შეიცვლება თუ არა შერეული საარჩევნო სისტემა პროპორციულით აჭარაშიც?
ირმა ცეცხლაძე 27 48 93
erTi SexedviT, SesaZloa, mogveCvenos, rom ama Tu im sistemis gamoyeneba sufTa proceduruli sakiTxia da mas aranairi gavlena ar aqvs arCevnebis Sedegebze, magram mdidari gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom, realurad, saqme sul sxvagvaradaa. saarCevno procesis am elements yvelaze gamokveTili politikuri elferi aqvs imdenad, ramdenadac kandidatebsa da partiebs Soris xmaTa erTi da igive ganawilebisas sxvadasxva sistemis gamoyenebas sruliad gansxvavebul Sedegebamde mivyavarT, rac gavlenas axdens ara mxolod arCeviTi organos dakompleqtebaze, aramed misi Semdgomi saqmianobis politikur mimarTulebasa da efeqtianobaze, mTavrobis da mTeli aRmasrulebeli meqanizmis stabilurobaze.
swored amitom gaCnda azrTa sxvadasxvaoba proporciuli saarCevno sistemis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic konstituciiT 2024 wlis arCevnebze unda gamoeyenebina mmarTvel gunds. ratom gadawyvita mTavrobam am etapze aRniSnuli sistemis gamoyeneba, ra iyo es – parlamentis win mowyobili aqciebis zegavlena Tu saRi azri, romelic ufro demokratiul da mravalferovan politikur speqtrs Seqmnis sakanonmdeblo organoSi? aqve imasac aRvniSnav, rom jer kidev ucnobia, ras gamoiwvevs parlamentis siWrele da gaamarTlebs Tu ara emociebis fonze qveynis funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli cvlilebis miReba. ra moxdeba aWaris umaRles sabWoSi, ra SeTanxmebas miaRweven regionis konstituciaSi cvlilebis Setanis kuTxiT, ras fiqroben adgilobriv mmarTvel partiaSi dedaqalaqSi gamarTul saprotesto aqciebze – amaze dRes CvenTan aWaris sakanonmdeblo organos umravlesobis warmomadgenlebi saubroben.
merab karanaZe, umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile:
– minda yuradReba gavamaxvilo erT momentze – axal konstituciaSi mmarTvelma partiam dauSva norma, rom 2024 wlidan saqarTvelos parlamenti unda gadasuliyo proporciul saarCevno sistemaze. am etapze farTo masebis, sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva politikuri Zalebis moTxovnam miiyvana xelisufleba im gadawyvetilebamde, rom proporciuli saarCevno sistema 2020 wlis saparlamento arCevnebze gamoeyenebinaT. parlamentSi inicireba swored `qarTulma ocnebam~ gaakeTa da ukve daiwyo msjeloba am kuTxiT. mogexsenebaT, yvela sakiTxs Tavisi procedurebi aqvs, es ar aris martivi, sakmaod xangrZlivi procesia, romelsac imedia, miiyvanen kondiciamde.
– rac Seexeba aWaras?
– rac Seexeba avtonomiur respublikas, aq saqme cota sxvanairadaa. rogorc gaxsovT, aWaris umaRlesma sabWom miiRo avtonomiuri respublikis konstitucia, romelSic ar iyo naxsenebi proporciuli saarCevno sistema Tundac – 2024 wels. aq SenarCunebuli iyo Sereuli sistema – proporciul-maJoritaruli, rogorc adre: 21 deputatidan 15 – proporciuli siiT, 6 – maJoritari.
– gamodis, aWaraSi vrCebiT Zvel sistemaze?
– ara. CvenTan gundSi ukve daiwyo konsultaciebi saqarTvelos parlamentSi axal inicirebasTan dakavSirebiT. velodebiT Sexvedras da am sakiTxze msjelobas opoziciis da sxva politikuri speqtris warmomadgenlebTan. erTad gavaanalizebT arsebul viTarebas da SevjerdebiT. amasTan, iciT, rom Cveni fundamenti, mTavari warmmarTveli Zalaa mosaxleoba, Cveni sazogadoeba. imedi maqvs, yvelas axsovs, rom axali konstitucia kabinetebSi ar dagviweria. vawyobdiT sajaro ganxilvebs umaRlesi sabWos gareT. am mizniT viyaviT aWaris yvela municipalitetSi, SevxvdiT sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenis warmomadgenlebs. angariSs vabarebdiT gaweul muSaobaze, Tan maT Tvalsazriss da winadadebebs vismendiT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT miviReT aWaris konstituciis saboloo varianti 2018 wels.
– mosaxleobam isurva Zveli saarCevno sistemis datoveba?
