აჭარისწყლის ხეობაში საეკლესიო ნაგებობათა მშენებლობა ჯერ კიდევ ახალი წელთაღრიცხვის I საუკუნიდან იწყება
ოთარ ცინარიძე 599 85 21 14 –
სოფელ ჯაბნიძეების არქეოლოგიური ექსპედიცია
Suaxevis municipalitetis sofel jabniZeebSi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi 10 dRes mimdinareobda da mas cnobili mecnierebi tariel ebraliZe da nargiz surmaniZe xelmZRvanelobdnen. eqspediciis saqmianobaze `aWaraSi~ ukve daiwera, es interviu ki tariel ebraliZesTan CavwereT, romelSic mecnierma kolega nargiz surmaniZis Tvalsazrisic gamoxata.
– aWara mdidaria materialuri kulturis ZeglebiT, aqauri miwis wiaRSi mravali saidumlo inaxeba. swored aq iqadaga qristianoba pirvelad andria pirvelwodebulma. samwuxarod, JamTa svlam maTi didi nawili nangrevebad aqcia, nawili ki mTlianad gaanadgura. maT Sesaxeb cnobebi zogjer mwir werilobiT wyaroebSi an kidev mosaxleobis mexsierebasa da toponimebSia Semonaxuli.
– ra iyo am eqspediciis arsi?
– sazogadoebis yuradReba gvinda mivapyroT patara taZris naSTebs, romlebic sofel jabniZeebSia SemorCenili. igi mdebareobs Suaxevis municipalitetSi, mareTis xeobis, kerZod, mdinare Ciruxiswylis marcxena da mis Senakad tbeTiswylis marjvena napirze, rikixeTidan sxarnaris goris wveramde, daba Suaxevidan daaxloebiT 10 kilometris, xolo baTumidan 76 kilometris daSorebiT. Tanamedrove administraciuli dayofiT sofeli Sedis uCambis administraciul erTeulSi: jabniZeebi, tbeTi, gogaZeebi, cinareTi, laklakeTi, samoleTi, wablana da oTxi ubnisagan Sedgeba: qaSveTi, qveda sofeli, gora, verxvana. arqeologiuri samuSaoebi sofel jabniZeebis naeklesiaris SeswavlisTvis jer kidev 2015 wels daiwyo sxalTis eparqiis mTavarepiskopos meufe spiridonis locva-kurTxeviTa da aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos dafinansebiT. wels gagrZelda rogorc naeklesiaris Seswavla, aseve masTan arsebuli samarovnis kvleva, romelzec gadatanili iyo ZiriTadi samuSaoebi. Zegli mdebareobs uban qaSveTSi, egreT wodebul komakeTis serze. profesori iuri sixaruliZe aRniSnavda, rom am serze mikvleulia Zveli nagebobis naSTebi, romelsac mosaxleoba `naqilisvars~ uwodebs. komakeTis seri soflis skolis dasavleTiT mdebare patara qedia, romelic samxreTidan CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT TandaTan maRldeba sxarnaris wveromde. dRes am qedze soflis Zveli (qristianuli) da axali samarovania warmodgenili.
– sawyis etapze ra dagxvdaT?
– naeklesiari komakeTis seris samxreT nawilSi, yvelaze dabal adgilas yofila agebuli. arqeologiuri samuSaoebis dawyebamde, vizualuri daTvalierebiTac SeiniSneboda, rom nageboba Zlier iyo dazianebul-dangreuli, zedapirulad Canda adgilobrivi riyis qvebiTa da kirxsnariT nagebi Senobis samxreT-aRmosavleTi (afsidis) da dasavleTi kedlis mcire naSTebi, danarCeni monakveTi mTlianad dafaruli iyo miwiT. samarovnis teritoriaze mimofantulia an gazidulia eklesiis qvebis didi nawili. adgilobrivebs dangreuli eklesiis sapire qvebi soflis `qveda centrSi~ arsebuli meCeTis balavrisa da sardafis gasamarTad gamouyenebiaT. sagangebod daviTvaleT 150-ze meti kargad damuSavebuli kvadrebi. maT Soris gvxvdeba kapitelis qva. aseve yuradRebas iqcevs kvadri, romelzec wreSi Casmuli bolnuri jvari unda yofiliyo gamosaxuli. jvari mTlianad basri sagniTaa sagangebod waSlili. miuxedavad amisa, Cven gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, grafikulad aRvadginoT jvris forma.
