დეპრესია, ნევროზი თუ ფსიქიკური აშლილობა – როგორ უნდა დავაღწიოთ თავი საშიშ დაავადებას?!
manana takiZe 577 10 15 17 –
depresia fsiqikuri aSlilobis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa, romelic xSirad SfoTvis kvaldakval viTardeba. depresiis mkurnaloba moicavs rogorc fsiqoTerapias, ise medikamentur an procedurul mkurnalobas. fsiqologebis gancxadebiT, depresia SeiZleba iyos msubuqi da xanmokle, an mZime da xangrZlivi. zogierT adamians depresia mxolod erTxel emarTeba, zogma ki SeiZleba ramdenjerme ganicados. depresia Zalian saSiSi daavadebaa, ramac SeiZleba TviTmkvlelobamdec ki migviyvanos. daavadebis Tavidan acileba mxolod saTanado daxmarebis gawevis SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli. daavadebis gaxSirebuli SemTxvevebis mizezebze, misi mogvarebis gzebze, eklesiis rolze, imaze – SesaZlebelia Tu ara sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebisTvis diagnozis dasma, rogor SevinarCunoT simSvide da harmonia, aseve, mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso sxva sakiTxebze bsu-is iuridiuli da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesori, fsiqologiis klinikis xelmZRvaneli qeTevan beriZe gvesaubreba.
– qalbatono qeTevan, xSirad davoben imaze, Tu ra aris depresia, nevrozia Tu fsikiquri aSliloba?
– XXI saukuneSi adamianebi sul ufro metad fiqroben mentalur janmrTelobaze. statistika aCvenebs, rom gansakuTrebiT gaizarda fsiqikuri aSlilobebis mqone pirTa raodenoba. rTulia, davasaxeloT erTi konkretuli mizezi, romelsac adamiani mihyavs am mdgomareobamde, es SesaZloa iyos: sazogadoebis cxovrebis done, socialuri mdgomareobis xarisxi, ojaxi, skola, garemo, rac, bunebrivia, gavlenas axdens fsiqikaze. depresia miekuTvneba nevrozuli registris aSlilobebs. depresiuli epizodebi gansxvavebulia da SegviZlia davyoT sxvadasxvagvarad. magaliTad, arsebobs zomieri, msubuqi da mwvave depresiuli epizodebi. xolo klinikuri suraTis mixedviT SegviZlia gamovyoT: melanqoliuri, aramelanqoliuri, fsiqozuri da atipiuri depresia. saerTaSoriso daavadebaTa klasifikaciaSi depresias miniWebuli aqvs individualuri kodi da, Sesabamisad, gaaCnia sakuTari amocnobis da marTvis kriteriumebi. D
M-IV-is mixedviT, depresiisaTvis, ZiriTadad, damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi simptomebi:
- interesis, siamovnebis miRebis unaris daqveiTeba;
- momavlisadmi pesimisturi ganwyoba;
- madis darRveva (xSirad gamoxatulia madis daqveiTebiT an momatebiT);
- Zilis darRvevebi (mudmivi Zilianoba, an Zilis xangrZlivobis mkveTri Semcireba, CaZinebis sirTule);
- fsiqomotoruli aJitireba an piriqiT – Seneleba;
- daRliloba, energiis daqveiTeba;
- depresiuli (daqveiTebuli) guneba-ganwyoba;
- dabali TviTSefaseba (sakuTari Tavis da SesaZleblobebis pesimisturi xedva).
adamianebis umetesoba ganicdis erT-erTs am simptomebidan cxovrebis garkveul momentSi, magram klinikuri depresiis mqone adamianebisTvis mravlobiTi simptomi grZeldeba, minimum, ori kviris ganmavlobaSi da SeiZleba ukiduresad saSiSi gaxdes. mZime depresiis niSnebia suiciduri azrebi, TviTdestruqciuli qcevebi da halucinaciebi an bodvebi. nevrozi ki aris fsiqikuri aSliloba, nevrozuli registris aSlilobebis CamonaTvali sakmaod vrcelia da mas miekuTvneba iseTi fsiqikuri aSlilobebi, rogorebicaa: depresia, panikuri aSliloba, obsesiur-kompulsiuri aSliloba, hipoqondriuli nevrozi, generalizebuli SfoTviTi aSliloba da a.S.
