,,გლობალიზაცია რომც არ გვინდოდეს, ეს გარდაუვალია”
äïøï õëèåîòêò 593 50 82 69 –
qveynis ganviTarebis aucilebeli pirobaa Zlieri ekonomika, romlis miRweva SeuZlebelia, Tu mrewvelobasa da soflis meurneobaSi srulyofilad ar nergav Tanamedrove teqnologiur miRwevebs, ar amaRleb Sromis kulturas. es miT ufro mniSvnelovania axla, cifruli ekonomikis periodSi. am moTxovnebis gaTaviseba warmatebis sawindaria
ramdenad gacnobierebuli aqvT es CvenSi? rogoria qveynis ekonomikis realuri suraTi? ra gviSlis xels winsvlaSi? risTvis unda vizrunoT, rogor gadavewyoT mentalurad sasurvel relsebze da cvlilebebs, drois moTxovnas saqmiT rogor vupasuxoT? – am sakiTxebze Tavis Tvalsazriss ekonomikis eqsperti, bsu-is profesori paata aroSiZe gviziarebs.
– 30 weli sakmarisia, rom qveyanam ekonomikur warmatebas miaRwios. saqarTvelos magaliTze rogori suraTia?
– saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dros, anu 1991 wlis 9 aprils da manamde saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, rogorc mTlianad sabWoTa kavSirSi, ar iyo saxarbielo. is problemebi, rac sabWoTa ekonomikas hqonda, Cvens qveyanazec aisaxeboda. damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, rogorc cnobilia, gamocxadda gardamavali periodi, romelic unda moxmareboda im bazisis Seqmnas, rac socialisturi wyobidan kapitalisturze da sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlas sWirdeboda, magram cnobilma movlenebma – samoqalaqo da afxazeTis omebma, anu ruseTis agresiam saqarTvelosadmi amas xeli SeuSala da Tavidan daiwyo qveynis mSenebloba. es is periodia, rodesac saqarTvelo ukve ucxoelebis TvalTaxedvis arealSi xvdeba. am mxriv bolo periodi arasaxarbielo iyo – msoflio finansuri krizisi, pandemia, yvelaferma aman gamoiwvia is, rom qveyanam TvalSisacem ekonomikur warmatebas ver miaRwia. bolo aTwleulSi ver naxavT saxelmwifos, romelsac garRveva hqondes ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mxriv. es yvelaferi garemo pirobebze, egzogenur faqtorebze ufro aris damokidebuli, vidre saSinao politikaze, mogexsenebaT, pandemiis faqtori mTeli msofliosTvis moulodneli iyo. . .
– sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri formacia, romelSic axla vimyofebiT, rogor aisaxeba qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobaze?
– klasikuri gagebiT, dRes meoTxe samrewvelo revoluciis periodia mTel msoflio ekonomikaSi, anu cifruli ekonomikis periodi. rogor aris es gadmotanili saqarTveloSi Tundac am sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis pirobebSi, sxva sakiTxia. Sereuli ekonomikuri modeli, romelic dRes mTel msoflioSia gabatonebuli, niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo aregulirebs ekonomikas da es aris yvelaze misaRebi ekonomikuri modeli.
– ras gulisxmobT?
– aviRoT pandemiis periodi, romlis dawyebisTanave – 2020 wlis martis dasawyisSi aSS-is maSindelma prezidentma trampma ganacxada, rom pandemias daaregulirebs Tavad bazari, magram SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom mTavari iyo ara marto bazris regulireba, aramed saxelmwifos mxridan maregulirebeli funqciebis Sesruleba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, roca qveyana krizisSia, maSin saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqcia izrdeba, xolo roca am kriziss gadalaxavs, maSin SeuZlia Seamciros es funqcia an arCeviTi regulireba gamoiyenos. pandemias daemata ruseT-ukrainis omi, romelmac Secvala saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigi.
– mmarTveli partia qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze saubrobs, opozicia sawinaaRmdego azrzea, realuri suraTi rogoria?
– ekonomikuri zrdis aRricxva xdeba statistikis meSveobiT. gaaCnia, ekonomikur zrdaSi ras vgulisxmobT. situacia cifrebiT, cxadia, gaumjobesebulia. magaliTad, mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba wina welTan SedarebiT da, aseve, sagareo vaWrobis brunvac, eqsportic gazrdilia da ase Semdeg, magram mTavari problema isaa, rom es TiToeul moqalaqeze ar aisaxeba. ratom? ekonomikuri zrda, wminda Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT rom visaubroT, meyseulad ar aisaxeba moqalaqeebis materialur keTildReobaze, anu ekonomikuri zrdis dros, marTalia, izrdeba samuSao adgilebi zogierT dargSi, magram zogan – deficitia. magaliTad, biznesmenebi amtkiceben, rom sxvadasxva dargSi aris kadrebis deficiti. baTumis magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, uamravi samuSao adgilia, sadac, ZiriTadad, ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi arian dasaqmebuli, magaliTad, mSeneblobebze ZiriTadad Turqebi muSaoben. adamiani eZebs misTvis mniSvnelovan iseT samuSao adgils, sadac yvelaze ukeT iqneba, anu eqneba Rirseuli anazRaureba. qveyanaSi ekonomikis gaumjobeseba TiToeul moqalaqeze, ojaxze unda iyos asaxuli.
