ასეთები არ კვდებიან – თავდადებული და საკრალური პიროვნება
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dedamiwaze movlenili guliveri, sulmnaTi, graalis raindi. . . aseTi Sefasebebi saqarTvelos pirvelma prezidentma zviad gamsaxurdiam Tavisi moRvaweobiTa da cxovrebiT daimsaxura. igi ukve 29 weliwadia imieri samyaros binadaria, magram amier samyaroSic yvelas axsovs. 31 marts Cveni qveyana ara mxolod 31 wlis winandeli movlenis – referendumis Catarebis TariRs aRniSnavs, aramed kargad axsovs, rom saqarTvelos pirveli prezidents zviad gamsaxurdias dabadebis dRea, am dRes 83 weli Seusruldeboda. . .
zviad gamsaxurdia ara marto me-20 saukunis saqarTvelos udidesi moRvawea, aramed, SeiZleba iTqvas, im gamorCeulad didi pirovnebebis epoqalur galereaSia, romlebsac dro verafers daaklebs. swored man, saqarTvelos pirvelma prezidentma, samSoblos samsxverploze uyoymanod miitana sicocxle, manamde ki mTeli arsebiT ibrZoda qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da cnobierebis amaRlebisTvis. swored misi moRvaweobis nayofi iyo 1991 wlis damoukideblobis aqti – Cveni realuri Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis garanti, zviadis pirovnebaze mravalgzis daiwera, mravalgzis uTqvamT, epiTetebi ar dauSurebiaT – darwmunebuli var, momavalSi am Saravandeds moemateba, Torem ara gamoakldeba ra. sulmnaTma merab kostavamac iwinaswarmetyvela:
`gadaiWrebi gzebiT myofadSi,
daemkvidrebi xalxSi miTiviT,
zeaRmarTul Cvens epoqaSi
miqelanjelos kuSt daviTiviT~.
zviadi, ise rogorc yvela didi adamiani, miTebis da legendebis wyarod iqca, misi sikvdili ver irwmuna erma – aseTebi ar kvdebian. didi sulisa da gonis adamianebi xom mudam Cvens gverdiT arian, cocxloben. . . zviad gamsaxurdia sainteresoa ara marto rogorc politikuri moRvawe, aramed rogorc mecnieri, mwerali, romelmac Tavisi naSromebiT gaamdidra eris sulieri saganZuri da amitomac, vfiqrob, rom igi Cveni qveynis yvelaze didi Tanamedrovea.
umravlesobisTvis zviad gamsaxurdia erovnul moZraobasTan asocirdeba, aseve – sulmnaTi merab kostava. erovnuli moZraobis liderebi iyvnen. swored maT gamoafxizles mosaxleoba leTargiuli Zilisgan wina saukunis 80-ian wlebSi. rwmeniT aRvsili xalxi, Sindisferi droSebiT mitingebsa da demonstraciebs marTavda. maSin erovnuli moZraoba gadamwyvet fazaSi iyo Sesuli da mniSvnelovan rolsac asrulebda saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi. maSin Cveni eri erT muStad Seikra, rac ase aSfoTebda kremls. . . sxvaTa Soris, gamsaxurdias SorsmWvreteloba imaSic gamoixateboda, rom ar miiRo monawileoba komunistebis mier dagegmil martis saparlamento arCevnebSi, saarCevno kanonis arademokratiulobis gamo. amiT maSindeli xelisufleba aiZula, rig daTmobebze wasuliyo. kerZod, miaRebina demokratiuli saarCevno kanoni, swored amis Sedegad saparlamento arCevnebSi damajerebeli gamarjveba moipova blokma – `mrgvali magida~.
erT-erT interviuSi zviad gamsaxurdiam mkafiod ganacxada: `kremlis zRurbls mxolod maSin gadavlaxav, roca damoukidebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqe viqnebi~. marTlac, gamsaxurdiam Tavisi dapireba pirnaTlad Seasrula da kremlis mmarTvelebs Tavi ar dauxara, aman Seiwira kidec, zviadis CamoSorebiT ruseTs CeCneTis damoukideblobis dasamarebac gauadvilda.
zviad gamsaxurdias daxvewili manerebis, samecniero statiebis, enciklopediuri ganaTlebisa da disidenturi warsulis miRma igrZnoboda rkinis nebisyofa, romelsac asazrdoebda erovnuli damoukideblobisken swrafva. . . sxvaTa Soris, zviads didad afasebdnen Crdilokavkasieli liderebi: dudaevi, masxadovi, isak aZoevi da sxvebi . . .
rogorc cnobilia, gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi daaxloebiT erTi weli iyo, prezidentis postze – 6 Tve. daujerebelia, magram am xnis ganmavlobaSi imdeni gaakeTa qveynisTvis, rom saukunesac eyofoda. rogorc aRvniSneT, swored misi Zalisxmevis Sedegia mniSvnelovani movlena, romlis Sesaxebac maSindeli uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile nemo burWulaZe ambobs: `1991 wlis 31 marts gaimarTa damoukideblobis referendumi. 97 procentze metma saqarTvelos damoukideblobas dauWira mxari, imave wlis 9 aprils uzenaesma sabWom (1918 wlis 26 maisis damoukideblobis aqtis safuZvelze) saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamoacxada. Tanac es moxda sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis dros, Cven msofliom gvcno swored 31 martis referendumisa, 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aqtis safuZvelze. garda amisa, referendumi gaimarTa mTeli qveynis masStabiT, cxinvalis regionsa da afxazeTSi, rac samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Zalze mniSvnelovania~.
