“რაც უფრო მეტად გავიყვანთ ბავშვს გარეთ, მით უფრო შევუწყობთ ხელს მის განვითარებას” 3 დეკემბერი შშმ პირთა დაცვის დღე
oTar cinariZe 599 85 21 14 –
sofiko surmaniZe xuloSi, sofel kvatiaSia dabadebuli. 2010 – 2014 wlebSi swavlobda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos xiWauris wmida tbel abuserisZis saswavlo universitetSi socialur mecnierebaTa da jandacvis fakultetze. Aaqve, magistraturaSi miiRo humanitarul mecnierebaTa da ganaTlebis fakultetis akademiuri xarisxi. muSaobda kvatiis sabavSvo baRSi maswavleblad. araerTi sertifikati aqvs miRebuli rogorc studentobis dros, aseve Semdgom. 2021 wels Caabara specialuri maswavleblis sertificirebis gamocda. 2019 wlidan dRemde muSaobs tariel futkaraZis saxelobis Subnis sajaro skolaSi specialur maswavleblad. 2022 wels monawileobda regionul saswavlo turSi specialuri maswavleblebisTvis. aqtiuradaa CarTuli saskolo cxovrebaSi. rogorc specialuri maswavlebeli, mTavar yuradrebas inkluziur ganaTlebas uTmobs. interviuSic am sakiTxze saubrobs.
– SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs miekuTvnebian adamianebi xangrZlivi fizikuri, mentaluri, inteleqtualuri an sensoruli darRveviT. samwuxarod, sazogadoeba araa maTTan urTierTobisTvis mzad, arc fsiqologiurad da arc Sesabamisi ganaTlebiTaa aRWurvili. aucilebelia sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba am kuTxiT. SSm pirebs didi potenciali aqvT da rogorc kerZo, aseve sajaro seqtorma es saTanadod unda gamoiyenon.
– rogoria statistika msofliosa da saqarTveloSi?
– msoflioSi daaxloebiT erTi miliardi SSm piri cxovrobs, rac saerTo mosaxleobis 15 procentia. maT 80 procents aqvs dasaqmebisTvis Sesabamisi asaki, Tumca maTi dasaqmebis ufleba xSirad izRudeba, gansakuTrebiT – qalebis. saqarTveloSi 150000-ze meti SSm piria.
– CvenTan ra RonisZiebebi tardeba maTi dasaqmebisTvis?
– 2015 wels saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom daiwyo SSm pirTa dasaqmebis sapilote programa, romelic xels uwyobs maT Sesaferisi samuSaos moZiebaSi, Semdeg adaptaciasa da Sesasrulebeli samuSaos srulfasovan dauflebaSi. aRniSnuli programa iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos mier axlad dasaqmebuli SSm piris uzrunvelyofas sastaJioro stipendiiT dasaqmebis pirveli 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. TbilisSi, kerZod, qalaq ,,mziurSi’’ gaixsna socialuri kafe, romelic adaptirebulia am pirTaTvis. personali gadamzadebulia SSm pirebis momsaxurebis kuTxiT da dasaqmebuli 10 TanamSromlidan 2 SSm piria. msgavsi dawesebulebebi kidev arsebobs, Tumca, arasakmarisi. saxelmwifos mxridan SSm pirTa Sromisa da dasaqmebis uflebis realizebis proporciulobaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom sajaro seqtorSi dasaqmebul 53000 – ze meti piridan, mxolod 112 aris SezRuduli SesaZleblobis.
– ras iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos kanoni `SSm pirTa socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb~
– SSm pirTa diskriminacia akrZalulia da kanoniT isjeba. saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs maT socialur dacvas da uqmnis saWiro pirobebs individualuri ganviTarebisTvis, SemoqmedebiTi da sawarmoo SesaZleblobis realizaciisaTvis. saxelmwifo xels uwyobs sajaro skolaSi inkluziuri da multilingvisturi ganaTlebis danergvas.
– Zalian bevri, SSm piri, SemdgomSi cnobili pirovneba gaxda. . .