– laris gamyarebas eqspertebi saqarTveloSi ruseTis moqalaqeebis Semosvlas ukavSireben. . .
– ruseT-ukrainis omamdec laris gamyarebis niSnebi SenarCunebuli iyo. ra Tqma unda, ucxouri valutis Semodineba qveyanaSi amyarebs erovnul valutas. saqarTveloSi erTaderTi sagadamxdelo saSualeba laria da roca izrdeba masze moTxovna, Sesabamisad, laris kursi myardeba igive dolarsa Tu sxva ucxour valutasTan mimarTebiT. simarTlis marcvali imaSia, rom ucxoelebis (rusebis, ukrainelebis) Semosvlam qveyanaSi gamoiwvia laris gamyareba.
– eqspertebi acxadeben, rom saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT, ruseTis 150 aTasi moqalaqe Camosaxlda da maT angariSze miliard dolarze metia, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikur eqspansias niSnavs.
– ras niSnavs ekonomikuri eqspansia? ki aris informacia, rom rusebi am Tanxas uZrav qonebaSi, binebSi abandeben, Tumca warmoebaSi – naklebad. Cven vxedavT, rom garkveuli raodenobis kafe-barebi rusebs, ukrainelebsac aqvT gaxsnili, magram SegaxsenebT, igive hkiTxes wina xelisuflebis ekonomikis guru benduqiZes, romelmac aseTi pasuxi gasca: fuls suni ar udiso da Tu es maSin misaRebi iyo, axla araa? saerTod, ekonomika yovelTvis politikur WrilSi unda ganvixiloT. realurad eqspansia ar igrZnoba. saqarTveloSi amas winaT Camosuli iyo ruseTis sanqciebis sakiTxSi evrokavSiris mTavari eqsperti. is dadebs Tavis daskvnas, aris Tu ara saqarTvelo im qveynebis siaSi, romlebic ruseTs exmarebian sanqciebis gverdis avlaSi (axlaxan aSS-is prezidentis mrCevelma erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi jeik salivanma Riad ganacxada, rom ar gamovlenila saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan arcerTi faqti ruseTis daxmarebisa sanqciebze Tavis aridebaSi – l. x.). Cveni qveyana zedmiwevniT asrulebs evrokavSiris moTxovnebs am mimarTebiT, anu saqarTvelo ar exmareba ruseTs aranairad.
– eqspertebi xelisuflebas qveynis ekonomikuri krizisidan gamosvlis ramdenime nabijs sTavazoben: mTavrobis Semcirebas, sasamarTlos realur damoukideblobas, investiciebisTvis idealuri garemos Seqmnas. . .
– es sakiTxebi Cven msoflio ekonomikur WrilSi unda ganvixiloT imitom, rom investori frTxili adamiania, anu is fuls ise ar daabandebs, rom gaTvlebi ar hqondes. magaliTad, evropeli da amerikeli investorebi iTvaliswineben, rogori politikuri suraTi iqneba xval? rac Seexeba kiTxvis meore nawils, ara mgonia, instituciebis Semcireba marTebuli iyos. magaliTad, Tuki SevamcirebT ekonomikis da sagareo saqmeTa saministroebSi 30-30 adamians, es didad arafers mogvitans. aviRoT adgilobrivi meria, romelsac daaxloebiT aTasi adamiani hyavs dasaqmebuli Tavis struqturaSi, aq unda gvaxsovdes, rom meriaSi dasaqmebulia adamianebi a(a)ipebSi, sandasufTavebaSi… wyalmomaragebac meriis SemadgenlobaSia da sxva. Tu institucionalur menejerebs gulisxmobT, ki, SeiZleba mers ar hyavdes xuTi moadgile, zogierT TviTmmarTvelobaSi es principi daculia.
– Tqveni azriT, Semosuli investiciebi ramdenad sworadaa aTvisebuli?
– pandemiamdel periodSi ucxoeTis saelCoebSi Seiqmna `ekonomikuri ataSeebis~ Tanamdeboba. ramdenime daniSnulia, rogorc vici. maT hqondaT erTaderTi davaleba – msofliosTvis kidev ufro ukeT gaecnoT saqarTvelos sainvesticio potenciali. saqarTveloSi Seqmnilia Tavisufali industriuli zonebi, romlebic Zalian didi datvirTviT ver muSaobs, radgan investorisTvis ar aRmoCnda mimzidveli. ai, magaliTad, Tavisufali industriuli zona Seqmnilia qobuleTSi, fiWvnaris teritoriaze da wlebia, ver iqna aTvisebuli.