– es Cveni axireba namdvilad ar yofila. municipalitetebSi, soflebSi mosaxleoba am sistemis SenarCunebis momxre iyo martivi mizeziT – surda hyoloda sakuTari raionidan maJoritarebi, romlebic Semdgomac agrZeleben muSaobas am raionebSi da sakuTari amomrCevlis sxvadasxva problemas Tu winadadebas awvdian sakanonmdeblo organos. rac unda vTqvaT, es sistema marTlac momgebiania mosaxleobis farTo fenebisTvis Tundac am kuTxiT. romeli jobia, rTuli saTqmelia, radgan orive sistemas aqvs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxare. Cven vapirebT, davelodoT saqarTvelos parlamentis gadawyvetilebas, vnaxavT, rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi da saTanado msjelobis, konsultaciebis Semdeg miviRebT saboloo gadawyvetilebas.
– am gadawyvetilebis miRebiT `qarTulma ocnebam~ sisuste gamoiCina da dauTmo opoziciurad ganwyobil mosaxleobas, Tu demokratiuli procesebis xelSewyoba daafiqsira?
– sisuste aq arafer SuaSia. eg mavanTa saqmea, vin rogori TvaliT uyurebs yvelafers an rogor surs warmoaCinos. kidev erTxel vimeoreb – amaze mTeli politikuri speqtri iyo SeTanxmebuli. mimdinareobda msjeloba sazogadoebasTan, ewyoboda ganxilvebi da swored amis Semdeg miiRes konstitucia, romelSic Caiwera, rom 2024 wlidan gadadioda saqarTvelo proporciul saarCevno sistemaze. ubralod, Semdgom, rodesac amanac gaiJRera moTxovnebSi, `qarTulma ocnebam~ gadawyvita, 2020 wlisTvis SeeTavazebina mosaxleobisTvis es sistema nulovani barieriT.
– ras gulisxmobs es barieri da rogor gadawydeba sxva partiebis dafinansebis sakiTxi?
– amaze jer kidev mimdinareobs Sexvedrebi parlamentsa Tu parlaments gareT. msjeloben politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi, ewyoba sajaro gamosvlebi. marTalia, opoziciuri partiebi prezentaciaze ar movidnen, magram yvelam ganacxada, rom CaerTvebian samuSao procesSi. imedi gvaqvs, male Sedgeba konsensusi, gaarkveven da Sejerdebian yvela sadavo sakiTxze.
ilia verZaZe, umaRlesi sabWos fraqcia `qarTuli ocneba – maJoritarebis~ Tavmjdomare:
– partiis liderebs jer kidev 2020 wlisTvis surdaT proporciuli saarCevno sistemis SeTavazeba amomrCevlebisTvis. arafer SuaSia sisuste, romelsac gvabraleben. qronologias Tu gadavxedavT, jer kidev wina periodSi daayena irakli kobaxiZem es sakiTxi parlamentSi. Cven migvaCnda, rom swored opozicia dagviWerda mxars, magram moxda sruliad moulodneli ram. Cveni gundic gaiyo. maJoritarebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen am proeqts, dabalansdnen opoziciis im warmomadgenlebiT, axla rom Zalian kategoriulad iTxoven proporciul arCevnebs. yvelaferi es moxda martivad – uari Tqves kenWisyraSi monawileobaze da proeqti 2020 wels proporciuli arCevnebis Catarebis Sesaxeb ar gavida. amis Semdeg mmarTveli gundi kompromisze wavida da SeTanxmdnen 2020-Si arCevnebis Sereuli sistemiT, xolo 2024-Si – proporciuliT Catarebaze.
– Tqven ambobT, rom Tavis droze opoziciam Tqva uari. Semdeg ratom awyobdnen sajaro gamosvlebs?
– es iyo wminda wylis destruqciuli procesebi. hqondaT dro, gamosuliyvnen sityviT, moewyoT Sexvedrebi, emsjelaT 4-5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, magram yvela miyuCebuli iyo. xma amoiRes maSin, rodesac konstituciaSi es TariRi Caiwera da cvlilebebi miviReT. gamosvlebiT swored am konstituciis Seryeva, misi revizia surdaT, rac, maTi azriT, xelisuflebas uxerxulobaSi Caagdebda.
– maSin, momitingeebs swored is sakiTxi dauyenebiaT wina planze, romelic `qarTul ocnebas~ aZlevda xels?
– Cveni gundi arasodes zRudavda demokratias, xalxis azrs da neba-survils. proporciuli arCevnebi jer kidev 2020 wels gvindoda SemogveRo, magram isev da isev parlamentarTa nawilis neba-surviliT gavaCereT. radgan Semdeg am sakiTxma amdeni kiTxva gamoiwvia da ukmayofilo axalgazrdebmac parlamentis win es gaaJReres, cxadia, ar wavidodiT winaaRmdeg, miT umetes, rom am sakiTxs Tavadac progresulad vTvliT sakanonmdeblo organos, qveynis ganviTarebisTvis.