– diax. amerikeli eduard robertsi iyo pirveli studenti seriozuli diagnoziT. mas 14 wlis asakSi poliomieliti daudgines, rac niSnavda, rom is mTel cxovrebas xelovnuri filtvebiT etlSi gaatarebda. araerTxel scada TviTmkvleloba, SimSilobda, 23 kilogrami daiklo, magram erT dRes gadawyvita, rom sicocxlisTvis ebrZola. iswavla etlSi jdoma da gadaadgileba. 1962 wels kaliforniis universitetSi Cairicxa, riTac daamsxvria stereotipi, rom ,,SSm pirebs ar SeeZloT umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba~. robertsi daqorwinda da mas da mis meuRles gauCndaT sruliad janmrTeli Svilebi, riTac kvlav daamsxvria sxva stereotipi, rom ,,SSm pirs ar SeuZlia Svilis gaCena’’. Cveni irma xucuriani msofliosa da evropis mravalgzis prizioria paraolimpiur farikaobaSi. agaTa krists, erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul mwerals, romlis ori milioni wigni gamoica 44 enaze, skolaSi problemebi qonda werasTan dakavSirebiT. agaTas msgavsad, disleqsiiT daavadebuli iyvnen: albert ainStaini, hans kristian andersoni, leonardo da vinCi, pablo pikaso, tomas edisoni da sxvebi. leonardo da vinCis xSirad efanteboda yuradReba, Canawerebs ukuRma – marjvnidan marcxniv akeTebda. pikasos ki skolaSi kiTxva uWirda. albert ainStaini sagnebs Znelad iTvisebda misi tvinis araordinaruli, iSviaTi struqturis gamo. mas aseve, msubuqi formis autizmic qonda.
– inkluziuri ganaTlebisa da swavlebis arsi raSi mdgomareobs?
– meoce saukunis 80-iani wlebidan daiwyo inkluziuri ganaTlebis Rirebulebebisa da principebis gavrceleba. 1994 wels salamankas deklaraciam da 2006 wels gaeros SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa konvenciam ganapiroba saqarTveloSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis procesis dawyeba. inkluziuri ganaTleba es aris axali sityva ganaTlebis sferoSi, igi uzrunvelyofs TiToeuli bavSvis komforts da yvela saSualebas ganaTlebis procesSi srulfasovani CarTvisTvis. saqarTveloSi 5000 SSm moswavlea registrirebuli. Cvens qveyanaSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis danergvisTanave, skolebSi mankieri SemTxvevebi gamoikveTa. gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone maswavlebeli da Tanaklaselebi `inkluzivebs~ uwodeben. arada, es bavSvebi, maTi Tanatolebis msgavsad gadian sxvadasxva etaps, magram ufro gvian da neli tempiT. gvian idgamen fexs, gvian iwyeben metyvelebas, maT uWirT informaciis sworad gadamuSaveba, damaxsovreba da a.S. inkluziurma garemom unda aRiaros da gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis mravalferovani saWiroebebi. skolam unda SeZlos swavlis gansxvavebuli stiliT da Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyenebiT, swavlebis uzrunvelyofa. pirisTvis, romelsac TanatolebTan SedarebiT uWirs swavla da romlisTvisac saWiroa erovnuli saswavlo gegmis modificireba an saswavlo garemosTan adaptacia, aucilebelia individualuri saswavlo gegmis Sedgena. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mniSvnelovania ara codnis odenoba, aramed – xarisxi. specialuri pedagogis upirvelesi mizani unda iyos moswavlis ganviTareba da gaZliereba im ZiriTad da prioritetul sakiTxebSi, rac erovnuli saganmanaTleblo miznebiT aris gansazRvruli. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavlis interesebi da misi individualuri SesaZleblobebi. miuxedavad inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialistis mniSvnelovani rolisa, dauSvebelia specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis saswavlo procesis dagegmva. specialuri maswavlebeli ver Caanacvlebs sagnis maswavlebels. mas SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saswavlo procesis dagegmvaSi, sagnis maswavlebls misces rekomendacia, Tu rogor aswavlos moswavles. inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialisti cdilobs sxvadasxva sagnis maswavleblis mier gansazRvruli datvirTvis dabalansebas, aseve, SeuZlia monitoringi ganaxorcielos yvela gakveTilze. erTi saswavlo dRe dauTmos konkretuli moswavlis saswavlo procesis monitorings. nebismieri saswavlo procesi moswavlisa da maswavleblis aqtiur urTierTobas emyareba, romlis ZiriTadi mizania bavSvis ganviTareba da sazogadoebis srulfasovan, sruluflebian wevrad Camoyalibebaa. aqcenti keTdeba Semdeg unarebze: pirovnuli, socialuri da emociuri ganviTareba; komunikacia, metyveleba, marTlwera; maTematikuri unarebi; codna samyaros Sesaxeb; fizikuri ganviTareba; axali informaciis xelmisawvdomoba; SeZenili unarebis waxalisebiT gamoyeneba. diagnozs adgens da daxmarebas gansazRvravs personalTa jgufi- fsiqologi, Terapevti, logopedi, bavSvisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis aqtiuri monawileobiT. erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan miznebis SerCevis procesSi maswavlebeli da profesionalTa gundi, mSoblis CarTulobiT unda xelmZRvanelobdes kriteriumebiT.