– rogori agraruli politika unda iyos saqarTveloSi?
– agraruli politika erT-erTi Zalian mtkivneuli sakiTxia. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaSi pirdapiri subsidirebis saxiT sadRac ori miliardi laria Cadebuli, dRes saqarTvelo ver gadaiqca TviTkmar saxelmwifod. ra Tqma unda, soflis meurneobas sWirdeba Zalian didi politikis gatareba, es dargi unda ganviTardes Tanamedrove epoqis Sesabamisad.
– am mxriv romeli saxelmwifos gamocdileba gamogvadgeba?
– saxelmwifos gamocdilebis pirdapir gadmoReba ar ivargebs. magaliTisTvis israelis gamocdileba aviRoT: miuxedavad imisa, rom es qveyana aris udabno saqarTveloze patara teritoriiT, soflis meurneobis produqtebis eqsportioria, Tanac – mowinave. mTavaria samecniero da teqnologiuri ganviTareba. dRes CvenTan soflis meurneobas ise uyureben, rogorc sabWoeTis dros, arada, dRes is msoflioSi inovaciuri dargia, es maRalteqnologiuri sferoa. xar-kameCebiT daxvna, dabarva da Toxna aRarsad xdeba. Tu gvinda soflis meurneobis ganviTareba, mas unda SevxedoT rogorc inovaciur dargs. vfiqrob, es sakmaod rTulia, magram isev da isev miwis xelaxali reformiT unda daiwyos am dargis ganviTareba.
– dasaqmeba momavalSi cifruli teqnologiebis gaTvaliswinebiT moxdeba, am mxriv Cveni qveyana ramdenad momzadebulia?
– xelovnuri inteleqti, cifruli teqnologiebis Semosvla zogierTi profesiis adamianebis umuSevrobas – egreT wodebul struqturul umuSevrobas ganapirobebs. 20 wlis winaT arsebobda molaris profesia, dRes ki, praqtikulad, aRar arsebobs. cifruli teqnologiebis ganviTareba zogierT profesias gaaqrobs. axali Taoba ukve adaptirebulia teqnologiebTan. vgulisxmob 40 wlamde Taobas – 80-90-ian wlebamde dabadebulebi, anu milenianelebi… aseve asparezze Semodis `zet Taoba~, romelSic 1995 wlis Semdgom dabadebulebi igulisxmeba.
– ra ganasxvavebs Cvens Taobas maTgan?
– 90-ma procentma icis ucxo ena, Tanamedrove teqnologiebi, gajetebis floba, rac niSnavs, rom Cven mTlianad gadaveSvebiT globalur ekonomikur sivrceSi. . . ukve SevdivarT masSi.
– araerTi modeli arsebobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kuTxiT. Cvenma qveyanam romeli saxelmwifos modeli unda gaiziaros?
– 90-ini wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelom aiRo polonuri ganviTarebis `Sokuri Terapiis~ modeli. man poloneTi aqcia evrokavSiris wevr qveynad da ekonomikuri zrda gamoiwvia, magram saqarTveloSi Sedegi ver gamoiRo. mizezi, pirvel rigSi, is iyo, rom Cven ucvlelad gadmoviReT, ar gaviTvaliswineT adgilobrivi specifika; meore – is reformebi, romlebic am Sokuri Terapiis farglebSi unda gatarebuliyo, bolomde ar miiyvanes. globalizacia romc ar gvindodes, es gardauvalia. Cven realurad unda davitovoT rac gvaqvs saukeTeso da SeviTvisoT dasavleTis miRwevebi, kultura, magaliTad, Sromis kultura, romelic saqarTveloSi Zalian dabal donezea. damsaqmebelsa da dasaqmebuls Soris urTierToba CvenTan ra donezea, yvelam kargad icis. eqsperimenti CavataroT: gamovideT quCaSi dilis 9 saaTze da vnaxoT, romeli maRaziaa Ria, romeli – ara. yvelaze kargi bankebi (saqarTvelos erovnuli banki, `Tibisi banki~) 10:00 saaTze iwyebs muSaobas, 11:00 saaTze ixsneba obieqtebi, aseT viTarebaSi zedmetia ekonomikur ganviTarebaze saubari, Cven maqsimalurad unda aviTvisoT dRis sinaTle. evropaSi muSaoba dilis 7:00 saaTze iwyeba. biologiuri ritmis Tanaxmad, adamianma diliT unda daiwyos muSaoba, rom TavisTvisac darCes dro. 10 saaTze rom iwyeb muSaobas da rvamde samsaxurSi xar, mere Seni sakuTari TavisTvis ar gcalia, rac namdvilad araa sasurveli.
