ევროპული კურსის სიკეთე და რუსული პროპაგანდის დეზინფორმაცია
laSa xomeriki 27 48 93 –
Cveni qveynis mosaxleobam arCevani karga xania gaakeTa, moqalaqeebis umravlesoba evropasTan integraciis momxrea da momavals rwmeniT Sehyurebs, Tumca dabrkolebebi TvalSisacemia – ruseTi da ara Tanmimdevruli dasavleTi, amgvari propagandis arsenalSia populizmi da `hibriduli omi~, rac Tanamedrove msoflios problemaa. evropul gzaze rom warmatebebiT gavideT, didi Zalisxmevaa saWiro, swored am saWirboroto sakiTxze Tavis mosazrebas gvTavazobs politologi gela iremaZe.
– xSirad vsaubrobT rusuli propagandis negatiur rolze, Tqveni azri – amis Taobaze?
– rusuli propagandis amocana simarTlis garkveva ki ar aris, aramed politikur mizans emsaxureba. es mizania saqarTveloSi prorusuli diskursis gaZliereba, anu evropuli faseulobebis nivelireba, TiTqos evropa garyvnilia, ruseTi ki erTmorwmune da keTilmosurne. arada, ruseTTan urTierToba gvaswavlis, rom igi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobas ebrZvis, amitom Cveni gza aris dasavleTi, sadac saxelmwifoebis Tavisufal arCevans pativs scemen da interesebs iTvaliswineben.
– ras moicavs kremliseuli propaganda, ZiriTadad, raze keTdeba aqcenti?
– kremlis mizani (ruseTis imperiis arsebobidan dawyebuli) aris gavlenis srulad da upirobod gavrceleba da Cveni qveynis satelitis mdgomareobaSi yofna. gavlenisTvis brZola ar morCeba maSinac ki, roca Cven erTmniSvnelovnad, aRmovCndebiT evropis farglebSi. mokled, ruseTs surs, misi gavlena saqarTveloze iyos dadasturebuli, mkafio da naTeli.
– ras efuZneba kremliseuli propaganda?
– ZiriTadad, es aris Segoneba, rom qarTuli mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesdeba dasavleTis kursze uaris TqmiT. garda amisa, ruseTi cdilobs, CixSi Seiyvanos evrokavSiris SemoTavazebebi, anu saubaria (rasac rusuli propaganda apiarebs), rom TiTqos Cven, qarTvelebi davkargavT erovnulobas, sarwmunoebas, kulturas. . . calsaxad unda iTqvas, rom ruseTisgan gansxvavebiT, dasavleTi arafris uaryofas gvTxovs.
– rusuli propaganda, cxadia, metamorfozas ganicdis saqarTveloSi?
– wlebis ganmavlobaSi TvalnaTliv vxedavT, rom roca evrokavSirma da natom saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba unda miiRos (anu Cveni arCevani ar icvleba ruseTis sasargeblod), es ukanaskneli yovelTvis Zalismier meTodebze gadadis. es 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebmac daadastura. rac Seexeba rusuli propagandis cvlilebebsa da gaZlierebas, damokidebulia msoflioSi ganviTarebul movlenebze, isini amZafreben propagandas saWiroebis mixedviT. aq saubaria ara konkretul nabijebze, magaliTad, deokupaciaze da a. S. aramed ubralod, gveubnebian, rom saqarTvelom ar unda imegobros dasavleTTan, unda iyos ruseTTan erTad. bolo periodSi rusuli propaganda gaaqtiurda ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed evropaSic.
– gacnobierebulia Tu ara qarTveli sazogadoeba dasavlur RirebulebebSi da am Rirebulebebis arcodnas ramdenad uwyobs xels rusul propaganda?
– sabolood mivdivarT im daskvnamde, rom rac unda aqtiuri iyos masmedia, meti swori informacia sWirdeba sazogadoebas da yovelTvis asea. wina wlebTan SedarebiT masmedia cdilobs sazogadoebas ganumartos, ras niSnavs dasavleTi da aq ar aris saubari im miTebze, TiTqos evropa garyvnilia. . . Cveni saxelmwifo uwyebebi kargad muSaoben, rom mosaxleoba Caayenon saqmis kursSi, magram sabolood, adamianisTvis informaciis miwodebaze mTavari, mainc Sedegia. am kuTxiT mniSvnelovani iqneboda saqarTvelosTvis natos samitze map-is miniWeba, rac garkveulwilad, Cveni qveynis usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofda.
– xelisuflebam ra unda gaakeTos dasavleTTan dasaaxloeblad?