– pirveli siaxle ra iyo?
– naeklesiaris aRmosavleTiT, samarovnis teritoriaze mimobneul qvebs Soris, adgilobrivma mkvidrma vladimer mukutaZem mimdinare wlis aprilSi, gawmendiTi samuSaoebis dros, SemTxveviT ipova asomTavrulwarweriani qvis fragmenti, romlis meore nawili Cveni eqspediciis dros aRmovaCineT. qvaze amokveTilia mokle savedrebeli warwera: `qriste Seiwyale basili da misni Svilni~. vfiqrobT, rom basili unda iyos eklesiis mSenebeli.
– es basili xixanis cixis xuroTmoZRvari xom ar iyo?
– gamoricxuli araferia, maSinac da dResac yovel kuTxeSi taZrebs cnobili xuroTmoZRvrebi aSeneben. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom naeklesiari sxvadasxva dros gamxdara moyvarul arqeologTa kvlevis obieqti. wina saukunis meore naxevarSi adgilobrivi skolis pedagogebs Zeglis teritoriaze CautarebiaT `arqeologiuri gaTxrebi~, romlis dros aRmoCenili keramikuli nawarmi saskolo muzeumSi ganuTavsebiaT. samwuxarod, mogvianebiT skolis Senoba daiwva da nivTieri masalac masTan erTad ganadgurda.
– ra gairkva arqeologiuri muSaobis procesSi?
– gairkva, rom eklesiis ngrevis Sedegad kedlis naSTebi morRveulia rogorc Senobis Sida, aseve gareTa, gansakuTrebiT – CrdiloeT mxares, sadac qvebTan erTad SeiniSneboda xanZris kvalic. eklesia erTnaviani darbazuli tipis nageboba yofila. misi Sida sivrcis zomebia 7X3,90 metri, xolo gare sivrcis – 8,4X5,4 metri wagrZelebuli sworkuTxedi. Sedgeba darbazisa (zomebi – 4,8X3,9 m) da naxevarwriuli afsidisagan (2,2X3,5 m), romelic sworkuTxedis farglebSi rCeba. sakurTxeveli eklesiis darbazis sworxazovani kedlebisagan odnav gamoyofil-gamokveTilia da misi sivrce gacilebiT naklebia. Senobis samxreTi darbazis kedeli, saidanac eklesias Sesasvleli unda hqonoda, saZirkvlamdea dangreuli. gadarCenilia dasavleTis, CrdiloeTisa da afsidis kedlis ramdenime rigi. sarkmeli, savaraudod, afsidis Sua xazze unda yofiliyo gaWrili. eklesiis saZirkvlad gamoyenebulia gaTlili, 55-60 sm, 110-120 sm sigrZisa da 10-15 sm sisqis marTkuTxa formis qvis filebi. samxreTiT dafiqsirda orsafexuriani cokoli. daculi naSTebis mixedviT Cans, rom cokolze aRmarTuli kedlis gareTa da Siga zedapiri (perangi) kargad damuSavebuli gaTlili kvadrebiTaa amoyvanili (zomebia: 70X35 sm; 40X30sm; 15X25 sm), wyoba wesieria, xolo maT Soris sivrce kirxsnariTa da natexi qvebiTaa Sevsebuli. saZirkveli kedelTan SedarebiT farToa da igi kedlis orive mxares odnav gazidulia. iataki dagebulia sxvadasxva zomis brtyeli qvebiTa da kirxsnariT, darbazis Crdilo-aRmosavleT kedelTan SemorCenilia misi mcire fragmenti, sakurTxevlis iataki ki Tixatkepnilia. sakurTxevlis afsidSi daculia vertikalurad Cadgmuli mogrZo, brtyeli formis damuSavebuli qvebi. ar gamovricxavT, rom qvebis erTi nawili gamoyenebuli yofiliyo dasajdomad, xolo erT nawilze trapezis qva ido.
– gawmendiTi samuSaoebi ra formiT midioda?
