100 წელი – ყარსის ხელშეკრულების დადებიდან და ანტიამერიკული განწყობის კონტურები…
ლაშა ხომერიკი 593 50 82 69 –
dRes saqarTvelo araerTi gamowvevis winaSea rogorc saSinao, ise sagareo politikis TvalsazrisiT, am mxriv warsulis Seswavla da gaanalizeba Zalian mniSvnelovania, miT ufro, rom ruseTis mier okupirebulia afxazeTi da samaCablo da mcocav okupacias agrZelebs. ocian wlebSi saqarTvelos okupacia rom ara, Cveni qveyana ar iqneboda okupirebuli da arc yarsis xelSekruleba gaformdeboda, romlis dadebidan 100 weli Sesrulda. es Tema mudmivad warmoadgens Cveni sazogadoebis interesis sagans – am da sxva aqtualur sakiTxebze sasaubrod moviwvieT Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso universitetis samarTlis skolis leqtori, saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialisti akaki beriZe, visi mosazrebac ar gamoxatavs am saswavlo dawesebulebis pozicias.
– batono akaki, 100 weli Sesrulda yarsis xelSekrulebis dadebidan, ram gamoiwvia am xelSekrulebis gaformeba da ras iTvaliswinebs igi?
– 1921 wlis martSi saqarTvelo, azerbaijani da somxeTi ruseTis wiTeli armiis mier ukve iyo okupirebuli, saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT 1921 wlis Tebervlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omi Sefasda rogorc saqarTvelos okupacia da aneqsia. miuxedavad imisa, rom qveyana faqtobrivad, okupirebuli iyo, wiTeli droSa frialebda Cvens qveyanasa da or mezobel saxelmwifoSi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani da somxeTi formalur doneze mainc inarCunebda damoukideblobas. amitom saWiro gaxda maTi monawileobiT molaparakebebis gamarTva, romelic 1921 wlis 23 seqtembers daiwyo TurqeTis q. yarsSi da 13 oqtombers xelSekrulebis xelmoweriT dasrulda erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos, somxeTis, azerbaijanis sabWoTa socialistur respublikebsa da meore mxriv, TurqeTs Soris, Tumca samive qveyanas ruseTis mier dasmuli marionetuli xelisufleba hyavda da ruseTis imperiis politikas atarebda. faqtobrivad, samive xelisuflebis molaparakebebi mimdinareobda ruseTis federaciis patronaJiT. Sesabamisad, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom es iyo ara suverenul sawyisebze dadebuli xelSekruleba, aramed – kavkasiaSi or imperias (ruseTsa da TurqeTs) Soris teritoriebis gadanawileba. am mosazrebas amZafrebs isic, rom es iyo Semajamebeli xelSekruleba 1921 wlis 16 marts ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris moskovSi gaformebuli xelSekrulebisa, radgan ZiriTadad, imeorebda mis pirobebs, romliTac sabWoTa ruseTi da TurqeTi SeTanxmdnen kavkasiaSi teritoriebis ganawilebis Taobaze. xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi mizani iyo axali sazRvrebis dadgena. yarsis xelSekruleba gaformda ruseTis sabWoTa federaciuli socialisturi respublikis monawileobiTa da patronaJiT da ZalaSi Sevida ratificikaciis Semdeg, 1922 wlis 11 seqtembers, yarsis xelSekruleba 20 muxlisa da 3 danarTisgan Sedgeba. am SeTanxmebiT dadginda sazRvrebi TurqeTsa da samxreT kavkasiis respublikebs Soris, rac mkafiod gaiwera SeTanxmebis Sesabamis muxlebSi. xelSekrulebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ssr-is baTumis olqidan darCa q. baTumi da aWara, TurqeTma ki miiRo arTvinisa da artaanis olqebi. TurqeTma somxeTis ssr-s daubruna q. giumri da daitova q. yarsi da misi Semogareni. yarsis xelSekrulebis meeqvse muxli uSualod exeba saqarTvelos, sadac weria: `TurqeTi Tanxmdeba, saqarTvelos dauTmos