რა უნდა ვიცოდეთ, თუ სოკოს მოკრეფას და მომზადებას გადავწყვეტთ?
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Semodgoma sokos krefis moyvarulebisTvis nayofieri periodia, Tumca marto siyvaruli sakmarisi ar aris, misi cnobac unda SegveZlos. Cveni dRevandeli respondenti – s damfuZnebeli MMmixeil samxaraZea, romelic sokoebis samyaroSi gvamogzaurebs. Mman CvenTan saubari ase daiwyo:
– Zalian bevrs hgonia, rom soko mcenareTa samefos miekuTvneba, Tumca es mcdari azria. soko mravldeba sporebiT, romlebic mwifdeba sokoze da Semdeg vrceldeba bunebaSi. spora Rvivdeba da aviTarebs hifebs, romlebic qmnis miceliumis qsels miwis qveS. miwis zemoT vxedavT sokos nayofsxeuls, romelsac vagrovebT da mivirTmevT. yvela sokos ganviTarebasa da zrdas Taviseburi Sesabamisi pirobebi sWirdeba: temperatura, tenianoba, niadagis Semadgenloba, partniori mcenareebi da sxva.
– rodis dainteresdiT sokoebis samyaroTi?
– sokoebiT mTeli bavSvoba viyavi dainteresebuli. skolis ardadegebze xSirad davdiodi tyeSi WiaTuris sofel usaxeloSi. bebia cnobda sokoebs da maswavlida. mogvianebiT, 2019 wels, erTma konkretulma saxeobam damainteresa da gavwevriandi `saqarTvelos sokoebis~ feisbuq jgufSi, bevri axali da saintereso faqti gavige. aqedan daiwyo sokoebis ufro safuZvlianad Seswavlis etapic, rac axlac grZeldeba.
– Tu aris sokos iseTi saxeoba, romelic mxolod saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba?
– aris soko, romelic Tavdapirvelad aRweres saqarTveloSi, anu aq aRmoaCines. Mmas mieniWa samecniero akademiuri saxelwodeba, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom es soko mxolod saqarTveloSi SeiZleba vnaxoT. rogorc aRvniSneT, soko vrceldeba sporiT, romelic qars mTels msoflioSi gadaaqvs da xelsayreli habitatis povnisas, Tu Sesabamisi bunebrivi pirobebi eqneba, iqac gaizrdeba.
– sakvebis garda, ra daniSnuleba aqvs sokos?
– upirvelesia misi samedicino daniSnuleba. Ppenicilini, sxva bevri antibiotiki an samkurnalo saSualeba Seqmnilia sokosgan. safuari, romelsac Rvinis, ludisa da puris warmoebaSi viyenebT, aseve aris soko. sokos miceliumisgan warmoebuli tyavi gamoiyeneba modis industriaSi. CernobilSi aRmoCenili sokos ramdenime saxeoba `Wams~ radiacias, nasa ki iyenebs am sokoebs sxvadasxva eqsperimentSi. cdiloben Seqmnan iseTi skafandri, romelic am sokoebis daxmarebiT astronavtebs ukeT daicavs kosmosuri radiaciisgan da sxv.
– sokoebiT daintereseba biznesadac aqcieT. amaze gviambeT. . .
– me da Cems megobar nika CaCxians sokoebisadmi erTnairi interesi aRmogvaCnda, rac droTa ganmavlobaSi, hobidan saqmeSi gadaizarda. amJamad vTanamSromlobT ramdenime top restoranTan da SefmzareulebTan, vamaragebT maT tyis axaldakrefili sokoebiT zafxulSi da xmeli sokoebiT – zamTarSi, roca sokos sezoni araa. es mxolod dasawyisia. win kidev bevri saintereso idea gvaqvs biznesis kuTxiT.
– romlebia yvelaze Sxamiani da momwamvleli sokoebi da arsebobs Tu ara saqarTveloSi momakvdinebeli soko?
– cxadia, saqarTveloSi bevri sasikvdilod Sxamiani soko arsebobs da mcdaria warmodgena, TiTqos Cvens romelime regionSi Sxamiani soko ar izrdeba. igi izrdeba mindorSic, xeebzec, tyeSic. msoflioSi yvelaze momakvdinebeli Sxama soko gvxvdeba saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela foTlovan tyeSi. yvelaze Sxamiani sokoebia: Sxama soko, galerina, ablabudiani sokos saxeobebi, lepiotebi da sxva.
– daaxloebiT ramdeni saxeobis soko gvxvdeba saqarTveloSi?