– eklesiis gareT, Crdilo-dasavleT kedlis gaswvriv saZirkvlis doneze gaiwminda mozrdili qvebi, romlebic warmoadgendnen arqiteqturul detalebs. yuradRebas iqcevs karisa Tu sarkmlis sapire qvebis nimuSebi, TaRiseburi fragmentebi. qvebs Soris erTi swored zemoT aRniSnuli trapezisTvis unda yofiliyo gankuTvnili. rogorc Cans, eklesiis dangrevis Semdeg es qvebi kedlis gareT gadauyriaT.
– daskvna rogoria?
– arqeologiurma samuSaoebma daadastura, rom eklesiis aRmosavleTiTa da samxreTiT gamarTuli yofila samarxebi, romlebic pirdapir eklesiis gare kedelTan iwyeba. micvalebuli dakrZalulia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis xazze. am etapze Seswavlilia 13-mde ormosamarxi, SeiniSneba samarxSi nivTebis – jamebis, sasmisebis Catanebis niSnebic. erTi samarxi da ori qvevri, maT Soris erTi sruladaa gadarCenili, naeklesiaris Sida sivrceSia warmodgenili. gadarCenili qvevridan wvimis dros dagrovebuli 200 litramde wyali amovtumbeT. igive zomisa unda yofiliyo meore qvevric. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros aRmoCnda mouWiqavi da moWiquli WurWlis fragmentebi, jamebi, sasmisebi. yuradRebas iqcevs afsidSi, iatakis doneze aRmoCenili sasanTlisa Tu sakmevlis Tixis fexiani WurWeli, qvevris pir-yelis, tanisa da Ziris fragmentebi, faiansis finjani. keramikis garda gvxvdeba liTonis nawarmic, kerZod, rkinisa da brinjaos jvari, rkinis daniseburi iaraRi, brinjaos WurWlis yuris fragmentebi da sxva. daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom aWariswylis xeobaSi saeklesio nagebobaTa mSenebloba jer kidev axali welTaRricxvis I saukunidan iwyeba. pirveli eklesia sofel didaWaraSi andria pirvelwodebulma aago. eklesiebis mSeneblobas farTo xasiaTi ganviTarebul feodalur xanaSi miuRia. kerZod, X-XI saukuneebidan saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebisa da xeobebis msgavsad, aqac farTod gaSlila cixe-koSkebis, TaRovani xidebis, saeklesio Tu sxva nagobobaTa mSenebloba. Turqofilobis dros, istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis gamo, regionSi aqtiurad iwyeba qristianuli xuroTmoZRvruli sakulto nagebobebis ganadgureba. ingreoda eklesia-monastrebi, iCexeboda vazi. . . dangreuli eklesiis qvebi gamoiyeneboda meCeTebisa da medreseebis mSeneblobaSi an eklesiis saZirkvelze zemodan meCeTia daSenebuli kvalis gaqrobis mizniT. aWaraSi ar aris sofeli, dasaxlebuli ubani, sadac ar iyos naeklesiari. zogierT sofelSi ori eklesiac ki fiqsirdeba (furtio, darCiZeebi. . . ). mosaxleoba xSirad gvawvdis informacias, mogvmarTavs TxovniT, rom maT sofelSi vawarmooT arqeologiuri samuSaoebi. vsargeblobT SemTxveviT da madlobas gadavuxdiT aWaris kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis saagentos, romelic yuradRebis, reagirebis gareSe ar tovebs mosaxleobis Txovnas da uzrunvelyofs arqeologiur samuSaoebs. aqve gvinda madloba gadavuxadoT Suaxevis municipalitetis sakrebulos Semadgenlobas, mis Tavmjdomares baton rostom lorTqifaniZes, komisiis Tavmjdomares, amave soflis mkvidr Tengiz ivanaZes, jabniZeebis sajaro skolis direqtors jemal ivanaZes, soflis mosaxleobas, gamorCeulad revaz da guliko natariZeebis ojaxs gamoCenili mxardaWerisa da gverdSi dgomisTvis. Cvenc ganzraxuli gvaqvs, yovelwliurad vawarmooT arqeologiuri samuSaoebi da dRis sinaTleze gamovitanoT Cveni mdidari kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, utyuari artefaqtebi.