suzereniteti qalaq baTumsa da baTumis navsadgurze da im teritoriaze, romelic mdebareobs am xelSekrulebis meoTxe muxlSi miTiTebuli sazRvris CrdiloeTiT da Seadgens baTumis olqis Semadgenel nawils, Semdegi pirobiT: 1. am adgilis mosaxleoba, romelic miTiTebulia am muxlSi, isargeblebs farTo adgilobrivi avtonomiiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs TiToeuli Temis kulturul da religiur uflebebs da mosaxleobas ufleba eqneba, SemoiRos miwis kanoni sakuTari Sexedulebis mixedviT; 2. TurqeTs garantirebuli eqneba baTumis navsadgurSi Tavisufali satranzito moZraoba sxvadasxva tvirTebze, romlebic igzavneba TurqeTSi an piriqiT, yovelgvari Seferxebis, baJisa da sxvadasxva gadasaxadis gadaxdis gareSe~. meSvide da merve muxlebSi saubari exeba sasazRvro zonaSi mcxovrebi moqalaqeebisTvis gamartivebul sasazRvro mimosvlas da orive mxares saZovrebze saqonlis Seuferxebel gatarebas. zemoaRniSnuli muxlebidan dRes meore da mesame, faqtobrivad, umoqmedoa, rac Seexeba pirvel muxls, mis safuZvelze Seiqmna aWaris avtonomia, rac raRac doneze iyo TurqeTis moTxovna, Tumca sabWoTa ruseTma es Canaweri ufro saTavisod gamoiyena. bevri saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialisti, maT Soris Turqic, ambobs, rom TurqeTis moTxovna iyo mxolod religiuri da kulturuli avtonomia, politikuri nawili gadatanili iyo ukana planze, magram sabWoTa ruseTma politikuri nawili wamoswia wina planze.
– yarsis xelSekruleba, ZiriTadad, romeli qveynis interesebs iTvaliswinebs?
– dadebis momentSi, rogorc aRvniSne, yarsis xelSekruleba ar iTvaliswinebda sami suverenuli saxelmwifos – azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis interesebs, vinaidan isini xelSekrulebis dadebis momentSi iyvnen okupirebulni. xelSekrulebis dadebis dros ar arsebobda venis konvencia saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTlis Sesaxeb, romlis preambula xelSekrulebis dadebis kriteriumad aRiarebs saxelmwifoebis mier Tavisufali Tanxmobisa da keTilsindisierebis princips, aseve Pacta sunt servanda-s normas, romelic sayovelTaod aris aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. 1969 wels venis konvenciis saxiT Seiqmna xelSekruleb(eb)is dadebis samarTlebrivi CarCo saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. yarsis xelSekrulebis dadebis dros samarTlebrivi CarCo ar arsebobda, xolo rom yofiliyo, albaT am etapze yarsis xelSekruleba gabaTildeboda, vinaidan srulfasovnad ar iyo gamoxatuli xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifoTa suverenuli neba. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, 1992 wels saqarTvelom aRiara yarsis xelSekruleba. 1992 wlis 30 ivliss saqarTvelos respublikasa da TurqeTis respublikas Soris megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis Sesaxeb xelmowerili xelSekrulebis preambula gvamcnobs: `mxareebi acxadeben, rom daicaven maT Soris dadebul xelSekrulebebs da SeTanxmebebs, dawyebuli 1921 wlis 13 oqtombris yarsis SeTanxmebiT. mxareebi xelmZRvaneloben imiT, rom am SeTanxmebiT sabolood dadginda sazRvari or saxelmwifos Soris~. saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, yarsis xelSekrulebasTan dakavSirebiT araerTgvarovani poziciaa somxeTSi, somxeTi ar aRiarebs yarsis xelSekrulebis status kvos da eWvqveS ayenebs yarsis xelSekrulebiT dadgenil sazRvrebs. es, aseve, gamowveulia TurqeTsa da somxeTs Soris arsebuli istoriuli uTanxmoebiT – TurqeTis mxridan eTnikurad somexTa savaraudo genocidTan dakavSirebiT.