– dRevandelobaSi daavadebis gaxSirebis mizezi ra aris?
– Tanamedrove cxovreba savsea gamowvevebiT, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia samyaroSi ekologiuri mdgomareoba, dabinZurebuli haeri, moWarbebuli satransporto saSualebebi, xmauri, cxovrebis daCqarebuli ritmi, zRva informacia. amasTanave, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom adamianebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan nervuli sistemis TaviseburebiT, stresmedegobiT, adaptaciis unariT, amis mixedviT zogierTi ufro mowyvladia da Sesabamisad, arsebuli garemoeba iqneba fsiqikuri aSlilobis maprovocirebeli faqtori.
– depresia Zalian gaxSirda mozardebSi, ufrosebis cxovrebis stilma SeiZleba Tu ara gavlena moaxdinos mozardebze?
– cxovrebis yvela periodi adamianis winaSe ayenebs ganviTarebis rTul amocanebs, romelTa gadawyveta misgan moiTxovs axal Cvevebsa da gansxvavebul urTierTobebs. fsiqologTa umravlesoba eTanxmeba mosazrebas, rom mozardebi aucileblad dgebian ori mTavari amocanis winaSe: mSoblebisagan garkveuli avtonomiisa da damoukideblobis miReba; identurobis Camoyalibeba, mTliani `mes~ Seqmna, romelSic harmoniuladaa Sexamebuli pirovnebis sxvadasxva elementi. farTodaa gavrcelebuli Sexeduleba, rom mozardebi mimarTaven konfliqtsa da amboxs, rogorc mSoblebisgan avtonomiisa da damoukideblobis miRwevis ZiriTad saSualebas. marTalia, mozardTa 10-20 %-s aqvs esa Tu is fsiqologiuri darRveva, magram mozardTa umravlesoba kargadaa adaptirebuli cxovrebasTan da ar aqvs konfliqti arc mSoblebTan da arc sakuTar TavTan. amitom mkvlevarTa didi nawili Tvlis, rom mozardsa da ojaxs Soris konfliqtebis raodenoba gazviadebulia da igi ar warmoadgens ganviTarebis aucilebel Semadgenel nawils.
adamiani socialuri arsebaa da bevr rames mibaZviT swavlobs, gansakuTrebiT avtopilotiT gadaaqvT mSoblebis qcevebi. Tavs Sevikaveb mozardebSi depresiis diagnozis momatebaze saubrisgan. arsebul mdgomareobas davarqmevdi depresiul guneba-ganwyobas, romelic TavisTavad damaxasiaTebelia mozardobis periodisTvis. amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom mozardobis periods meorenairad melanqoliur periodsac uwodeben.
– ramdenad xSirad mogmarTaven am problemebiT da ra dro gWirdebaT erTi SemTxvevis mosagvareblad?
– SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sakmaod xSirad, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianebi, umetesad, depresias arqmeven mdgomareobas, romelSic imyofebian, Tumca maTi fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba ar gaxlavT depresia. Tu depresiis diagnozi aqvs pacients, saWiroebs, maqsimum, 16 sesias. mkurnalobis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia depresiis xarisxi. mZime da saSualo xarisxis depresiis dros, fsiqoTerapiul mkurnalobasTan erTad, saWiroa medikamenturi Terapia da Sesabamisad, fsiqiatris CarTva.
– Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi fsiqologTan vizitebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, moduric ki gaxda…
– fsiqologis institutis mimarT damokidebuleba namdvilad Seicvala. motivi SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva iyos, viRacisTvis – moda, viRacisTvis – saWiroeba. mniSvnelovani am SemTxvevaSi gaxlavT is, rom SesaZlebelia modis gamo fsiqologTan viziti gadaiqces WeSmarit moTxovnilebad da saWiroebad. amitom mTavari isaa, rom adamiani fsiqoTerapevtTan vizitis dros iRebs gamocdilebas, ecnoba fsiqologis momsaxurebas, interesdeba, rac erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs mis fsiqikur gamojanmrTelebas da meore mxriv, xels uwyobs fsiqologiis institutis popularizacias.
