ექიმთა შეცდომებით გამოწვეული გართულებების საჯაროდ განხილვა აუცილებელია საზოგადოებისთვისაც და თავად მედიკოსებისთვისაც
aWaris eqimTa gaerTianebuli sazogadoebis istoria 1896 wlidan iwyeba. baTumSi misi samkvidro memed abaSiZis q # 46-Si arsebuli lamazi Senobaa, romlis pirveli sarTuli, sxvaTa Soris, am sazogadoebas Tavad rusma monarqma nikoloz meorem usasyidlod gadasca. im dros am gamzirs marinis gamziri erqva. imTaviTve eqimTa sazogadoebis mTavari mizani medicinis mesveurTa da sazogadoebis urTierToba, eqimisa da pacientis dacva iyo da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erTgvarad samarTlianobis dacvasac emsaxureboda. axali kanonmdeblobiT am sazogadoebis xelaxali registracia gaxda saWiro da amitom igi xelmeored daafuZnes. misi erT-erTi damfuZnebeli gaxlavT cnobili qirurgi, profesori akaki beriZe. samwuxarod, Zveli lamazi Senoba wina xelisuflebam larad mihyida erT-erTi mediasaSualebis mflobelis naTesavs. dRes batoni akaki im saintereso sakiTxze gvesaubreba, romlis Sesaxebac xsenebuli sazogadoebis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze (Tema: `saeqimo Secdomebi, maTi prevencia da Semcirebis gzebi~) apirebs gamosvlas. sakiTxi marTlac aqtualuri da mtkivneulicaa – es gaxlavT eqimis daSvebuli Secdomis Sedegad gamowveuli garTulebebis prevencia, diagnostika da mkurnaloba, am saxis garTulebebs samedicino enaze iatrogenuls uwodeben da gagikvirdebaT, Tavad ganviTarebul aSS-Sic ki maT gul-sisxlZarRvTa da onkodaavadebaTa Semdeg fataluri Sedegebis mxriv mesame adgili ukavia.
– batono kako, udavod, aqtualuri, emociebTan dakavSirebuli da delikaturi sakiTxia eqimebis mizeziT gamowveuli garTulebebi, rasac, rogorc Cans, fataluri Sedegi ara marto saqarTveloSi mohyveba, albaT swored amitom gadawyviteT masze xmamaRla gesaubraT?
– aqamde iTvleboda, rom samedicino Secdomebi konfidencialuri da mosaxleobisTvis damaluli unda yofiliyo. am azrs bolo dros medikosTa didi nawili ar iziarebs. cnobili ingliseli neiroqirurgis, henri marSis rwmeniT, eqimi pirvel rigSi, adamiania Tavisi fsiqikiT, SiSiT, SecdomebiT. eqimic cdeba da ra azri aqvs amis damalvas? eqimisa da pacientis urTierTobaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovania ndoba da gulwrfeloba. gulwrfel eqims ufro endoba pacienti. henri marSs mankier movlenad miaCnia jandacvis sferos komercializacia, roca eqims Tu klinikas, pirvel rigSi, mogebis interesi amoZravebs da am mizniT niSnavs Zvirad Rirebul, arasaWiro gamokvlevebs, zogjer ki araaucilebel qirurgiul operaciasac ki. amboben, rom bazari yvelafers daaregulirebs. bazris kanoniT samedicino sferos marTva dauSvebelia.
– ra miznebs emsaxureba Tqveni sazogadoeba?
– aWaris eqimTa gaerTianebuli sazogadoeba aris eqimTa nebayoflobiTi gaerTianeba. misi miznebidan gamovyofdi ramdenimes: eqimTa inteleqtualuri Zalebis gamovlineba, maTi gamoyeneba samecniero da praqtikul saqmianobaSi, regionSi daavadebaTa mecnieruli Seswavla da maTi prevenciis RoniZiebebis SemuSaveba, pacientisa da eqimis uflebebis dacva da sxv. Cveni sazogadoebis Senoba (axlandeli misamarTi: memed abaSiZis q. N46), romliTac sargeblobdnen medikosebi sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis mTel periodSi, moulodnelad, 1 dReSi, 2011 wels, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos `erovnulma xelisuflebam~ baTumel eqimebs saakaSvilisa da varSalomiZis brZanebiT, erT larad gausxvisa. Cveni saprotesto werilebis safuZvelze prokuraturam Seiswavla, eWvqveS daayena gasxvisebis kanoniereba da yadaRa daado obieqts. dava dRemde grZeldeba. am davaSi baTumel eqimebs baTumelebis, inteligenciis, sazogadoebis mxardaWeris imedi gvaqvs.