– saqarTveloSi aRwerilia sokoebis 6000-ze meti saxeoba, rac niSnavs, rom es sokoebi sxvadasxva mecnierma saqarTvelos teritoriazec daafiqsira da oficialurad dadasturebulad aRwera. amas garda, kidev arsebobs uamravi saxeobis soko, romelic msoflios sxva qveynebis msgavsad, aqac gvxvdeba, Tumca jer aravis gaukeTebia aRwera. samwuxarod, es procesi wlebia gaCerebulia qveyanaSi da vimedovneb, rom mcire nabijebiT, magram nel-nela mainc win wavalT.
– saqarTveloSi yvelaze iSviaTi da Zvirad Rirebuli soko romelia da sad SegviZlia misi povna?
– es aris zafxulis Savi triufeli. mcdaria mosazreba, rom is iSviaTia, sakmaod gavrcelebulia saqarTvelos bevr regionSi – kaxeTSi, imereTSi, raWaSi, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi, Tbilisis Semogarensa da sxva adgilebSi. triufelis sxva saxeobebi aris aRwerili javaxeTisken. Zvirad Rirebuli sokoa, magram ara imdenad, rogorc bevrs hgonia an rogorc informacia vrceldeba. wlebia, am da sxva sokoebze vmuSaobT da realuri fasebi gacilebiT naklebia, vidre xalxs warmoudgenia. aseve Zvirad Rirebuli da Zvirfasi sokoa xarisfaSva, daTvis soko, Zabra soko, niyvi da sxva.
– sokosTan dakavSirebiT bevri miTi arsebobs. ras etyviT amis Taobaze mosaxleobas?
– samwuxarod, sokoebTan dakavSirebiT namdvilad bevri miTia gavrcelebuli. vcdilobT, sokos moyvarulebSi meTodurad gavavrceloT swori codna da es miTebi nel-nela amovagdoT cnobierebidan. magaliTad: tyuilia, rom Sxamian sokoebs ar Wamen mwerebi da loqorebi. tyuilia, rom vercxlis kovzi dagvexmareba Sxamiani da saWmelad vargisi sokoebis garCevaSi. nivrisa da xaxvis ambavic aris absoluturi tyuili. samwuxarod, ar arsebobs arcerTi universaluri meTodi, romelic dagexmarebaT Sxamiani sokoebis araSxamiani sokoebisgan garCevaSi. erTaderTi swori midgomaa, rom unda viswavloT sokoebi saxeobebis mixedviT da mxolod is sokoebi SevagrovoT da waviRoT saxlSi, romlis vargisianobaSic 100 procentiT varT darwmunebuli.
– ra sasargeblo nivTierebebs Seicaven sakvebad vargisi sokoebi?
– soko sakvebi RirebulebebiTac sayuradRebo produqtia. is Seicavs vitaminebs. fosforSemcvelobiT soko Tevzeuls uaxlovdeba. raqitsawinaaRmdego D vitamini sokoebSi TiTqmis imdenivea, ramdenic karaqSi. sokoebis qimiuri Semadgenloba aCvenebs, rom igi Seicavs adamianis organizmisTvis saWiro yvela aucilebel nivTierebas (cilebi, cximebi, naxSirwylebi, mineraluri marilebi, vitaminebi, aminomJavebi da sxv.). nedl sokoSi cilebis Semcveloba 2-5%-s aRwevs, xmel sokoebSi ki 16-25%-ia. sokoebis rbilobSi aRmoCenilia 18 saxis aminomJava, aqedan 8 Seucvlelia, radgan adamianis organizmSi ver warmoiqmneba da masSi mxolod miRebuli sakvebidan SeiZleba moxvdes. cximebis (lipidebis) Semcvelobis mxriv, soko yvela bostneuls aRemateba. bunebrivi cximebis Semcveloba sokoebSi saSualod 1,3-2,7%-s aRwevs, maT Soris aris sterinebi, fosfatidebi, eTerzeTebi da cximovani mJavebi. aRniSnuli cximovani mJavebis nawilis sinTezi adamianis organizmSi ver xdeba da Sesabamisad, Seucvleli produqtia, romelsac mxolod sakvebidan viRebT. es mJavebi xels uwyobs kanis zrdasa da nivTierebaTa cvlas, xels uSlis qolesterinis dagrovebas. Aaseve mniSvnelovania sokos SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli naxSirwylebi. maTi ZiriTadi nawili, romelic ujredis fraqciaSi Sedis, awesrigebs kuW-nawlavis mikrofloras, xels uwyobs organizmidan qolesterinisa da toqsikuri nivTierebis gamodevnas.
– rogorc vici, apirebT sokoze SemecnebiTi literaturis Seqmnas. ra etapze xarT?
– diax, vmuSaobT sokoebis identificirebis wignze, sadac mkiTxveli miiRebs informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris zogadad soko, ra kvebiTi Rirebuleba gaaCnia, kulinariul receptebs da 300-400 sokos detalur aRwerilobas dasuraTebiT. wignis nawili dawerilia. amJamad vmuSaobT samecniero terminologiis gaqarTulebaze, romelic gvWirdeba sokoebis aRwerisas.