cxadia, idealuri xelisufleba ar arsebobs, magram gamsaxurdias xelisuflebas ar dauSvia iseTi Secdoma, romelic Cvens qveyanas daazaralebda. saqarTvelos pirvel prezidents xSirad vsayvedurobdiT, rom is gaxldaT radikali, Seupovari, Tumca gamsaxurdiam moaxerxa afxazebTan saerTo enis gamonaxva da amiT aacila qveyanas damangreveli omi, Tumca uSecdomo rom aravinaa, amas Tavadac aRiarebda: `iciT, jer veravin moaxerxa Seucdomlad gaevlo cxovrebis gza, aseve, mec vuSveb maT, ar miyvars sakuTari Tavis afiSireba. erTaderTi da mTavari `plusi~ is maqvs, rom Cemi xalxisTvis ar miRalatia. Secdomebi ki sakmarisze meti davuSvi~, – aRniSna zviad gamsaxurdiam rusul mediasTan saubrisas. gamsaxurdias oponentebi mis umTavres Secdomad Tvlian arasaTanado sakadro da ekonomikur politikas, aseve ruseTTan xist damokidebulebas.
ganvixiloT zemoaRniSnuli braldebebi, mmarTvelobis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi SeuZlebelia Rirseuli kadrebiT daakompleqto yvela saministro, gamgeobebi. bolos da bolos, xom davinaxeT, yofilma da amJamindelma xelisuflebamac mravali ministri gamocvala da savaraudod, kidev gamocvlis, amitom sakadro politikaSi gamsaxurdiasTvis bralis wayeneba aramarTebulia. . . ekonomikuri saswaulis ganxorcielebac SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan sabWoTa kavSiri jer kidev arsebobda, amitom sayveduri – ratom ar gaxda saqarTvelo iaponiis msgavsi saxelmwifo, alogikuria. Cvens sazRvrebs rusis jari akontrolebda, Tanac qveyanas ar gaaCnda sakuTari valuta.
rac Seexeba ruseTis damokidebulebas saqarTvelosadmi, ukve TvalnaTliv gamoCnda, rogori diplomatiuri eniTac unda esaubra masTan pirvel prezidents, amiT araferi Seicvleboda, radgan kremli pativs ar scems saqarTvelos arcerT xelisuflebas. rogorc cnobilia, gamsaxurdia ar iTxovda natoSi qveynis gaerTianebas, ase vTqvaT, Tanaxma iyo, rom saqarTvelo neitraluri saxelmwifo yofiliyo, magram kremlma mainc daamxo gamsaxurdias mTavroba. SevardnaZe dabalansebul politikas awarmoebda, Tumca im dros ruseTma afxazeTi miiTvisa, saakaSvilis mmarTvelobisas ki e. w. samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis damoukidebloba aRiara. amJamindeli saqarTvelos xelisufleba, rogorc viciT, pragmatuli politikis mimdevaria, Tumca ruseTi mainc ganagrZobs agresiul politikas – mcocavi okupacia grZeldeba. . . amitom zemoT aRniSnuli braldeba gamsaxurdias mimarT umarTebuloa.
gamsaxurdia gaxldaT Tavdadebuli prezidenti. am mxriv sayuradRebo mosazrebas aviTarebs politologi irakli margvelaSvili: `pirveli prezidentis brZolis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala, ra Tqma unda, erovnuli idea iyo, romelic or strategiul daniSnulebas moicavda: 1. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopoveba; 2. am damoukideblobis SenarCuneba geopolitikuri landSaftis Seqmnis gziT. orive sakiTxi kompleqsurad unda ganxorcielebuliyo, rac sakmaod did risks moiTxovda, radgan mowinaaRmdeges ruseTi warmoadgenda da es safrTxes uqmnida prezidentis sicocxlesac. aki gaanadgures kidec fizikurad. mTavari aq is iyo, rom unda gadadgmuliyo radikaluri nabijebi imperiis winaaRmdeg, rasac aucileblad mohyveboda pasuxebi imperiis mxridan, rac misTvis cxadi iyo~. . .
asec moxda. . . rogorc vTqviT, man Cvens qveyanas damoukidebloba moapovebina, rusul jars saokupacios statusi mianiWa. Zalze mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, aseve, gamsaxurdias Crdilokavkasiuri politika, romelmac imperias seriozuli problemebi Seuqmna CeCneTis saxiT. swored CeCneTis omma misca SevardnaZes SesaZlebloba qveyana met-naklebad fexze wamoeyenebina da reformebi ganexorcielebina, manamde ki, vidre SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi dabrundeboda, ruseTis xelSewyobiT daamxes gamsaxurdias xelisufleba. ,,smenia vinmes msoflioSi ase nawamebi micvalebuli, isic prezidenti, ase devnili gardacvlili da ase didebiT dabrunebuli samSobloSi?! zviadis gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis misteriam yvelafers gadaaWarba~ – aRniSnavs publicisti, istorikosi gaioz mamalaZe. marTlac, gamsaxurdia mowamebrivad aResrula saqarTvelosTvis da amiT ukvdavyo Tavisi saxeli.