– erTaderTi ram – ubralod, unda cdilobdes, maqsimalurad, yvela sferoSi iyos sanimuSo mdgomareoba, radgan roca dadgeba natosa da evrokavSirSi Cveni qveynis gawevrianebis sakiTxi, mowinaaRmdegeebma (magaliTad, safrangeTi, germania) ver daafiqsiron SeniSvnebi. aravis unda mivceT sababi uaris Tqmisa. am mxriv, propagandis nairsaxeoba populizmia, rasac ruseTi meTodurad aRvivebs msoflioSi.
– yvelaze Zlierad sad moqmedebs populizmi?
– SeiZleba iTqvas, rom populizmis niSnebi ara mxolod aRmosavleT evropis saxelmwifoebSi, aramed evrokavSiris wamyvan qveynebSic SeiniSneba, magaliTad, saqarTveloSi antidasavluri Zalebi amboben, rom dasavleTsa da ruseTs Soris daZabulobis mizezi ar unda gavxdeT da a. S. ra Tqma unda, daZabulobis gamomwvevi ar unda gavxdeT, magram Cven yovelTvis yuradRebis centrSi unda vimyofebodeT, anu Cveni qveynis sakiTxi unda ganixilebodes msoflioSi mimdinare mwvave problemebTan erTad.
– mainc ra aris populizmis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi?
– populizmis xelSemwyobi faqtorebia sazogadoebis arasaTanado informirebuloba, dainteresebuli mxareebi sazogadoebriv azrze gavlenas axdenen sxvadasxva populisturi strategiis gamoyenebiT. magaliTad, sagareo politikaSi qarTuli populizmi (rasac antidasavluri Zalebi iyeneben) eyrdnoba miTs, TiTqos dasavleTi ebrZvis marTlmadideblobas, dasavleTma gagvyida da a. S. zogierTi politikuri partiis strategiaa `ubloko statusi~, romelic populistur elfers Seicavs, radgan amiT cdiloben, sazogadoebis rac SeiZleba met nawilze moaxdinon zemoqmedeba. yvela partiisTvis cnobilia, rom sazogadoebaze gavlena xelisuflebaze zegavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobaa.
– ramdenad moqmedebs sazogadoebaze populisturi diskursi?
– xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis garkveul kontingentze moqmedebs. CvenTan aris politikuri partiebi, romelTac TavianTi satelevizio platforma aqvT da hyavT mayurebeli. sainformacio saSualebebiT, presiT, socialuri qselebiT vrceldeba populisturi diskursi.
– kidev raSi vlindeba populisturi ideebi?
– pirvel rigSi, vlindeba sagareo politikaSi. es aris ruseTis mxardaWera, masTan mWidro urTierTobis dalageba da prodasavluri kursis ugulebelyofa. viciT, rom ruseTi arasaimedo aqtoria da masTan kompromisis enaze saubari Sedegs ar moitans, meore mxriv, gvyavs saxelisuflo da prodasavluri partiebi, romlebic dasavluri kursis erTgulni arian da, ra Tqma unda, prodasavluri politikis gasatareblad iyeneben masmediis saSualebebs.
– sagareo politikaSi ra suraTi gvaqvs am mimarTebiT?
– sagareo politikaSi populisturi strategia gamoixateba `ubloko statusSi~, aseve separatistul reJimebTan pirdapir (ruseTis TaosnobiT) dialogSi da a. S. ra Tqma unda, dasavleTsac esmis, rom ruseTTan urTierToba unda dalagdes, magram Cven es unda gavakeToT erovnuli interesebis Sesabamisad. adamianis gataceba, sazRvris gadmoweva rom fiqsirdeba, ver mivemxrobiT `ubloko statuss~. ruseTTan erTi erTze saubari saxifaToa. am mxriv dasavleTma Zalian didi daxmareba gagviwia, axlac gviwevs da momavlSic mzad aris, dagvexmaros. . .
– amboben, rom evrokavSirsa da natoSi mainc ar migviReben, vinaidan Cveni mentaliteti ar Seesabameba evropuls. . .
– sworedac rom Seesabameba Cveni mentaliteti evropuls. saerTod, mentaliteti aris im qcevaTa erToblioba, romelsac dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi adamianebi viziarebT da rac aris Cveni xasiaTi. ra Tqma unda, yvela qveyanas Tavisi kultura, tradicia aqvs, am mxriv, Cveni qveyana gamorCeulia. unda mogaxsenoT, rom evrokavSiri aris ekonomikuri organizacia, romelic cdilobs qveynebis ganviTarebas da ar iTxovs tradiciebis uaryofas. bolos davZendi, rom evropuli kursis sikeTe gamoixateba Tundac qveynis ekonomikur keTildReobaSi, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaSi, kanonis uzenaesobaSi, adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi, demokratiis ganmtkicebasa da sasamarTlos damoukideblobaSi. amis TvalsaCino magiliTia baltiispireTis qveynebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. amitom xelisuflebam sazogadoebas dawvrilebiT unda auxsnas, ra sikeTis momtania dasavluri kursi qveynis samomavlo ganviTarebisTvis.