– ra aris es kriteriumebi?
– misaRwevi Sedegi unda iyos SerCeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis donis da asakobrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT; unda arsebobdes Sedegis warmatebiT miRwevis didi albaToba; nu ecdebiT yvelaferi erT dReSi mogvardes. erT dReSi Tqvas Seni saxeli, Semogxedos TvalebSi da Seasrulos Seni miTiTebebi. acale da daelode; arasdros aRniSno xmamaRla, rom is sxvanairia, rames ver akeTebs da miT umetes, arasdros Tqva, rom is ,,codoa~; gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis bavSvi xSirad CarTeT musikalur aqtivobebSi, es gacilebiT Sedegiani iqneba, radgan msgavsi aqtivobebis dros bavSvebi gacilebiT motivirebulni arian: Tu moswavles xmauris eSinia, sawyis etapze SeiZleba yursasmenebi gamoviyenoT, romelsac zaris darekvis win movargebT an winaswar gavafrTxilebT, rom axla zari dairekeba. Tu xalxmravloba awuxebs, maSin TandaTan unda SevaCvioT. Tu wignSi sasurvel teqsts ver poulobs, ar moZebnoT mis nacvlad, sxvagvarad mianiSneT.
– ra rols TamaSobs maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierToba? – SSm moswavlis swavlis donis amaRlebisTvis mniSvnelovania: maswavleblisa da moswavlis keTili urTierToba; gakveTilis struqturis nacnoboba; saintereso gegma; mokle samuSao periodi; gansxvavebuli aqtivobebis xSiri monacvleoba; TvalsaCinoebebis gamoyeneba; ganvlil masalaze xSiri mibruneba; odnavi warmatebis SeqebiT aRniSvna. bavSvebis jgufuri aqtivobis dros umjobesia 3-ze meti bavSvi ar iyos jgufSi. kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad 5 wami mainc unda mivceT. jgufuri aqtivobis dros masac gavunawiloT movaleoba da vuTxraT, rom is pasuxismgebelia davalebis Sesrulebaze.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebTan muSaoba did garjas da Zalisxmevas iTxovs. Tumca, garda pedagogis Sromisa, saskolo asakis sxvadasxva darRvevis bavSvebis ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia specialuri saWiroebis saganmanaTleblo resursi: resursoTaxi – fijetebi (moqanave skamebi), Terapiuli burTebi, rgolebi. es xels uwyobs simSvides, aqtiur mosmenas, yuradRebis koncentracias.
– ra roli akisria mSobels?