– eklesiis roli rogoria am SemTxvevaSi? xSirad gvesmis, fsiqologebma mamaoebi Caanacvleso…
– muSaobis procesSi yovelTvis amovdivarT pacientis interesebidan, Tu SevafaseT, rom pacienti religiuria da mkurnaloba gacilebiT efeqturi iqneba Tu is mimarTavs moZRvars, sasurvelia procesSi CarTuli iyos eklesia.
– rogor SevinarCunoT simSvide da harmonia, rogor miveSveloT sakuTar Tavs?
– depresiis diagnozis dros rTulia, adamiani damoukideblad daexmaros sakuTar Tavs, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa gaerkves diagnozSi da iswavlos, rogor daexmaros sakuTar Tavs, rac SesaZlebelia fsiqoTerapevtis daxmarebiT, Tumca adamianebi amisTvis xSirad mimarTaven internets, `gugls~ da kiTxuloben SemTxveviT nanax sxvadasxva informacias fsiqikur aSlilobasTan dakavSirebiT. minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom es gaxlavT safrTxis Semcveli da damazianebeli pacientisTvis. vinaidan am dros maT esaWiroebaT kiTxvebze kompetenturi pasuxebis mosmena da profesionali, romelic zustad da amomwuravad ganumartavs pacients diagnozisTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs.
– Cveni ganwyobis amaRlebas SeuZlia Tu ara depresiis damarcxeba?
– depresiis dros adamians aqvs daqveiTebuli guneba-ganwyoba, rac xels uSlis depresiasTan gamklavebas. mZime xarisxis depresias mxolod ganwyoba ver daamarcxebs. mkurnalobis procesSi sxvadasxva teqnikis swavla da danergva yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi daexmareba, gaumklavdes fsiqikuri aSlilobis am diagnozs. medikamenturi Terapia gardauvalia mZime xarisxis depresiis mqone pacientebTan. mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia, Semcirdes medikamentebis doza (dozebis momateba-daklebas fsiqiatri gansazRvravs). depresia aris qronikuli daavadeba, romelic xasiaTdeba gamwvavebisa da remisiis periodebiT. SesaZloa remisiis dros pacientebma ar miiRon wamlebi, xolo gamwvavebis dros aucilebelia daiwyon maTi miReba, raTa daexmaron sakuTar Tavs.
– am diagnozs xSirad Tavad usvamen sakuTar Tavs an erTmaneTs, sinamdvileSi ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aseTi daskvnis gamotana?
– diagnozis dasma SeuZlia mxolod fsiqiatrs, vinaidan saWiroebs kompetencias da uflebas. rac Seexeba sakuTar Tavze diagnozis dasmas, diax, adamianebi amas xSirad akeTeben da cdebian.
– ra SemTxvevaSi unda mimarTon eqims da ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Tavad gaumklavdnen stress da daZabulobas?
– rodesac adamiani depresiaSia, SeiZleba misTvis macdunebeli iyos depresiis simptomebis Semsubuqeba narkotikebiT da/an alkoholiT. klinikuri depresiis mqone adamianebis daaxloebiT mesamedi gadasulia narkotikebis borotad gamoyenebaze, rogorc TviTmkurnalobis procesze, raTa gaTavisufldnen uimedobis, dabali TviTSefasebisa da sasowarkveTilebisgan. qimiurma saSualebebma SeiZleba droebiT Seamsubuqos depresiis simptomebi, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi negatiuri grZnobebi da TviTdestruqciuli qcevebi kidev ufro Zlierdeba. adamiani, roca amCnevs, rom gauZlierda TviTdestruqciuli qcevebi, daerRva Zili, mniSvnelovnad daiklo an moimata wonaSi, dakarga interesi im saqmianobis mimarT, romelic adre siamovnebas aniWebda, gaumravlda konfliqturi situaciebi, moemata daZabuloba da uimedoba, saWiroa saswrafod mimarTos eqims.
– rogor unda daicvas Tanamedrove samyaroSi stresebisgan Tavi adamianma, rom ar mivides depresiamde, an fsiqikur aSlilobamde?
– cxovreba savsea stresiT, SeuZlebelia sakuTar Tavs SevuqmnaT iseTi pirobebi, romelic dagvicavs stresisgan. mentaluri janmrTelobisTvis saWiroa Sroma da mudmivad zrunva ganviTarebaze.