– sakmaod mravalferovan sakanonmdeblo organos miviRebT, Tuki Catardeba proporciuli arCevnebi . . .
– siWrelis miuxedavad, es organo Tu maRal politikur kulturas aCvenebs, warmatebulad miviCnevT proeqts, xolo Tuki mudmivi gawev-gamoweva iqneba, gamodis, fuWad davxarjeT Zalisxmeva.
– axali sistemiT isev elodebiT umravlesobas parlamentSi?
– vfiqrob, am kuTxiT aranairi problema ar Segveqmneba. cxadia, visurvebdi `qarTul ocnebas~ 50%-ze meti xma hqondes, magram rogor Sedegsac miviRebT, iqidan gamomdinare dalagdeba Semdgomi politikuri ruka.
– saakaSvili am arCevnebis winaaRmdeg ratom gamovida?
– imitom, rom saakaSvilma Zalian kargad icis – saxelwodeba `nacionaluri moZraoba~ aris sayovelTao negativi. amitom urCevniaT, ramdenime partia miikran da an `Zala erTobaSia~ dairqvan an `sinaTle Cvens fanjrebSi~ an `naTeli momavali~ da am neitraluri saxelebis safarqveS gavidnen. axla maT gamoecalaT lokomitivis funqcia da amaze wuxan. sxva nebismieri barieris SemTxvevaSi, patara partiebi xdebian damokidebulni msxvil partiebze. gasvlis SemTxvevaSic usamarTlod nawildeba adgilebi. rogorc wesi, maT siis im rigiTobaSi aqceven, romelsac gasvlis naklebi Sansi aqvs. `nacionalebma~ kargad ician – nebismieri patara partia, romelsac Tundac erTi procentis aRebis Sansi aqvs, aRar daimcirebs Tavs blokSi an siaSi CasmiT.
– mowinaaRmdegeebi amboben, rom es sistema maJoritarebis sistemis msgavsia da mogvatyua `qarTulma ocnebam~. ras gulisxmoben?
– es didi tyuilia. Tu me vuSveb, rom 5-ma adamianma daafuZnos 5 partia, fulic – 20 aTasi daxarjos, xmebic iyidos da 13-15 aTasi xma aiRos, igive warmatebiT is 5 adamiani gaerTiandeba, ufro naklebi xarji gamouvaT, erT partias daafuZneben, Cajdebian pirvel xuTeulSi da Sesabamisad, 75 aTasi xma im 5 kacs gaiyvans . . . rogorc xedavT, yvelaferi aixsneba elementaruli maTematikiT. braldeba absurdulia da xalxis dezorientacias emsaxureba. fuli, iseve, rogorc xmebi, proporciulad nawildeba proporciuli arCevnebis dros. aqedan gamomdinare, argumenti Zalian ususuria da gaTvlilia xalxis SecdomaSi Seyvanaze.
– axalgazrdebi isev dganan parlamentis win, aqciebi politikurad marTulia Tu. .
– marTalia, amboben, rom iq, ZiriTadad, partiuli nomenklaturaa, romlisTvisac mTavaria duRilis temperatura SeinarCunos, magram mainc ar minda vifiqro, rom arsebuli protesti maTTan myofi axalgazrdobis didi nawilis gacnobierebuli poziciaa. gaugebaria erTi ram – rodesac aseTi maRali rangis Tanamdebobis piri – parlamentis Tavmjdomare Tanamdebobidan midis, roca mTavroba gamoZiebas iwyebs Zalis gadamatebis calkeul faqtebze, Sesabamis politikur gancxadebas akeTebs, anu rodesac yovelmxriv iTvaliswinebs ukmayofilo adamianebis protests, Tundac hqondeT kidev kiTxvis niSnebi calkeul ministrebTan, amis gamo ratom unda agrZelebdnen am aqciebs da uwyobdnen xels qveyanaSi destabilizacias? maT imis aranairi safuZveli ar aqvT, qveynis imijis Seryevas yoveldRe uwyobdnen xels. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, es procesebi mainc politikurad marTuli mgonia.
– rogor SeafasebdiT ruseTis prezidentis bolo qmedebebs, CagveSleba sezoni?
– imedi maqvs, rom sezoni ar CaiSleba. marTlac araadekvaturi qmedebaa Cveni mezobeli qveynis lideris mxridan da am araadekvaturobis gamo zaraldebian rogorc Cveni, ise rusi moqalaqeebi, rac ar aris kargi. Tan oponentebis aralogikuri gancxadebebic maocebs. roca sWirdebaT – ruseTis agentebi varT, okupantTan garigebulebi. am etapze ki maTi qmedebebi Cveni ekonomikis winaaRmdeg iseTi Sexmatkbilebulia ruseTTan, rom gakvirvebs gasaocari sinqroniT. ar vici, ra vifiqro, aq Zalian rTuladaa saqme.