– modiT, Tqveni sakonferencio Temis Sesaxeb ufro konkretulad visaubroT, mainc rogor klasificirdeba samedicino Secdoma, misi mizezebi, profilaqtika, gamovlinebisa da koreqciis gzebi?
– Cems gamosvlas epigrafad unda wavumZRvaro eqimisadmi wayenebuli umaTavresi moTxovna – Pupirvelesad ar avno! igi medicinis mamamTavar hipokrates ekuTvnis. es principi eqimis msoflmxedvelobis fundamentia da srulad Seesabameba gansaxilveli sakiTxis Tematikas da paToss. 2014 wels cnobilma ingliselma neiroqirurgma henri marSma gamosca uaRresad saintereso wigni `ar avno: sicocxlis, sikvdilis da tvinis qirurgiis ambebi~. mas bevri mkiTxveli hyavs da msoflios mraval enazea Targmnili. Tvlian, rom henri marSma samedicino literaturaSi axal mimarTulebas – veterani eqimis aRsarebis Janrs misca dasabami. wignSi aRwerilia avtoris lamis saswaulis tolfasi warmatebebic da amasTan, karieris sxvadasxva etapze daSvebuli Secdomebisa da mtkivneuli marcxis epizodebic. igi saocari gulwrfelobiT mogviTxrobs, rom eqimi, pirvel rigSi, adamiania, Tavisi SiSebiT, SfoTviT, fsiqikiT, SecdomebiT. mas xSirad ekamaTebian, ramdenad sworia eqimis Secdomebis, gancdebis ase SiSvlad Cveneba, amiT xom SeSindebian pacientebi?! pasuxi mtkice da mSvidia – piriqiT, eqimisa da pacientis urTierTobaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovania ndoba da gulwrfeloba. henri marSi wigns ase iwyebs: – `me xSirad miwevs tvinis gaWra da amis keTeba mZuls.~ tvini metad saTuTi organoa da mis qsovilze aucilebel, Tundac umniSvnelo manipulaciasac ki SeiZleba didi tragedia – letaluri Sedegi mohyves, an xangrZlivi droiT gaauaresos pacientis sicocxlis xarisxi, gamoiwvios sxvadasxva saxis dambla. arc WeSmariti eqimia am dros karg dReSi – stresiT, pasuxismgeblobis wnexiT, SiSiT da sxva adamianuri sisusteebiT daTrgunuls uZneldeba adekvaturi gadawyvetilebis miReba da marcxis SemTxveva didi xniT aisaxeba mis janmrTelobaze. arcTu ise iSviaTad radikalur zomebsac mimarTavs. magaliTad, brwyinvale qirurgs, gulis gadanergvis pioners kristian bernars axalgazrdobis periodSi RviZlze operaciis Semdeg sisxldeniT daeRupa axalgazrda qali. meore dRes igi kabinetSi eaxla klinikis xelmZRvanels, gancxadebiT iTxovda Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebas – veRar SevZleb qirurgobaso. Sefma daamSvida axalgazrda qirurgi, daxia gancxadeba – am da sxva Secdomebze iswavli da gaizrdebio. henri marSi meore ukiduresobazec saubrobs, roca eqims Tavi varskvlavi hgonia, sakuTari ego safrTxes uqmnis pacientTan, kolegebTan, sazogadoebasTan urTierTobaSi. sazogadoeba, xelisufleba (iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda) yovelTvis pativs miagebda eqimebs, maT Tavganwirul Sromas sxvaTa sicocxlis gadasarCenad. didi goeTe brZanebda: `qirurgia RvTaebrivi xelovnebaa, romlis sagans adamianis saxeba warmoadgens. igi asworebs bunebis mier Tandayolil an cxovrebis manZilze SeZenil Secdomebs~. bodiSs vixdi, rom sityva Zalian gamigrZelda. axla sakuTar Secdomebs davubrundeT: saeqimo Secdomis mravali ganmarteba arsebobs, magram literaturaSi yvelasaTvis misaRebi arcerTi araa. samedicino Secdoma hqvia samedicino momsaxurebis Sedegad ganviTarebul gverdiT efeqts an arasasurvel reaqcias, romlis Tavidan acileba SeiZleboda. sxva redaqciiT, samedicino Secdoma aris eqimis keTilsindisieri dabneuloba, romelmac ziani miayena pacientis janmrTelobas. termini `saeqimo Secdoma~ ixmareba samedicino da ara iuridiul literaturaSi. esaa eqimis araswori qmedeba saeqimo saqmianobaSi, roca mas iuridiulad brali ar edeba. saeqimo Secdoma eqimis araswori qmedebaa (an umoqmedoba), romlis safuZvelia Tanamedrove mecnierebis arasrulyofileba, eqimis mier dagrovili codnis arasrulad aTviseba an misi praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unaris uqonloba. samedicino Secdoma dasjadi ar aris. es ar aris gulgrilobis gamovlineba, nasvami mdgomareoba, gangeb sxeulis dazianeba, rac samarTlis saqmea da prokuratura iZiebs.