– moswavlis mxardamWeri umeteswilad, mSobelia, didi datvirTva swored masze modis, igi aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli yvela procesSi, raTa adekvaturi daxmareba gauwios Svils. mSobelTa umetesoba ar aris Sesabamisad informirebuli, saWiroa maTi cnobierebis amaRleba. samwuxarod, cota mSobeli gvyavs, vinc realurad, Cveni rekomendaciebis mixedviT axerxebs muSaobas. zogierT mSobels instruqciis sworad gageba da Sesruleba uWirs. SSm bavSvma unda iswavlos kiTxva, wera, angariSi, informaciis gadamuSaveba, saSinao da saklaso davalebis Sesruleba, sakuTari Sexedulebis gamoxatva da sxvebis azris gageba, urTierToba TanatolebTan da pedagogebTan da a.S. mniSvnelovania aseTi cxovrebiseuli unarebis SeZena da gaZliereba. ar aris aucilebeli, maswavlebeli Tanmimdevrulad mihyvebodes erovnul saswavlo gegmis farglebSi standartulad mocemul miznebs. moswavle unda gaiwafos misTvis mniSvnelovan unarebSi. paralelurad ki garkveuli Temebis Sesaxeb, mxolod zedapiruli informacia da gamocdileba SeiZinos. dauSvebelia specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis saswavlo procesis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba mxolod inkluziuri ganaTlebis specialistis valdebulebad miviCnioT da moswavlis swavlasTan dakavSirebuli yvela saxis pasuxismgebloba mas davakisroT. specialuri maswavlebeli ver Caanacvlebs sagnis maswavlebels. bavSvi, ojaxi da skola erTi jaWvia. bavSvis SesaZleblobebis da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT Sedegs. mSoblis mxardaWera erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria miznis miRwevis procesSi. igi aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli yvela sferoSi, raTa adekvaturi daxmareba gauwios Svils. unda SeZlos mozardis qcevis pozitiurad marTva da motivaciis mizniT waxalisebis Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyeneba. samwuxarod zogi mSobeli pasuxismgeblobas mxolod maswavleblebs akisrebs, rac arasworia. mas maswavlebelze didi pasuxismgebloba akisria. bevri mSobeli sazogadoebis negatiuri damokidebulebis gamo, bavSvs ketavs saxlSi, ar dahyavs saseirnod, stumrad da a.S. aranairi karCaketiloba. piriqiT, rac ufro metad gaviyvanT bavSvs gareT, vatarebT baRSi, skolaSi, miT ufro SevuwyobT xels mis ganviTarebas. SSm an sssm moswavleebis swavlasa da saganmanaTleblo procesSi Tanamonawileobaze Tanabrad arian pasuxismgebelni damrigebeli, sagnis maswavleblebi, inkluziur ganaTlebaSi CarTuli specialistebi da mSobelic. pirdapiri datvirTva swored masze modis, igi aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli yvela sferoSi, raTa adekvaturi daxmareba gauwios Svils.
– rogorc maswavlebeli ras akeTebT?
– inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb bevri vici, magram aTasgvari Teoria sxvaa da misi praqtikuli ganxorcieleba – sxva. piradi gamocdilebiT vici, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis aRsazrdelTan muSaoba met nebisyofasTan erTad moiTxovs ormag pasuxismgeblobasac. rTulia, Tumca, ara SeuZlebeli. mTavaria survili imisa, rom viRacis cxovreba Secvalo ukeTesobisken. yvelaferi gamova moTminebiT, meti nebisyofiT. rac yvelaze mTavaria, Sedegze orientirebuli unda iyos ojaxi, mSobeli, maswavleblebi, megobrebi, mTliani garemo da ra Tqma unda, TviTon SSm piric. mjera, Cven yvela erTad SevZlebT davangrioT is ,,kedeli~, romelic CvenTan, SSm pirebsa da sazogadoebis danarCen nawils Sorisaa aRmarTuli. saWiroa, sazogadoebis damokidebuleba Seicvalos. yvelaze prioritetuli faqtori ki bavSvebis upirobo siyvarulia. swored es siyvaruli ganapirobebs am sferoSi mravalferovani sagnis codnis aucileblobas, mravalferovani programebis gamoyenebas saswavlo procesSi da survils, rom momdevno dRes raRac axliT gaamdidro moswavlis Tvalsawieri. aTasgvari stereotipi, romelic inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT aris gavrcelebuli, arcodnis da araswori damokidebulebis bralia. pirovneba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre nebismieri mdgomareoba.