– saqarTveloSi ar gvaqvs sokos kerZebis mravalferovani meniu, an saerTod ar gvaqvs. ra aris saWiro imisTvis, rom es sfero ganviTardes?
– samwuxarod, Cveni samzareulo sakmaod mwiria sokoebis kuTxiT. vwvavT niyvsa da qamas. viyenebT saTburSi moyvanil sokoebs kecze Sesawvavad, xinkalsa da CaqafulSi, meti araferi, Tumca aqedan arcerTi ar aris `kerZi~. igi Seiqmna mxolod imisTvis, rom marxvis periodSi xinkali da Caqafuli isev xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo. frangul samzareulos rom gadavxedoT, vnaxavT, rom sokoebis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili aTeulobiT da aseulobiT kerZi aqvT. uamravi saxeobis sokos iyeneben kulinariaSi. CvenTan es procesi mxolod axla iwyeba. misi sworad ganviTarebisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom xalxma masobrivad iswavlos sokos ZiriTadi saxeobebi. jer Cvens saxlSi unda daviwyoT am produqtis sakvebad gamoyeneba, SemdgomSi ki, roca am sokoebis moxmarebis kultura Camoyalibdeba, gaCndeba moTxovnac, soko restornebSic mivirTvaT. amis naTeli magaliTi aris niyvi, romelsac umetesad, dasavleT saqarTveloSi movixmardiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi da bolo wlebSi ukve Tbilissa da sxva did qalaqebSi restornebis meniuSic aqtiurad gvxvdeba. imedia, uaxloes wlebSi daTvis sokos, miqlios da Zabra sokosac aseve aqtiurad vixilavT sarestorno meniuebSi.
– Tqvenma kompaniam Seqmna triufelis safuZvelze alkoholuri sasmeli. rodis apirebT mis realizacias?
– xangrZlivi eqsperimentebis Sedegad, SevqmeniT triufelis brendi Cveni unikaluri receptiT. sasmelis warmoebaSi gamoyenebulia kaxeTsa da imereTSi mopovebuli zafxulis Savi triufeli. vimedovnebT, rom uaxloes periodSi ukve aqtiurad gamoCndeba ramdenime adgilze.
– ra Secvala TqvenSi sokoebiT dainteresebam?
– pirvel rigSi, bunebisadmi damokidebuleba. tye da tyeSi siaruli isedac yovelTvis miyvarda. vfiqrob, saukeTeso saSualebaa gansatvirTad da janmrTelobisTvisac. am hobis damsaxurebiT gavige, ramdenad dakavSirebulia tyeSi yvelaferi erTmaneTTan da ramdenad mniSvnelovania, rom tyis safari ar davazianoT, ar davabinZuroT, gaudabnoebas ar SevuwyoT xeli. Aaseve, aRmovaCine, rom Cveni tyeebi savsea uamravi sakvebad vargisi da gemrieli delikatesi sokoebiT, romlebiTac SegviZlia Cveni samzareulos gamdidreba. amisTvis mxolod erTi ramaa saWiro, ar dagvezaros tyeSi wasvla, xetiali da viswavloT sokoebis identificireba.
– piradad Tqven Tu aRmogiCeniaT axali saxeoba, rac saqarTveloSi aravin icoda?
– me da nika CaCxiani Zalian xSirad davdivarT sxvadasxva regionis tyeebSi. gvinaxavs ramdenime saxeobis iseTi soko, romelic saqarTveloSi oficialurad aravis aRuweria akademiuri meTodiT. Sesabamisad, arcerT samecniero wyaroSi ar fiqsirdeba, rom es sokoebi Cvens tyeebSic aris gavrcelebuli. momavalSi vapirebT, rom am procesSi aqtiurad CaverToT, Cven aRvweroT es sokoebi da amis Sesaxeb samecniero statiebi gamovaqveynoT. Cven mier napovni bevri soko evropis masStabiT wiTel wignSia Setanili da iSviaT saxeobad iTvleba. msgavsi samecniero statiebis gamoqveyneba mikologiiT dainteresebul bevr ucxoel profesionals moizidavs Cvens tyeebSi.
– dabolos, top 5 soko, romelic unda gasinjos adamianma. . .
– cxadia, gemovneba Zalian subieqturi ramea. gamisinjavs 40-ze meti saxeobis soko da amaze dayrdnobiT SemiZlia vTqva, rom saukeTeso gemovnuri Tvisebebis mqone sokoebSi aucileblad Seviyvandi Zabra sokos, daTvis sokos, xarisfaSvas, niyvs, xaxvilos, marwyvios, jimlas, mindvris qamas, yviTel abedas. Zalian rTulia top xuTeulSi Cavatio sayvareli sokoebi.