sirTuliT ar gadaaqvs mSoblis sazRvargareT wasvla. interviuSi moyvanili statistika da kvlevebi maqsimalurad asaxavs im safrTxeebs, ris winaSec SesaZloa dadgnen emigranti mSoblebi da Svilebi. minda, yvela emigrants vusurvo samSobloSi male dabruneba da mSoblobiT tkboba. maTi amagi fasdaudebelia.