klasikuri saeqimo Secdomebia: 1. diagnostikuri Secdomebi – daavadebis an misi garTulebis amocnobaSi daSvebuli Secdoma; 2. samkurnalo-taqtikuri Secdomebi, roca diagnozi dasmulia sworad, magram mkurnalobis taqtikaSi Secdomebia; 3. organizaciuli xasiaTis Secdomebi – ar aris mzad romelime samsaxuri; 4. deontologiuri Secdomebi – eqimis uRirsi mopyroba pacientisadmi, mis patronebTan, samedicino personalTan; 5. samedicino dokumentebis SecdomiT Sevseba. saeqimo Secdomebi SeiZleba davyoT: obieqturad, roca raimes Secvla ar SegviZlia da subieqturad, romelic gamomdinareobs eqimis subieqturi Sexedulebidan. medicinaSi bevri subieqturi faqtoria. mag.: ultrasonografiis suraTs yvela eqimi sxvadasxvagvar interpretacias aZlevs. sakamaToa normis cnebac. sxvadasxva individSi xSirad ganmeorebuli erTidaigive movlena miCneulia normad, Tumca, yvela adamiani calke individia. RmerTma yoveli adamiani Seqmna erT egzemplarad, romlis sruli analogi arc axla da arc momavalSi ar iqneba.
– ramdenad xSiria samedicino Secdomebi ucxoeTSi da CvenTan?
– samwuxarod, Zalian xSiria rogorc CvenTan, ise ganviTarebul qveynebSi. aSS-Si, sadac samedicino samsaxuri saukeTesoa msoflioSi, samedicino Secdomebis Sedegad ganviTarebuli letaloba sixSiriT mesame adgilzea gul-sisxlZarRvTa da onkologiuri daavadebebis Semdeg. SemaZrwunebeli statistikaa! samedicino Secdomebis aRricxva da analizi saqarTveloSi ar warmoebs, ar aris amis Semsrulebeli oficialuri saxelmwifo struqtura, amitom zusti cifris dasaxeleba SeuZlebelia. saqarTvelos janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli samedicino saqmianobis regulirebis saagento Semoifargleba mxolod eqimis dasjiT. ganzraxuli gvaqvs mosaxleobisa da samedicino koleqtivebisaTvis es metad mtkivneuli sakiTxi SeviswavloT, gavaanalizoT Cvens uwyebaSi da davsaxoT maTi Semcirebis gzebi.
– rogor aRiqvamen medikosebi mosaxleobis reaqcias maT Secdomebze?
– eqimis Secdoma yvela SemTxvevaSi mtkivneulad aRiqmeba, rogorc Tavad eqimis, ise pacientisa da misi axloblebis mier. Tanamedrove epoqaSi araa Zneli nebismieri sakiTxis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba, amitom yvelani, araspecialistebic ki Tvlian, rom kargad erkvevian medicinaSi da ganikiTxaven eqimis qmedebas. xSirad gaigoneb, eqimi ase ki ara, sxvanairad unda moqceuli-yoo. zogi met agresiulobas iCens da Seaqvs saCivari sxvadasxva instanciaSi, radgan ar akmayofilebs janmrTelobis dacvis saministros mier mokvlevis Sedegad gacemuli daskvna. miaCniaT, rom saCivrebs obieqturad ar ganixilaven, rom eqimis Secdomas misive kolegebi arCeven da arbileben danaSauls. vfiqrob, saeqimo sazogadoebas ufro axlo kontaqti unda hqondes mosaxleobasTan. saxelmwifo, sazogadoeba unda cdilobdes, gaufrTxildes eqimis avtoritets. iq, sadac eqims ar afaseben, upirvelesad, sazogadoeba zaraldeba. Tavad eqimi mudmivad unda cdilobdes profesiuli kvalifikaciis amaRlebas. dadgenilia, rom am miznis misaRwevad eqimma yoveldRiurad unda waikiTxos xuTidan aTamde reitinguli statia specialobis mixedviT.
cxadia, es Tema sakmaod aqtualuria da bevrs gansxvavebuli azri SeiZleba hqondes. `aWara~ siamovnebiT gamoaqveynebs saintereso mosazrebebs, rogorc medikosTa, ise sazogadoebis sxvadasxva warmomadgenlis mxridan.
esaubra
marina miTaiSvili