– drodadro kremliseuli propaganda avrcelebs mosazrebas, rom Tu ar gagrZeldeba yarsis xelSekruleba, aWara TurqeTis SemadgenlobaSi gadava, ras ityviT amaze?
– yvelaze gavrcelebuli dezinformacia, romelic ruseTis axali sagareo politikuri strategiis – hibriduli omis nawilia, aris is, rom TiTqos yarsis xelSekrulebas xelmoweridan 100 wlis Semdeg (anu 2021 wels) moqmedebis vada ewureba, ris Semdegac viTomc da gadaisinjeba aWaris saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi yofna. sinamdvileSi zemoxsenebuli xelSekruleba araviTari vadiT ar aris SezRuduli da Sesabamisad, 2021 wels mas vada ver gauva. amrigad, verc aWaris kuTvnilebis sakiTxi ver dadgeba. piriqiT, yarsis xelSekrulebiT, TurqeTma saqarTvelos suvereniteti aRiara aWaraze, rac imas niSnavs, rom cno saqarTvelos sruli iurisdiqcia baTumsa da mis olqze. igive gaakeTa TurqeTma 1992 wlis saqarTvelosTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT.
– rakiRa rusuli propaganda vaxseneT, ramdenad moqmedebs es rusuli diskursi saqarTveloSi antidasavluri diskursis gasaRviveblad da am mxriv ra unda gaakeTos Cvenma xelisuflebam?
– hibriduli omis winaaRmdeg evropis sabWos miRebuli aqvs ramdenime rezolucia, masSi gawerilia, rogor unda gaumklavdnen demokratiulad arCeuli xelisuflebebi ruseTis hibridul oms. samarTlebrivi CarCo dRemde ixveweba da konkretuli sanqciebi jer kidev ar arsebobs. es ar aris lokaluri problema, igi globaluri ganzomilebis nawilia. gamosavali aris sakuTari qveynis interesebis, usafrTxoebisa da sagareo politikuri kursis iseTi platformis Seqmna, romlis integrirebuli nawili iqneba samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, rac ufunqcios gaxdis ruseTis hibridul oms.
– ruseTis TaosnobiT, gaxmianda e.w. 3+3 formati, sadac ruseTi, TurqeTi, irani da sami samxreT kavkasiuri qveyana unda gaerTiandes, Tqveni azri amis Sesaxeb?
– somxeTs Tavisi mZime mdgomareoba am etapze aiZulebs, am formatis nawili gaxdes, sadac misi mokavSire irani da ruseTia, azerbaijanic mSvenivrad igrZnobs Tavs am formatSi – yarabaxis omis gamarjvebuli qveyanaa, Tan kaspiuri da navTobiT mdidari, TurqeTis mxardaWerili da ruseTTan dalagebuli urTierTobebiT. ruseTisa da iranis motivacia aris antiamerikuli formatis damkvidreba kavkasiaSi da TurqeTTan aliansSi yofna. aq erTi sakiTxia aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebeli saqarTvelos WrilSi. ruseTs wlebia unda konfliqtebis daregulirebaze Jenevis formatidan gamosvla da sxva formatSi gadatana, SeiZleba igi ecados saqarTvelos `gamotyuebas~ Jenevis formatidan da sxva formatSi gadayvanas. mimaCnia, rom `3+3~ formati saqarTvelosTvis iqneba geopolitikurad wamgebiani konfliqtebis daregulirebis kuTxiT, aseve, evroatlantikuri integraciis kuTxiT.
– politikosebi da eqspertebi acxadeben, rom Tu saqarTvelo daTanxmdeba am antidasavlur gaerTianebaSi gawevrianebas, es rusul orbitaSi dabruneba iqneba. ras fiqrobT?
– saqarTvelo amas ar daTanxmdeba, vinaidan es iqneba prodasavluri kursis damazianebeli manevri saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi, ramac SesaZloa qveynis interesebi Seiwiros.